RU1785010C - Device for amplitude probability distribution measuring for pulse signals - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to specialized computing tools and can be used to measure the statistical characteristics of random processes. The aim of the invention is to increase accuracy. The device comprises two pulse shapers, a first trigger, two AND elements, a first group of AND elements, a clock pulse generator, a counter, a decoder, a group of counters and a first threshold block, the input of which is an input for setting information about silent flashes, and the output through the Invention relates to specialized means of computer technology and can be used to measure the statistical characteristics of random processes. A device for determining the probability distributions of pulse amplitudes is known. x signals, containing a shaper, an amplitude-pulse modulator, the first pulse shaper is connected to the S-input of the first trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the first inputs of the first and second elements AND, the output of the latter is connected to the counter input of the counter, the output of which is connected to the input first decoder. The device is characterized in that two pulse shapers, three keys, two triggers, a peak detector, two delay elements, an analog-to-digital converter are introduced into it — a group of decoders, a second group of AND elements, a group of threshold blocks, a group of elements NOT, two elements OR and a second threshold unit, the input of which is an input for setting information about the thunder of the device, and the output is connected to the information input of the first key, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first element through the second pulse shaper one or, to the input of the first delay element and via a second delay element - to first inputs of AND gates of the first group, the output of the first delay element connected to the second input of the second OR gate whose output is connected to the reset inputs of the counter and the peak detector. 3 ill. an amplitude analyzer, a peak detector, a second peak detector, a single vibrator, and element I. The disadvantages of the known device are the narrow functionality, the complexity of the settings and the low reliability of the operation. The closest in technical essence to the claimed is the device V | ate about

Description

to determine the probability distributions of the amplitudes of the pulse signals, comprising two one-shots, a pulse shaper, an amplitude-pulse modulator, a third one-shot, a blocking element, a delay unit, two peak detectors and two amplitude analyzers, a trigger, a group of AND elements and a threshold block.

A disadvantage of the known device is its low accuracy.

An object of the invention is to increase the accuracy of devices.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for determining the probability distribution of the amplitudes of the pulse signals, containing two pulse shapers, the first trigger, two elements And, the first group of elements And, clock pulse generator, counter, decoder, group of counters and the first threshold block, input which is the input for setting information about the lightning flashes of the device, and the output through the first pulse shaper is connected to the S-input of the first trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the first inputs of the first and volts of the other AND elements, whose output is connected to the counter input of the counter, the output of which is connected to the input of the first decoder, two pulse shapers, three cries, two triggers, a peak detector, two delay elements, an analog-to-digital converter, a group of decoders, and a second group of elements are introduced And, a group of threshold blocks a group of elements NOT: two OR elements and a second threshold block, the input of which is an input for setting information about thunder, and the output is connected to the information input of the first key, the output of which is through the second pulse shaper is connected to the first input of the first OR element, to the input of the first delay element, and through the second delay element to the first inputs of the elements of the first group, the output of each of which is connected to the enable input of the subsequent group decoder, the outputs of each group decoder are connected to the counting the inputs of the corresponding counters of the same group, the outputs of the group counters and the output of the first threshold block are the outputs of the device, the output of the first pulse shaper is connected to the second input m of the first AND element, the output of which is connected to the first input of the second OR element and to the S-input of the second trigger, whose inverse output is connected to the control input of the first key, the direct output of the first trigger is connected to the trigger input

clock generator, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second element And, the output of the counter is connected to the inputs of the decoder and threshold blocks

groups, the output of each of which, except the last, is connected to the input of the same element of NOT a group, the output of the first threshold block is connected to the second input of the first element AND of the first group, the outputs of all threshold blocks except the first are connected to the first inputs of the same elements AND of the second group, the output of each the element is NOT a group, connected to the inputs of the same name and all

of the following AND elements of the second group, the decoder output is connected to the second inputs of the second and first OR elements, the output of which is connected to the R-input of the second and first trigger, the inverse output of which is connected to the control input of the key, the information input of which is connected to the output of the first threshold block, and the output through the third pulse shaper is connected to the S-input of the third trigger, and the input of the fourth pulse shaper, the output of which is connected to the R-input of the third trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the control yuschim input of the third key information which is in-turn connected to an input information setting device for outbreaks of lightning, and an output coupled to the data input of a peak detector whose output is connected to the input of analog-to-digital converters,

l, the output of which is connected to the information inputs of the group decoders, the output of the first delay element is connected to the second input of the second OR element, the output of which is connected to the reset inputs

counter and peak detector.

In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a device; in FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of an amplitude analyzer; in FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a code converter.

The device comprises first and second threshold blocks 1 and 2, first, third, fourth and second pulse shapers 3-6, respectively, triggers 7-9 from first to third, first and second elements 11 and 12, code converter 13, peak detector 14 , the first and second elements OR 15 and 16, the decoder 17, the second delay element 18, the second and first keys 19 and 21, the third key 20, the generator 22

clock pulses, analog-to-digital Converter 23, the first delay element 24, an amplitude analyzer 25 and a group of 26 amplitude analyzers, the input of the job information about lightning flashes

27, input 28 setting information about peals

thunder, a group of 29 installation inputs and a control input 30, outputs 31 of block 25, outputs 32 of blocks 26, outputs 33 of block 13, output 34 of block 6 and outputs 35 of block 23.

The amplitude analyzer of group 26 (Fig. 2) contains an And 36 element, a decoder 37 and a group of counters 38.

The code converter 13 (Fig. 3) contains a group of registers 39, a group of threshold blocks 40, a group of 41 elements NOT, a group of elements 42 AND (a second group of elements AND devices), a delay element 43, a counter 44 and a decoder 45, outputs 46 of the elements of the NOT group 41 and outputs 47 of the decoder 45.

Block 25 differs from the blocks of group bb in that it does not use input 33, and input 34 is connected directly to the enable input of decoder 37. ,,,

The drawings do not show the initial installation circuit of the device and the output indicator nodes.

The device operates as follows.

The device is intended to determine the probability distributions of the amplitudes of pulsed signals, which are pulses of electromagnetic radiation, resulting from lightning strikes (for example), and characterizing the distribution of lightning power. In addition to determining the general distribution of the probabilities of the amplitudes of the pulses of all lightning, regardless of the distance of the lightning from the measuring device, the device allows one to obtain partial distributions of the amplitudes of the signals from lightning in a number of zones: the first zone has sizes from 0 to RL second - from RI to RS, etc. K-zone - from Rk-1 to Rk. Thus, the first zone is circular and the rest circular. The device makes it possible to determine the probability distribution of lightning amplitudes over zones with arbitrary sizes and with an arbitrary number of zones.

The device operates in two modes: zone size setting mode and operating mode.

In the zone size setting mode, binary codes corresponding to RI values (zone sizes) are calculated in registers 39 of block 13, which are calculated from the ratio Ri (ti fr) / V3, where li is the radius of the corresponding zone, fr is the pulse repetition rate from the generator 22 devices, V3 is the speed of sound Before recording, the counter 44 is set to the reset signal to the zero state (the reset signal is not shown in FIG. 1), the zero code from its output sets a single signal at the first output of the decoder 45, opening register 39i for recording to the inputs 29 is served RI code then a clock pulse is applied to clock input 30, according to which the 5 RI code is written into register 39h and the counter 44 is charged with some delay, preparing the record, the next register 392. Thus, the values of the zones are written to all registers 39

0 After setting the boundaries of all zones, the installation mode is completed and the device after a general reset of nodes 7, 8,9,12,26 (38) is ready for operation in the main mode (general reset circuits are not shown).

5 Thus, in the initial state, triggers 7–9, counter 12 and counters 38 are in the zero state.

The pulse caused by the electromagnetic field of lightning from the input 27 of the device

0 arrives at the input of the threshold element 1, at the output of which, when the input pulse exceeds the threshold value, a positive potential is formed, on the leading edge of which it is triggered

5, shaper 3, and sets trigger 7 to a single state. The duration of the pulse from the output of the driver 3 is selected so that the pulse ends before the trigger 7 is in a single state, to prevent the same pulse from setting the trigger 8 in a single state. The pulse from the threshold element 1 passes through the open positive signal from the inverse

5 of the output of the yet to be set, the single state of the trigger 7, the key 19m is supplied to the driver 4, and then to the driver 5 In total, blocks 4 and 5 determine the pulse duration from the output

0 of trigger 9, which controls the interval of operation of peak detector 14. The signal from driver 4 sets trigger 9 to one state, and the signal from driver 5 returns it to zero state, which controls the part of the lightning pulse that is analyzed in the peak detector . During the single state of the trigger 9, the key 20 is opened and a lightning pulse is supplied to the information input of the peak detector, in which the maximum amplitude value of this pulse is determined. An analog-to-digital converter converts this value into a digital code

5After installing trigger 7 in unit

the state is opened by the And 11 element and the clock generator 22 is started, the pulses from the output of which through the And 11 element go to the input of the counter 12 The contents of the counter 12, which are increased by the pulses from the generator 22, are proportional to the delay time of the thunder pulse relative to the lightning pulse; the device is waiting for a thunder pulse.

The thunder pulse in the form of an electrical signal (sensors that convert electromagnetic and acoustic signals into electrical signals are not shown in the drawings) is fed to the input 28 of the device. When the threshold is exceeded, threshold element 2 is triggered, at the output of which a pulse is generated, the duration of which is equal to the maximum possible real duration of the thunder pulse (for example, 20 s) and is fed to the input of key 21, opened by a single signal from the inverse output of trigger 8, and then through the driver pulses 6 to the input of the OR element 15, setting the trigger 7 to the zero state and prohibiting the passage of clock pulses to the counter 12. The same pulse goes to the inputs of the elements And 36 blocks 26 and opens them. Signals from the outputs of code converter 13 are received at the second inputs of AND 36 elements. At any time, only one of these signals opens the corresponding And 36 element, depending on whether the contents of counter 12 are in the corresponding zone, which corresponds to a certain zone of lightning distance, and of its output, the enable signal is fed to the control input of the decoder 37, to the information inputs of which the signal from the output of block 23 is received. As a result, a single signal appears at the output of the decoder 37 of the corresponding amp a tester analyzer 26, whose number corresponds to the code from the output of block 23 The number of outputs of the decoder 37 is determined by the number of gradations of lightning pulse amplitudes distinguished by the device and is the same for all blocks 26 The signal from the output of the decoder 37 incriminates the content of the corresponding counter 38 of this block 26 Thus, in blocks 26 and counters 38, the probability distribution over distances to lightnings and amplitudes of lightning pulses is recorded.

The delay element 18 is designed to eliminate double recording, that is, its parameter is selected so that at the time of recording in one of the counters 38, the counter 12 is reliably set

After recording, the pulse from the output 34, delayed by the delay element 24, through the OR element 16, the counter 12 is set to its initial, zero state, and the peak detector 14 is reset. The device is ready to receive and process the next pulse.

If after a lightning impulse, an impulse

thunder was weak and did not trigger

element 2, registration does not occur.

Moreover, the counter 12, the account module of which

determined from the relation

(I / V3) + rrpmax M Tg,

where M is the counting module of the counter 12, the maximum length of the thunder pulse, I is the maximum distance to the lightning recorded by the device (the upper boundary of the last, Kth zone), reaches the maximum content value, according to which

the decoder 17 is triggered, and its output pulse through the elements OR 15 and 16 sets the blocks 7, 8, 12 and 14 to their original state.

Similar to blocks 26, the amplitude

analyzer 25 records the distribution of the amplitudes of the lightning pulses irrespective of the distance to the lightning.

The device provides protection against fixing incorrect results that

are possible in the following situations: when a second lightning occurs before the device receives a thunder signal from the first, when the second lightning is so close that the thunder signal comes from it earlier

thunder signal from the first lightning. Protecting the device from such situations works as follows.

If before the end of the processing of the thunder signal from some lightning, a signal from another lightning (or several lightnings) arrived, then the key 19 is closed by a zero signal from the inverse output of trigger 7; in addition, the And 10 element fires, setting the trigger 8 to a single state, thereby closing the key 21, not letting thunder signals (possibly false) into the thunder channel, and preventing the recording of possible false signals. The signal from the element And 10 is reset counter 12 and the detector 14 through

element OR 16. Counter 12 continues to count from zero to the maximum value, realizing a protective time interval during which the probability of mixing the results from various

lightning and fixing false information In this interval, other lightning signals again reset it to its original state. If the protection interval ends, the decoder 17 is activated and the device is restored to its original state.

Code Converter 13 works as follows

The current contents of the counter 12 are supplied to the inputs of all blocks of comparison 40. On

the output of the comparator 40, a positive signal is generated when the code from the output of the counter 12 is less than or equal to the code from the output of the corresponding register 39. Thus, when the content of the counter 12 is zero, the outputs of all blocks 40 are single signals that are supplied to the corresponding elements 41; at the initial moment, all the And 42 elements are closed, and only the signal at the output 33i has a single value. After the counter crosses the border RI by the counter code, a zero signal is generated at the output of block 40i, opening through AND element 41g the AND element 42a; a positive signal is generated at the output of ЗЗг, while at the outputs 331 and ЗЗз-ЗЗк, zero signals are generated, that is, block 262 is turned on to work in this distance interval. Similarly, when the contents of counter 12 are built up, the signals of successive outputs are sequentially generated 33 of block 13, and at any time there is a single signal at one of the outputs 33.

Thus, the device allows fixing the probability distribution of the amplitudes of pulse signals in an arbitrary number of zones with arbitrary parameters (boundaries), and implements protection against registration of false information, which expands its field of application and increases the reliability of operation.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A device for determining probability distributions of pulse signal amplitudes, comprising two pulse shapers, a first trigger, two elements I. a first group of AND elements, a clock generator, a counter decoder, groups of counters and a first threshold block, the input of which is an input for setting information about lightning flashes of the device, and the output through the first pulse shaper is connected to the S-input of the first trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the first inputs of the first and second elements And, in the output is connected to the counter input of the counter, the output of which is connected to the decoder input, characterized in that, in order to increase accuracy, two pulse shapers, three keys, two triggers, a peak detector, two delay elements, an analog-to-digital converter, are introduced into it a group of decoders, a second group of AND elements, a group of threshold blocks, a group of NOT elements, two OR elements and a second threshold block, the input of which is an input for setting information about the thunder, and the output is connected to the information input of the first key whose output through the second the pulse shaper is connected to the first input of the first OR element, to the input of the first delay element and through the second delay element to the first inputs of the 5 elements of the first group, each output of which is connected respectively to the enable input of the subsequent group decoder, the outputs of each group decoder are connected to the counting inputs of the corresponding counters of the group of the same name, the outputs of the group counters and the GCHO of the first threshold block of the group are the outputs of the device, the output of the first pulse shaper is connected a second input 5 of the first AND element, whose output is connected to the first input of the second OR element and to the S-input of the second trigger, whose inverse output is connected to the control input of the first key, direct output 0 of the first trigger is connected to the start input of the clock generator, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second AND element, the output of the counter is connected to the inputs of the decoder and threshold blocks 5 groups, the output of each of which, except the last one, is connected to the input of the same element of the NOT group, the output of the first threshold block is connected to the second input of the first element AND of the first group, the outputs of all threshold arcs, except the first, are connected to the first inputs of the same elements AND of the second group, the output of each element of the NOT group is connected to the inputs of the same name and all 5 subsequent element AND of the second goppy, the decoder output is connected to the second inputs of the second and first elements OR, the output of which is connected to the R-inputs of the second and first triggers, inverse output 0 which is disconnected from the control input of the second key, the information input of which is connected to the output of the first threshold block, and the output through the third pulse shaper is connected to the S-input of the third trigger and to the input of the fourth pulse shaper, the output of which is connected to the R + input of the third trigger, the direct output of which is connected to the control input of the third key, information 0 the input of which is connected to the input of the job information about the lightning flashes of the device, and the output is connected to the information input of the peak detector, the output of which is connected to the input of the analog-to-digital transform of 5 bodies, the output of which is connected to the information inputs of the group decoders, the output of the first delay element is connected to the second input the second OR element, the output of which is connected to the reset inputs of the counter and peak detector oj W.2 Zj