RU178259U1 - The power unit of tractors of traction class 1.4 with an integrated starter-generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The tractor power unit contains an internal combustion engine 1, clutch 3, gearbox 2, electric machine 4, rotor position sensor 5. (Fig. 1). An electric machine, located between the internal combustion engine and the clutch, ensures the start of the engine and electric power on-board network of the tractor. The lined gear rotor 12 is located on the flywheel 13 (Fig. 3). Power transmitted in both directions reaches 8 kW. The starter-generator replaces on tractors of traction class 1.4 (for example, tractors of the MTZ, LGZ models) the generator and starter, as well as the starting internal combustion engine. The power source in the motor mode are the battery 9 and the energy-intensive capacitor 8 (Fig. 2). The proposed design of the starter-generator set in tractors ensures the optimal thermal regime of the electric machine using coolant circulating through the annular groove (Fig. 5) in the spacer body 10 of the stator 11 (Fig. 3), as well as damping the torsional vibrations of the ICE crankshaft and electric drive of tractor units.

Description

The tractor’s electrical energy source is a generator set consisting of a generator with its auxiliary devices.

In domestic and foreign tractor manufacturing, electric starter starting systems with a rated voltage of 12 and 24 V and starting systems with an auxiliary gas engine are used.

Without external means of facilitating the ignition and combustion of fuel, tractor diesel engines can be launched mainly at temperatures up to minus 5 ° C, with an electric starter starting system and up to minus 15-20 ° C with a starting system with a gasoline starting engine.

The main indicator characterizing the starting qualities of a diesel engine should be called the power that is necessary for starting.

Starting the main engine with the help of an auxiliary gas engine is used on many diesels. This start-up system is reliable in all temperature conditions, but its maintenance and operation during start-up is more complicated than in the case of start-up by electric starter.

It is known from the prior art that starting a tractor engine at a temperature below zero using an electric starter is not sufficiently reliable due to the rapid discharge of batteries [B.A. Vzorov A.V. Adamovich, A.G. Arabyan et al. Tractor diesels: Reference book / ed. Edited by B.A. Vzorova - M: Mechanical Engineering, 1981. - 535 s].

With the relatively low efficiency of traditional generators, it is impossible to satisfy the growing needs for tractors and its systems. An integrated starter-generator [I.Yu. Bunakov. Combined starter generator systems (review) // Youth and Science. International Agricultural Scientific Journal. - 2013, - No. 2. - S. 23-28.].

The closest analogue to the claimed utility model is described in DE 2221161. A power unit for vehicles comprising an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a gearbox transmitting drive force to drive wheels of a vehicle. In this case, the input shaft of the gearbox has the possibility of kinematic connection with the ICE shaft, as well as an electric machine, which has the possibility of kinematic connection through an intermediate box with the main gearbox and has the ability to switch to the electric motor-starter mode to start the internal combustion engine and to supply electrical energy to the onboard network . A significant drawback of this technical solution is the presence of an intermediate box and a controlled clutch, which complicates the design.

There are many different starter-generators designed for transport, using a non-contact asynchronous machine (AM), powered by a voltage inverter in the transport, partly because it does not require a change in the layout of individual components (engine, gearbox, etc.).

Patent RU 2150602 describes a starter-generator installed in a regular place of the starter, which does not require a change in the layout of individual engine and gearbox assemblies, the rotor shaft of which is connected to the drive gear of the planetary gearbox, and the output shaft of the planetary gearbox is connected to the crown of the engine's flywheel using drive gears . The disadvantage of this design is the presence of an additional drive, which complicates the design.

US Pat. No. 4,883,973 A discloses an asynchronous starter-generator connected to a transistor voltage inverter, a planetary gearbox, the output shaft of which is connected to the ICE shaft by a belt drive. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low reliability of the belt drive.

The technical result is achieved by a tractor power unit containing an internal combustion engine, a clutch and a gearbox transmitting drive force to the driving wheels of the tractor, an electric machine located between the engine block and the clutch, while the rotor of the electric machine mounted on the flywheel is kinematically connected to the crankshaft the motor shaft and the input shaft of the gearbox with the possibility of starting the engine in the electric motor mode, and providing electric energy to the consumers of the truck ora as a generator, the electrical machine has a liquid cooled internal combustion engine by means of a cooling fluid circulating through the annular groove in the housing, the stator spacer.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, which do not cover and, moreover, do not limit the entire scope of the claims of this technical solution, but are only illustrative materials of a particular case of execution:

In FIG. 1 diagram of the power unit of the tractor traction class 1, 4.

In FIG. 2 functional block diagram of the starter-generator device.

In FIG. 3 installation diagram of an electric machine starter-generator device.

In FIG. 4 construction of the spacer body (main view).

In FIG. 5 construction of the spacer body (cross section).

The tractor power unit contains an internal combustion engine, a clutch and a gearbox transmitting drive force to the driving wheels of the tractor, an electric machine located between the engine block and the clutch, characterized in that the rotor of the electric machine mounted on the flywheel is kinematically connected to the crankshaft of the engine and the input shaft of the gearbox with the ability to ensure the start of the internal combustion engine in the electric motor mode, and to provide electric power to the tractor consumers in the generator mode.

The proposed design of the power unit of tractors of traction class 1, 4 contains an internal combustion engine 1 (Fig. 1), gearbox 2, clutch 3, transmitting drive force to the drive wheels of the tractor, an electric machine 4 located between the engine cylinder block and the clutch and a position sensor rotor 5 mounted in the bow of the engine on the crankshaft.

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering and transport and relates, in particular, to electrical equipment of internal combustion engines of tractor power units. It can be used on tractors of traction class 1.4 to start internal combustion engines and generate electrical energy for the needs of the on-board network, a two-level voltage of 12-14 V and 36-42 V. The functional block diagram of the starter-generator device (SSU) is shown in FIG. . 2. The structure of the SSU includes an electric machine 4, a power energy converter 6, a control unit 7.

Moreover, the power converter and induction motor can be included in the overall liquid cooling circuit of the engine.

The electric machine performs the functions of a starter-generator, the power voltage converter ensures its operation in the starter and generator modes, and supports the voltage of the on-board network at two levels of 14 and 42 V. In the starter mode, the battery 9 and the energy-intensive capacitor 8 provide power.

In FIG. 3 shows the layout of an electric machine between the engine and the tractor clutch. The stator of the electric machine 11 is installed in the spacer body 10, which in turn is attached to the engine block. The rotor 12 of the electric motor is mounted on the flywheel 13 ", which simultaneously performs not only the functions of its promotion, but also the fly mass [Aliev A.Ya., Aliev S.A., Izberov P.M. Integrated starter-generator for energy-efficient vehicles. // Automotive industry. - 2015. - No. 10. - S. 14-15].

The adopted layout allows you to transfer significant power in both directions and implement the damping function of the torsional vibrations of the crankshaft at low speeds, which significantly reduces the noise and vibration of the internal combustion engine.

The place chosen to place the starter-generator on the internal combustion engine is not the best according to the working conditions: high temperature, dustiness, including abrasive products of clutch disc wear. For this reason, they refused to use an electric machine with a collector. Permanent magnet valve machines are more suitable for this purpose, but they have a high cost.

Therefore, as an electric machine, a reactive induction motor is proposed - a synchronous contactless electric machine. It has a number of undoubted advantages: a lined gear rotor without a winding, the losses in which, as you know, are minimal; multiphase stator winding made in the form of separate concentric coils without crossing the frontal parts, which simplifies the design, increases the manufacturability of production and increases its reliability in operation [M.L. Kostyrev, A.I. Skorospeshkin. Autonomous synchronous generators with valve excitation. - M: Energoatomizdat, 1993, - 160 s].

The advantage of the proposed design of the SSU, placed between the engine and the clutch of the power unit, is the possibility of using an electric machine to start the internal combustion engine, which in this case is switched on in the electric motor mode, and during the operation of the internal combustion engine it switches to the generating mode, providing power to the electrical system.

In addition, combining the starter and generator in one single unit can significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing and assembling such a design, which is an advantage in terms of production costs by replacing the generator and starter, and on some tractors, a starting piston engine.

To ensure the optimal thermal regime of the proposed electric machine, it is necessary to use liquid cooling, which can be realized by connecting it to the liquid cooling system of the internal combustion engine. The circulation takes place through an annular groove (Fig. 5) of the stator housing spacer 10 (Fig. 4) made of an aluminum alloy.

The integrated starter-generator set with microprocessor control has the functionality of the combined improvement of the engine and tractor:

- provides a high starting torque and efficient starting of a tractor diesel;

- generates multilevel electric energy with voltage of 12 and 42 V for all consumers, developing electric power up to 8 kW;

- performs the functions of electromagnetic damping of torsional vibrations of the internal combustion engine shaft;

- ensuring the optimal thermal regime of the electric machine through the use of a spacer body 10 that allows cooling of the stator 11 due to the circulation of fluid from the internal combustion engine cooling system.

Claims (1)

The tractor power unit contains an internal combustion engine, a clutch and a gearbox transmitting drive force to the driving wheels of the tractor, an electric machine located between the engine block and the clutch, characterized in that the rotor of the electric machine mounted on the flywheel is kinematically connected to the crankshaft of the engine and the input shaft of the gearbox with the possibility of starting the engine in the mode of the electric motor and providing electric energy to the consumers of the tractor in the generator mode, etc. than the electric machine has a water-cooled internal combustion engine by means of a cooling fluid circulating through the annular groove in the housing, the stator spacer.

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