RU177941U1 - Fixed formwork element for precast monolithic floors - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of filling elements for precast monolithic floors. The essence of the utility model is that the element of the permanent formwork of the precast-monolithic floor is made of chipboard and is a series of parallel ridges, each of which has the shape of a trapezoid with two angles of inclination relative to the vertical axis - large in the lower part and smaller in the upper and the side the sides of the ridges are inclined to adjacent ridges so that near the lower part of the ridges they form a monolithic sheet, and there is a distance between the ridges near the upper part. The technical result consists in simplifying the design and increasing the characteristics of the element and the entire floor as a whole. 8 s.p. f-ly, 8 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of prefabricated-monolithic floors. More specifically, the claimed device relates to the filling elements (or element of fixed formwork) for precast monolithic floors.

State of the art

Prefabricated monolithic floors are a class of interfloor ceilings, usually consisting of prefabricated elements (beams, formwork elements) and elements of a monolithic part. Usually, the process of installing such ceilings is the following process:

- In the form of separate elements, prefabricated elements are delivered to the installation site;

- Armpoyas is mounted on supporting structures;

- Beams are mounted on existing supporting structures;

- In the intervals between the beams installed elements of fixed formwork;

- The formed structure is poured with concrete mixture.

Thus, the main advantages of precast-monolithic ceilings are the low consumption of concrete mix, the low consumption of metal for reinforcement, the simplicity of their transportation and the ease of installation - installation can be carried out practically without the involvement of special equipment and in any conditions, as well as for minimal time.

On the other hand, such overlappings also have their drawbacks - due to the design features, such overlappings are less durable than solid monolithic, and also have lower maximum permissible loads. Another problem is the relatively low adhesion of the elements of such an overlap to each other.

Accordingly, the main directions of development of such a technical system - prefabricated-monolithic overlap is the elimination of the above disadvantages and strengthening the above advantages.

Taking into account the fact that neither beams nor casting material, due to the nature of their purpose, have practically no options and ways of modernization, the most important thing is to perform exactly the filling elements (or, also known as fixed formwork elements).

The prior art knows a technical solution revealing filling elements for precast-monolithic ceilings, known from patent FR 2867206 A1, published in 2005. In this solution, it is proposed to use plastic blocks having the shape of a trapezoid, which are installed on a layer of pressed wood (hereinafter chipboard shortness). The preferred characteristics of the filling element are also described — chipboard layer thickness of 1-5 mm, the length of the entire block (the term “panel” is used in this patent, but in the context they are equivalent) of the order of 1.25 m. A similar solution is also described in EP 1997974 A1, published in 2008 - it was proposed there to use polystyrene, or polyurethane, or polyethylene as the material of the blocks. Despite a number of advantages, such as the durability of plastic blocks and their lightness, similar solutions also have significant disadvantages. So, the production of any polymer plastics is not environmentally friendly, and plastics themselves can release toxic materials over time. The use of solid blocks seems ineffective both in terms of their mass and in terms of material consumption. The production technology of such blocks is very laborious.

In the prior art, another approach to the implementation of filling elements is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,527,372 A, published in 1985, as well as similar later patents (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,697,399 A, 1987, US Pat. No. 6,112,482 A, 2000). city, US 6357191 B1, 2002, US 2009188192 A1, 2009, US 9004835 B2, 2015, etc.). This solution proposes the use of steel filling elements having a corrugated surface. This approach has its advantages - steel is an environmentally friendly material, the corrugated surface provides excellent adhesion to the poured concrete - this has a positive effect on strength and durability, and the filling elements made of thin steel sheets and hollow inside ensures their ease in transportation and installation. But despite all the advantages, this approach also has a number of disadvantages that cannot be eliminated. So, the manufacture of such blocks is possible only by stamping, or by casting. Both options are technologically complex, since they require the manufacture of molds for each size of the filling elements. Steel, especially of good quality, is an expensive material. The implementation of sheet steel blocks increases the risk of injury during production, since steel sheets with a thickness of the order of millimeters are very sharp - this increases the requirements for both the personnel performing the assembly and the necessary equipment. Another disadvantage of steel is the difficulty of cutting it at the assembly site - this is often necessary when going around corners or structural elements of future buildings, as well as when working with non-standard floor ceilings, for example, round ones.

Other embodiments of non-removable formwork elements are also known in the art. So, in patent CN 101812885 A, 2010, the use of solid blocks in which cavities are made at the manufacturing stage is proposed, however, such blocks are cumbersome during transportation and also technologically difficult to manufacture. In the decision of patent RU 2011772 C1, 1994, it was proposed to perform on the blocks of roughness and troughs that would hold the reinforcing mesh. However, the blocks themselves are made integral, which leads to significant difficulties in their transportation and installation.

Thus, at the moment, the applicant does not know of such an element of fixed formwork that would be environmentally friendly and light both in weight and in the manufacturing process and which would have characteristics that provide both ease of installation and high strength of the final floor.

Utility Model Essence

The objective of the utility model was to eliminate the disadvantages of the known prior art.

The technical result that is achieved by using the claimed utility model is to increase the reliability of the floor structure when using the claimed element of fixed formwork without complicating the installation and manufacturing of the element of fixed formwork and without the need for hard-to-reach (expensive) or non-environmentally friendly materials.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that:

An element of fixed formwork of precast-monolithic overlapping, characterized by the execution of chipboard and representing a series of parallel ridges, each of which has the shape of a trapezoid with two angles of inclination relative to the vertical axis - large in the lower part and smaller in the upper, the lateral sides of the ridges are inclined to adjacent ridges so that near the lower part of the ridges form a monolithic sheet, and near the upper part between the ridges there is a distance.

The element described above is also characterized in that a spike is made on the upper surface of the ridges to provide a protective layer of concrete under the metal mesh.

The crests on the element of fixed formwork serve as secondary ribs, reduce the thickness of the monolithic part and, due to this, allow you to save the amount of concrete mix when installing precast-monolithic overlap.

The element described above is also characterized in that it has linear dimensions: height 90 mm, width 540 mm, length 1200 mm and weight 5.2 kg.

The element described above is also characterized in that it has linear dimensions: height 130 mm, width 540 mm, length 1200 mm and weight 6.1 kg.

The element described above is also characterized in that it has linear dimensions: height 170 mm, width 540 mm, length 1200 mm and weight 6.4 kg.

The element described above, also characterized in that it has hollow guides at an angle of 30 °.

The element described above, also characterized in that it has hollow guides at an angle of 45 °.

The element described above, also characterized in that it has hollow guides at an angle of 60 °.

The element described above is also characterized in that it has a strength of at least 150 kg of concentrated load.

The essence of the utility model is that the element of the permanent formwork of the precast-monolithic floor is made of chipboard and is a series of parallel ridges, each of which has the shape of a trapezoid with two angles of inclination relative to the vertical axis - large in the lower part and smaller in the upper and the side the sides of the ridges are inclined to adjacent ridges so that near the lower part of the ridges they form a monolithic sheet, and there is a distance between the ridges near the upper part.

The above features and advantages of the claimed utility model, as well as ways and means of their implementation with the achievement of the claimed technical result will become more clear and understandable after reading the detailed description of the utility model and examples of its implementation with reference to the figures of the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 - Image of the structure of the elements of fixed formwork.

FIG. 2 - A preferred embodiment of fixed formwork elements.

FIG. 3 - An alternative embodiment of fixed formwork elements.

FIG. 4 - An alternative embodiment of fixed formwork elements.

FIG. 5 - Figure illustrating the use of the claimed elements.

FIG. 6 - Figure illustrating the use of the claimed elements.

FIG. 7 - Embodiments of beams for use with the claimed elements.

FIG. 8 - Figure illustrating the use of the claimed elements.

Utility Model Embodiments

The system of precast-monolithic ceilings, based on the claimed utility model, consists of (Fig. 1) support beams 1, filling elements of fixed formwork 2, poured material (concrete) 3, reinforcing mesh 4 on which protruding elements 5. Filling elements can be made 2 on their upper surface have protrusions 6 for holding the mesh 4. The elements 2 themselves have a trapezoid shape with a variable inclination of the faces - in the area of the lower part of the face 7 they have a slope with an angle relative to the central axis greater than face 8 in the area of the upper h STI. Inside the filling elements are made hollow. Fixed formwork elements made of pressed wood. Each fixed formwork element preferably has hollow guides for common cutting angles (30 °, 45 ° and 60 °).

The implementation of filling elements of fixed formwork from chipboard is seen today as the most promising. Chipboard is an affordable and environmentally friendly material that is a natural waste of any woodworking industry. Thus, this material is cheap and affordable. Due to the fact that the panels are easily sawn from chipboard, the processing of such material is much simpler than the processing of steel sheets or even plastics.

As a result of long surveys, it was found that it is the proposed form of filling elements that is optimal. This is due to the balance achieved between the strength during installation and the fulfillment of its direct formwork function on the one hand, as well as ease of transportation and significant savings in concrete, on the other hand. So, in comparison with any complete blocks, the claimed form has a huge advantage - when adding the declared filling elements for transportation to each other, their upper parts will enter the lower parts of the elements lying on top due to the structure. Due to this, folded in a stack of 10 declared filling elements will have a stack height not much higher than the height of one element. In practical implementation and testing, it was found that 70 to 120 filling elements are included in one euro-pallet, depending on the embodiment of the filling elements themselves. This is significantly more than for any blocks (for example, of foam concrete), even if the latter have cavities inside. Moreover, due to the shape of the trapezoid, as well as design features, the claimed form has significantly greater strength than the sometimes used flat chipboard panels. Features of the form - the presence of crests - allow you to save a significant part of the concrete without loss in the final characteristics.

A flat surface on the top of the filling elements is necessary to place elements holding the metal mesh on it. Such elements should be protrusions on the surface of the chipboard and can be made in various ways (embodiments are visible in Fig. 2-4, Fig. 6 and Fig. 8). In another embodiment, in the upper part of the elements there is a special spike to maintain the reinforcing mesh of the monolithic plate at the desired level. This is important because this tenon allows you to form a protective layer of concrete under the mesh. The grid performs a distribution function, that is, it distributes the load between the edges of the precast-monolithic overlap. The presence of a mesh increases the strength of the structure.

The declared filling elements of fixed formwork can be used in combination with beams of various shapes. In a preferred embodiment, these are (see Fig. 7) prestressed concrete beams of an inverted "T" -shaped shape. The shape of the inverted letter “T” is optimal, since the edge parts of the elements of the fixed formwork (see Fig. 6) conveniently stand on the lower side parts of the beam, while the concrete is formed when pouring concrete, and due to the tilt angles of the side parts of the filling element, the load with the filling elements are redistributed to the beams and the entire structure evenly. For specific sizes of filling elements and depending on the task at a particular object, beams of a form with an inverted “T” of various options can be applied (preferred sizes of beams are shown in Fig. 7). At the same time, T-shaped beams, although preferred, are not the only ones possible. For a specialist on the basis of the present description, the possibility of using other beams will be obvious. Beams can be reinforced with reinforcement (the reinforcement can be seen in Fig. 5). At the same time, this application does not seek legal protection for prestressed beams - their description is provided solely for a better understanding of the essence of this utility model. In this case, such a description of the beams also shows the importance of the described form of the elements of the fixed formwork.

A very significant property of the claimed elements of fixed formwork is the choice of material and the thickness of the sheets. The execution of the elements from relatively thin sheets of chipboard allows you to easily adjust the shape of the elements in place using extremely simple hand tools (see examples in Fig. 8). This makes it possible, in particular, to easily “bypass” elements of internal communications, such as pipes or electric cables, and also, if necessary, “bypass” the through supports of buildings. Also, the ability to adjust the shape of the elements in place and the ability to easily and evenly trim their ends using only standard hand tools and allow you to use the declared elements of fixed formwork when creating floors in buildings of "irregular" shape, for example, round or other similar ones. Also, due to the above-described properties, there is a variation in placement in situations where it is not possible to cover the entire required surface with integral filling elements (see Fig. 6). The declared strength of the elements of fixed formwork is preferably not less than 150 kg of concentrated load, which allows the installer to be on already installed floor elements during the installation of the subsequent ones. The high strength of pressed wood elements allows them to be trimmed in any direction under construction conditions and rested on beams with either the whole or the trimmed side. The cut off part is suitable for further use if its length is more than 200 mm.

When installing hollow blocks of fixed formwork (filling elements), the problem of concrete leakage in the cavity always arises. In this case, there may be an excess of the mass of the pouring material and, accordingly, an excess of the load on the ceiling over the calculated, design indicators. To avoid this, special plugs may be used with the claimed utility model (see Fig. 5). In this case, the term “special” should unambiguously mean an element - a stub having a shape corresponding to the internal form of the filling elements. Depending on the size of the elements of the fixed formwork itself, the required shape of the plug can be easily determined. This application does not claim protection for the form or execution of the plug - its description is provided solely for the purpose of understanding the fundamental possibility of using this utility model, as well as the simplicity of the implementation of plugs and elimination of concrete leakage due to the shape of the described elements of fixed formwork.

Depending on the project, it is preferable to use fine-grained concrete of a class not lower than B25 for the erection of the ceiling, the maximum size of coarse aggregate is 15 mm, the cone indicator of the mix should be between 18-20 cm. The concrete mix intended for laying in the structure should preferably meet the requirements GOST 25192-2012, GOST 26633-2012. Such mixtures are well known in the art. Concrete mixture is transported by concrete trucks. Transportation by concrete trucks should exclude the possibility of atmospheric precipitation getting into the concrete mixture and disrupting the homogeneity of the mixture. For high-quality delivery of concrete mix, it is necessary to check before each voyage that there are no concrete residues from the previous voyage in concrete trucks. This application does not claim protection for the type or composition of the concrete mix - its description is provided solely for the purpose of understanding the application of the claimed utility model.

When assembling the floor in place, temporary mounting supports can be used to prevent deflection and destruction of the beams during installation. Mounting beams and construction sites are selected according to the bearing capacity according to the manufacturer of the supporting structures. The minimum recommended cross-section of the wooden beam of the mounting supports should preferably be 70 × 140 mm. It is also allowed to use softwood sawn timber in accordance with GOST 8486 not less than the second grade when installing supporting supporting structures. The moisture content of the wood used for the manufacture of supporting structural elements should not be higher than 18%. Support racks are made of round coniferous forest. The number and cross-section of the support racks, as in the case of the inventory installation system, must be taken as calculated. Other implementations of supporting temporary supports are also possible. This application does not claim the protection of temporary supports or the method of installation of ceilings - this description is provided solely for the purpose of understanding the application of the claimed utility model.

An important advantage of the claimed elements and the choice of chipboard material over the metal formwork elements is the lower mass of the chipboard and the lower risk of injury to this material. This becomes especially significant when working on tall buildings or at significant heights. So, when falling from a substantial height, an element made of chipboard will pose a significantly lower risk to others than an element made of metal (or foam concrete).

In a preferred embodiment (Fig. 2), the fixed formwork element has the following dimensions: height 90 mm, width 540 mm, length 1200 mm and weight 5.2 kg. The element is made with a 60 mm adjustment gap, which greatly simplifies installation and minimizes waste during cutting. This option corresponds to the prefabricated part of the overlap 120 mm. In other embodiments (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), the filling elements may have dimensions 130 × 540 × 1200 and 170 × 540 × 1200 and the weight is 6.1 and 6.4 kg, respectively. Such options correspond to the prefabricated part of the overlap 160 and 200 mm. Other options are possible depending on the task on a specific project. Each fixed formwork element preferably has hollow guides for common cutting angles (30 °, 45 ° and 60 °).

It is worth noting separately that the claimed utility model is in no way limited to the above implementation options. For the specialist, other possible embodiments will be apparent within the framework of the claimed utility model formula. Thus, all examples are provided only for understanding the essence of the declared decision and do not bear the limitations of the requested scope of protection.

The utility model is used for the installation of floors, which is carried out as follows:

- In the form of separate elements, prefabricated elements are delivered to the installation site;

- Armpoyas is mounted on supporting structures;

- Pre-stressed reinforced concrete beams are mounted on existing supporting structures;

- In the intervals between the beams installed elements of fixed formwork;

- For elements of fixed formwork, reinforcement is placed in the form of a metal distribution grid;

- The formed structure is poured with concrete mix of a class not lower than B25.

Industrial applicability

Based on the above detailed data both on the most useful model and on the methods of its application, as well as a description of all related elements, it will be obvious to the specialist that the practical utility of the claimed utility model will be obtained to obtain the indicated technical result.

In the prior art, taking into account the present description, at the moment there is comprehensive information on how to implement this or that node and element of the claimed utility model, as well as all related elements of precast-monolithic overlapping and methods for their use.

Claims (9)

1. An element of fixed formwork of precast-monolithic overlapping, characterized by the execution of chipboard and consisting of a series of parallel ridges, each of which has the shape of a trapezoid with two angles of inclination relative to the vertical axis — large in the lower part and smaller in the upper, the lateral sides of the ridges are inclined to adjacent ridges so that near the lower part of the ridges form a monolithic sheet, and near the upper part between the ridges there is a distance. 2. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that a spike is made on the upper surface of the ridges to maintain the metal mesh. 3. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has linear dimensions: height 90 mm, width 540 mm, length 1200 mm and weight 5.2 kg. 4. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has linear dimensions: height 130 mm, width 540 mm, length 1200 mm and weight 6.1 kg. 5. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has linear dimensions: height 170 mm, width 540 mm, length 1200 mm and weight 6.4 kg. 6. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has hollow guides at an angle of 30 °. 7. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has hollow guides at an angle of 45 °. 8. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has hollow guides at an angle of 60 °. 9. The element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a strength of at least 150 kg of concentrated load.

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