RU178196U1 - Load limiter - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to hoisting and transporting equipment and can be used on hoisting cranes and hoists to protect them from overloads and tipping over when lifting loads. The load limiter of the load-lifting machine contains a control unit based on a microcontroller with a built-in recorder of parameters of the load-lifting machine, sensors of measured or controlled parameters of the load-lifting machine, a port for wiring the control unit to a personal computer via USB and a switch to put the limiter into the “Setup” mode. The control unit includes a housing provided with a cover with a seal, and an electronic board located in the housing on which the elements of the control unit are installed. The port for wiring the control unit to the computer is made with a USB connector located outside the control unit case. The block part of the socket for connecting sensors, made with additional contacts for connecting the contacts of the USB connector to them, is installed on the control unit housing. The switch for putting the limiter into the “Setting” mode is made in the form of a reed switch operating on a short circuit under the action of a permanent magnet and mounted on the electronic board of the control unit near the wall of the housing. Opposite the reed switch, a removable permanent magnet holder is fixed on the outer surface of the housing wall, and the housing and the removable permanent magnet holder are made of non-magnetic material. The technical result is an increase in the reliability of the limiter. 4 s.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs.

 The utility model relates to hoisting and transporting equipment and can be used on hoisting cranes and hoists to protect them from overloads and tipping over when lifting loads.

State of the art

Safety and security devices and devices are widely used in hoisting and transporting equipment, which protect hoists and hoisting cranes from overloads and tipping over when lifting loads, from contact with surrounding objects, and also to inform the driver about the condition of the hoisting machine and the position of its working equipment, including for light and sound alarms about an overload or other critical situation, while, as a rule, hoisting-and-transport equipment is operated in very harsh conditions, with shennoy vibration and weight of external influences - a large range of ambient temperature changes, humidity, rain, snow, ice, etc., which imposes its own requirements for safety equipment and devices Lifting machines..

Known limiter limit load OPG-1 Arzamas Electromechanical Plant, designed for installation on hoists (towers) of various types to protect them from overloads when lifting loads, as well as for light and sound alarm about overload lifts. The limiter contains a control unit, to which four primary information sensors are connected via an adder (compressive force sensors installed between the raised floor and the main floor of the cradle). A warning indicator light and an audible warning device are connected to one of the control unit outputs, and an alarm indicator light and a cradle lift drive are connected to the other. The control unit includes a housing equipped with a cover with a seal to protect the cavity of the housing from external influences, and an electronic board located in the housing on which the elements of the control unit are mounted. The indicators are located on the case cover, and the following are installed on the case side wall: connector for connecting the adder; a connector for supplying power from the onboard network of the elevator and connecting to the control unit of the drive for lifting the cradles; and a window closed by the screw for fastening the sealing cup for access to the button for setting the limiter threshold (Limit load limiter OPG-1-20. Operation manual LGFI.408844.011-09 RE, Http: www.nppego.com).

This design of the limiter, despite its simplicity, has several disadvantages, namely:

- there is no parameters recorder, tied to a real-time clock, necessary for calculating the remaining lifespan of the elevator and investigating the causes of a possible accident;

- the possibility of moisture entering the housing through the access window to the button and, as a result, failure of the control unit in harsh operating conditions of the elevator;

- the impossibility of introducing temperature coefficients in the case of replacing the outgoing force sensor.

Also known is a load crane of a crane containing a control unit based on a microcontroller located in the housing, to which a device for visually displaying information, an audible alarm module and a crane parameters recorder are connected, equipped with an infrared radiation transceiver for wireless communication with a telemetry information reader, crane parameters sensors, including at least one force sensor connected to the control unit using a combined abelnoy link including a data communication line and a power line, and an output connected to the microcontroller device including a switch actuating and supply unit. The control unit includes a housing provided with a cover with a seal, and an electronic board located in the housing on which the elements of the control unit are installed. Connectors for connecting sensors and an output device are installed on the side wall of the housing. Switching to the limiter setting mode is carried out by pressing and holding the “Setup” button, which is located on the front panel of the button keyboard and in the limiter operation mode is closed by a cover that fastens with screws to the keyboard board (RU 133820 U1, В66С 13/16, 10.27.013).

This design of the limiter, despite the presence of a crane parameters recorder, also has a number of disadvantages, namely:

- the impossibility of transmitting a large amount of data when reading information from the crane parameter logger due to the low exchange rate inherent in the infrared transceiver;

- the need to develop and manufacture a telemetry information reader for transferring data to a personal computer;

- the inability to read information from the parameter logger when the window is transparent to infrared rays in harsh operating conditions of the crane.

The closest to the claimed utility model in terms of the elements is the load limiter of the jib crane ОНК-160С produced by the Arzamas Electromechanical Plant (Load limiter of the jib crane ОНК-160С. Operation manual NPKU.408844.026-04 РЭ, http://onk.nppego.com/ onkbase / 160c / re05.pdf). The limiter contains an information display unit (control unit) based on a microcontroller with a built-in crane parameter recorder, a crane rotary controller, to which sensors of measured or controlled crane parameters are connected, a USB port for connecting to a PC control unit via USB and a switch for translation the limiter to the "Setup" mode, made in the form of a button installed on the front panel of the button keyboard of the limiter. The control unit includes a housing provided with a cover with a seal, and an electronic board located in the housing on which the elements of the control unit are installed. A cord comes out of the case connecting it to the controller of the rotary part. To the left of the harness in the lower part of the body is a hole plug through which access is made to the USB connector, through which the microcontroller of the control unit is programmed and the full amount of information is read from the built-in crane parameter recorder. The programming of the limiter device for use as part of a specific crane model is carried out by the manufacturer of the limiter, the supplier of the limiter device or the manufacturer of the crane, or a specialized enterprise carrying out commissioning of the limiter. The limiter is controlled by a program stored in the memory of the microcontroller. The software includes a test routine, a setup routine, and a work program.

This design, despite the presence of a high-speed USB port, has the following disadvantages:

- the limiter switches to the “Settings” mode by pressing and holding the “Settings” button, which is located on the front panel of the button keyboard and in the “Operation” mode is closed by a cover that fastens with screws to the keyboard board. To enter the limiter setting mode, at least one screw must be unscrewed. At the same time, moisture can enter the hole without a screwed-in screw, and when loosening and screwing the screws that fasten this cover, loosening of the screw tightening is possible, which can also lead to depressurization of the limiter housing;

- under the flat cover that closes the “Setup” button, if you wish, you can stick in foreign objects and allow unauthorized access to the “Setup” mode, which is fraught with an emergency, and the USB connector inside the limiter case under the plug makes it impossible to fill the case with a special gel for protection elements of the electronic board with the elements of the control unit installed on it from external adverse factors, which is especially important when operating this limiter outside eny, a wide range of temperatures and humidity, as well as when exposed to vibration and shock restrictor during operation of the crane.

Disclosure of a utility model The task to which the proposed utility model is directed is the development of a load limiter for a load-lifting machine, the design of which provides the ability to configure the limiter and read the full amount of information from the built-in parameter recorder of the load-lifting machine without violating the tightness of the control unit housing. Another problem the real utility model is aimed at is to create a load limiter for a load-lifting machine with increased resistance to vibration and shock and increased protection of the control unit elements from environmental influences.

The solution of the tasks and the achievement of the technical result is ensured by the fact that in the load limiter of the lifting machine, which contains a control unit based on a microcontroller with a built-in recorder of the parameters of the lifting machine, sensors of measured or controlled parameters of the lifting machine, a port for wiring the control unit to a personal computer via USB and a switch for putting the limiter into the "Setup" mode, while the control unit includes a housing a cover with a seal, and an electronic board located in the housing on which the control unit elements are installed, according to a utility model, the port for wiring the control unit to a personal computer via USB is made with a USB connector located outside the control unit case, while the control unit case has a block part of the connector for connecting these sensors, made with additional contacts for connecting the contacts of the USB connector to them, a switch for translating An indicator in the “Setting” mode is made in the form of a reed switch operating on a short circuit under the action of a permanent magnet and mounted on an electronic circuit board of the control unit near the case wall, opposite the reed switch on the outer surface of the case wall there is a removable permanent magnet holder, and the case and a removable permanent magnet holder made of non-magnetic material.

The achievement of the technical result is also facilitated by the private essential features of the utility model.

The permanent magnet holder is made cylindrical with a socket on its end surface facing the wall surface of the control unit housing in which the permanent magnet is fixed, and is equipped with a flange with two diametrically arranged smooth holes for screw fasteners, and the control unit housing is equipped with an intermediate a flat element made with a central hole for a removable permanent magnet holder and two threaded holes for removable holder mounting permanent magnet on the intermediate element.

The limiter is equipped with an adapter for connecting to the control unit of a personal computer through the block part of the connector for connecting these sensors.

The cavity of its body is filled with a hydrophobic dielectric.

As a hydrophobic dielectric, a frostproof dielectric gel is used.

The technical result obtained when using the utility model is to increase the reliability of the limiter.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1, 2 and 3 are functional diagrams of the proposed load limiter of the hoisting machine in the "Operation" mode, in the "Setup" mode and in the "Read information from the built-in crane parameters recorder" mode, respectively; in FIG. 4 - design of the control unit in the "Work" mode (without housing cover); in FIG. 5 is a view A in FIG. four; in FIG. 6 - design of the control unit in the "Setup" mode (without housing cover); in FIG. 7 - adapter in plan for connecting sensors and a personal computer to the control unit; in FIG. 8 is a view B in FIG. 7; in FIG. 9 - connecting sensors and a personal computer to the control unit using a harness.

Implementation of a utility model The load limiter of a lifting machine, in particular a crane, contains: a control unit 1 based on a microcontroller 2 (MK 2), to which a set of 4 sensors of measured or controlled parameters is connected via digital communication line 3 (serial CAN interface bus) loader crane; built-in recorder 5 parameters of the crane (RP 5), equipped with a timer 6 (real-time clock) with an autonomous power supply 7 for linking the recorded parameters to real time, USB port 8 for connecting the control unit 1 to a personal computer 9 via USB interface with using a USB cable 10, and a switch to put the limiter in the "Settings" mode, made in the form of a reed switch 11, working on the circuit under the action of a permanent magnet 12.

The control unit 1 can be equipped with a keyboard, a visual indication module, which includes a display and warning lights (yellow) and alarm (red) and an audible alarm module (not shown in the drawing). The control unit 1 may also have another name, for example, an information-control unit, a digital computer, a computing-control device, an information display unit, etc.

The personal computer 9 is used for programming the microcontroller 2, as well as for monitoring and diagnosing malfunctions in the limiter and reading the full amount of information from the built-in recorder 5 parameters of the crane.

The complex of 4 sensors includes an analog sensor of ambient temperature, digital sensors of effort and angle of inclination of the boom, discrete sensors of configuration of crane equipment. Digital sensors are connected directly to the digital communication line, and analog sensors are connected via controllers (not shown in the drawing). The specific composition of the sensors depends on the particular crane model.

Structurally, the control unit 1 is made in the form of a single electronic unit, which includes a housing 13 of non-magnetic material, equipped with protruding elements beyond it limits in the form of tides 14 for mounting the control unit 1 on the construction of the crane, and a removable cover 15 with a sealing gasket (on not shown).

In the cavity of the housing 13 there is an electronic board 16, on which the limiter elements and a reed switch 11 are mounted near the wall 17 of the housing 13. Opposite the reed switch 11, a removable permanent magnet holder 18 is fixed on the outer surface of the wall 17, and the housing 13 and the removable holder 18 are made of non-magnetic material.

On the wall 17 are also installed: a block part 20 of the connector for connecting the power supply and actuators of the crane, a block part 21 of the connector for connecting a set of 4 sensors of parameters of the crane, and a removable element in the form of a holder 18 of a permanent magnet 19.

The holder 18 is made cylindrical with a socket on its end surface facing the surface of the wall 17 of the housing 13, in which a permanent magnet 19 is fixed, and is equipped with a flange 22 with two diametrically arranged smooth holes for fasteners in the form of screws 23. In this case, the housing 13 is provided with a fixed on its wall 17 with screws 24 an intermediate flat element 25, made annular, with a Central hole for a removable holder 18 of the permanent magnet 19, two diametrically located threaded holes E for detachably mounting flange 22 of the holder 18 of the permanent magnet 19 on the intermediate member 25 by screws 23 and two diametrically located holes for smooth continuous fastening the intermediate member 25 on the outer wall surface 17 of the housing 13 with screws 24. Screws 23 are sealed.

The limiter is equipped with an adapter 26 for connecting to the control unit 1 of the personal computer 9 through the block part 21 of the connector for connecting a set of 4 sensors, and the USB port 8 of the control unit 1 includes a USB connector 27 installed on the adapter 26. Moreover, the block part 21 of the connector for connecting a complex of 4 sensors made with additional contacts for connecting to them the contacts of the USB connector 27. In addition, the adapter 26 has its own block part 28 of the connector for connecting a complex of 4 sensors to the control unit 1 through adapter 26.

Preferably, the cavity of the housing 13 of the control unit 1 is filled with a sealing dielectric compound PKF-68 (not shown in the drawing). The sealing dielectric compound fully meets Russian climatic conditions and, if necessary, can be removed from the limiter housing.

The load limiter of the crane manipulates in the following modes:

1. Setting the limiter;

2. The work of the limiter;

3. Reading information from the built-in recorder 5 parameters of the crane.

To put the limiter into the “Setup” mode, a personal computer 9 is connected to the block part 21 of the connector through an adapter 26 using a USB cable 10, the screws 23 of the mounting of the permanent magnet holder 18 on the intermediate element 25 are loosened and the permanent magnet holder 18 is removed from the fixed to the housing 13 of the control unit 1 of the intermediate flat element 25, causing the transition of the reed switch 11 in the open state. In this case, the output of the microcontroller 2 receives a signal to the Executive unit of the control system of the crane for the resolution of the movements of the crane by closing the output relay of the Executive unit.

Downloading the program is carried out using specialized software on a personal computer 9. The software includes a test routine, a setup routine, and a work program.

The test routine starts after the supply voltage is applied to the limiter.

The "Setting" mode is necessary to bind the limiter to a specific crane. In this mode, the memory of microcontroller 2 is entered:

a) the coefficients for the weight channel (effort, boom angle, etc., depending on the configuration of the sensors), which link the readings of the sensors to the actual parameters of the crane. In this case, the sensors necessary for binding must be connected to the control unit 1 through an adapter 26;

b) data necessary for the registrar of 5 parameters (real time, serial number of the GPM, etc.);

c) various coefficients characterizing the sensors, for example, the temperature coefficient of an analog force sensor.

The work under paragraph a) is possible without a personal computer 9 by closing and opening in a certain sequence of contacts of the reed switch 11 when the holder 18 with magnet 19 is brought up and removed to the reed switch 11.

Consider, for example, setting up a load cell. To set the limiter without a personal computer 9, by removing the holder 18 with the magnet 19 from the case 13, the contacts of the reed switch 11 are opened, while the microcontroller 2 puts the limiter into the "Setting" mode and gives a command for the red LED blinking at a certain frequency, which is in the " Work ”works in non-flashing mode and indicates the supply of supply voltage to the limiter. When holding magnet 19 for a certain time (1 ... 3 seconds) and then removing magnet 19, microcontroller 2 gives a command to work in a flashing yellow LED, which in the "Work" mode starts to glow continuously when the load reaches 90% of the maximum . The operation status of the red and yellow LEDs in a flashing mode means the possibility of entering into the memory of the microcontroller 2 the state of the load sensor at the maximum load on the crane. In this case, the crane is loaded with the corresponding test load. After this, by holding magnet 19 to the reed switch 11 for 1 ... 3 seconds, a continuous glow of the yellow LED is achieved. At this moment, the value of the signal level from the load sensor corresponding to the maximum load of the crane is entered into the memory of microcontroller 2. After that, the microcontroller 2 goes into waiting for the memorization of the signal limiter from the load sensor with the crane fully unloaded. The crane is completely unloaded. Then the contacts of the reed switch 11 are closed with a magnet for 1 ... 3 seconds. The yellow LED turns off. At this moment, the signal level of the load sensor is entered into the limiter memory when the crane is fully unloaded.

If necessary, other sensors are configured in the same way. In this case, a different sequence and duration of the closed and open state of the reed switch is selected, which is ensured by bringing the magnet 12 to the reed switch 11.

To put the limiter in the "Work" mode, disconnect the personal computer 9 from the control unit 1, connect the sensors of the measured or controlled parameters of the manipulator crane to the control unit 1 and fix the holder 18 of the permanent magnet 19 to the intermediate element 25 with screws 23, causing the switch to switch 11 to the closed state (actuation). The screws of the holder 23 must be sealed. At the output of the reed switch 11 there is an information signal supplied to the control input of the microcontroller 2.

The work program is executed after applying voltage to the limiter. After passing the test program, the limiter automatically switches to the "Work" mode. During the operation of the crane, the sensors measure the parameters characterizing the loading and position of the lifting equipment. The values of the operating parameters are transferred to the control unit 1, which, according to the program determined during the design of the limiter and previously recorded in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller 2, compares the actual loading of the crane with the maximum permissible value, and also compares the actual position of the lifting equipment with the zone its permissible provisions, and depending on the results of comparisons, gives a signal to the actuators of the crane for permission or prohibition of certain types of movements of the crane.

To read the full amount of information from the built-in recorder 5 parameters of the manipulator crane, the sensors of the measured or controlled parameters of the manipulator crane are disconnected from the control unit 1, and a personal computer 9 is connected to the block part 21 of the connector for connecting a set of 4 sensors via an adapter 26 and a USB cable 10 Reading information from the built-in recorder 5 parameters of the crane-manipulator is carried out only using a personal computer 9, with pre-installed on it a special program th. The “Reading” mode can be carried out both in the closed state of the reed switch 11 (the holder 18 of the permanent magnet 19 is brought up to the reed switch 11) and in the open state of the reed switch 11. Moreover, the connection of the sensors to the adapter 26 is optional.

The specialist in this field it is clear that there may be various modifications of the proposed limiter without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, determined by the scope of the claims set forth in the utility model formula. In particular, the connection of the control unit 1 with the computer 9 and with the complex of sensors 4 can be performed using a bundle, as shown in FIG. 9, i.e. without adapter 26. In this case, the harness contains the cable part of the connector (connected to the block part 21 of the connector mounted on the control unit body), to the contacts of which the wires of two cables are connected, connecting the control unit via digital communication line 3 to complex 4 sensors and using a USB cable 10 - with computer 9. In addition, despite the fact that the limiter uses a USB port, as the most common on modern personal computers, but another port can be used for wired connection management unit to a personal computer via a standard interface, e.g., RS-232, RS-485, I2C.

Industrial applicability.

The claimed limiter can be manufactured industrially at the instrument-making enterprise using well-known materials, modern electronic components and technologies. The control unit can be performed, for example, based on the device ONK-160M. As sensors of measured or controlled parameters of a lifting machine, you can use specialized sensors used in manufactured devices and security systems, or general industrial sensors of the corresponding design.

Claims (5)

1. The load limiter of the lifting machine, containing a control unit based on a microcontroller with a built-in recorder of parameters of the lifting machine, sensors of measured or controlled parameters of the lifting machine, a port for wiring the control unit to a personal computer via USB and a switch to put the limiter into the “Setup” mode wherein the control unit includes a housing provided with a lid with a seal, and an electronic board located in the housing on which is installed elements of the control unit are introduced, characterized in that the port for wiring the control unit to a personal computer via the USB interface is made with a USB connector located outside the control unit case, while the block part of the connector for connecting these sensors is installed on the control unit case, made with additional contacts for connecting the contacts of the USB connector to them, the switch for putting the limiter into the "Settings" mode is made in the form of a reed switch, working on a short circuit under the action a permanent magnet and a control unit mounted on the electronic board near the housing wall, opposite the reed switch, a removable permanent magnet holder is fixed on the outer surface of the housing wall, and the housing and the removable permanent magnet holder are made of non-magnetic material. 2. The limiter according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet holder is made cylindrical with a socket on its end surface facing the wall surface of the control unit housing in which the permanent magnet is fixed and provided with a flange with two diametrically arranged smooth holes for screw mounting elements, and the control unit housing is equipped with an intermediate flat element fixed to its wall, made with a central hole for a removable permanent magnet holder and two threaded from ERSTU for detachably fastening the permanent magnet holder on the intermediate member. 3. The limiter according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an adapter for connecting to the control unit of a personal computer through the block part of the connector for connecting these sensors. 4. The limiter according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity of its body is filled with a hydrophobic dielectric. 5. The limiter according to claim 4, characterized in that a frost-proof dielectric gel is used as a hydrophobic dielectric.

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