RU1778326C - Internal combustion engine lubrication system - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the system comprises a two-section mounted oil pump, a fine filter and an oil cooler, a main oil main, four centrifuges and a distributor having a cylinder with a supply opening in the lid and five pairs of multi-level supply pipes in series with its main section pair) and outlet holes on the surface, a sleeve with five side holes and two pins included in two downward arcuate grooves on the surface of the cylinder, and a spring-loaded spool with osom and two longitudinal grooves | on the side surface, where m input pins formed on the inner surface of the sleeve. The cylinder inlet ports are connected to an additional pump section, and the upper pair of outlet holes is connected to the inlets of the first and fourth centrifuges, the second pair is connected to the inlets of the second and third centrifuges, the third to the inputs of the third and second centrifuges, and the fourth to the fourth and first centrifuges In nominal mode, the spool is in its lowest position, oil flows through the holes in all centrifuges. When the pressure decreases, the spring-loaded spool and then the sleeve sequentially block the holes, turning the centrifuge off while moving the pin up in the left branch of the groove. Due to the inertia of the slide valve and the sleeve, the pin goes slightly to the beginning of the right branch of the groove, providing its movement downward along its right branch, increasing the sleeve, communicating the bore holes with another one from a pair of cylinder bores and connecting centrifuges in the reverse order. It increases the engine life and reduces the consumption of oil and spare parts. 3 ill. , CO with XI XI with from about

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering, in particular the engine, is intended to separate solids from liquid and may find application in chemical,

food and other industries.

A known lubrication system for an internal combustion engine comprising an oil pump mounted on an engine

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and two centrifuges connected to it in parallel with a hydraulic rotor drive.

A disadvantage of the known system is the low quality of oil cleaning at low speed engine operating conditions, which reduces the oil supply from the pump mounted on it

A lubrication system for an internal combustion engine is also known, comprising a main and additional oil pumps driven by an engine

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to increased wear of parts of the internal combustion engine, reduction of its resource.

The aim of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks, i.e. achieving high quality oil cleaning by centrifuges at all reduced speed modes of operation of the internal combustion engine and increasing the duration of maintenance-free operation of centrifuges (operation of centrifuges between rotor cleanings). This achieves an increase in reliability and

(two-section oil pump), engine life, reduction in the freezer, oil fine filter and main oil line, connected in series with the main section of the oil pump, and the first, second, third and fourth centrifuges with hydraulic rotor drive, onto which an additional oil pump section is operating. This system is the closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed lubrication system.

The disadvantages of the known system are the low quality of oil purification at lower engine speeds and insufficient maintenance of centrifuges. Oil purification is carried out qualitatively only at the rated engine operating mode for which the system is calculated, i.e. when the parameters of the working pump mounted on the engine of the engine correspond to the hydraulic characteristics of the centrifuges, and the nominal (calculated) working pressure is set in front of their nozzles, which determines the high rotational speed of the rotors and, therefore, the high efficiency of oil purification from insoluble impurities. In all other engine operating modes (medium, low speed, idle, etc.), the pump parameters (supply and pressure) fall, as a result of which the frequency of damage to engine oil and spare parts decreases

parts.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in a 20-internal lubrication system of the internal combustion engine, containing a two-section oil pump driven by an engine, in series with the main section of the oil filter pump, the oil cooler and the main oil line, as well as the first, second , the third and fourth centrifuges, in contrast to the proposed

30, an additional distributor is installed, comprising a cylindrical body with a cap formed in it. oil inlet and a pair of oil inlets on the side

from the surface of the sleeve located

(pair) in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical body in its upper part, as well as four pairs of oil vents,

Each of them is located in four planes perpendicular to the axis of the housing. The distributor includes a sleeve with five holes located on the side surface

4g and two pins in two downward arcuate grooves made on the inner surface of the housing. The distributor also includes a spring-loaded spool with a bevel and two longitudinal

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In the case of centrifugal rotors, the grooves sharply deteriorate, and the grooves on the side surface deteriorate, the quality of oil cleaning is mowed, the pollution of the filter elements of fine oil filters by coarse particles increases significantly, their dirt capacity decreases, hydraulic characteristics and filter capacity deteriorate, which ultimately leads to

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pins made on the inner surface of the sleeve. The upper pair of the oil outlet openings of the casing is connected with the inputs of the first and fourth centrifuges, the second pair is connected with the inputs of the second and third centrifuges, the third of the pair with the inputs of the third and second centrifuges, and even

to increased wear of parts of the internal combustion engine, reducing its resource.

The aim of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks, i.e. achieving high quality oil cleaning by centrifuges at all reduced speed modes of operation of the internal combustion engine and increasing the duration of maintenance-free operation of centrifuges (operation of centrifuges between rotor cleanings). This achieves an increase in reliability and

engine life, reduced consumption of engine oil and spare parts

parts.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the isostatic lubrication system of the internal combustion engine containing a two-section oil pump driven by an engine, connected in series with the main section of the oil filter oil filter, the oil cooler and the main oil line, as well as the first, second, third and a fourth centrifuge, in contrast to the proposed

additionally installed a distributor containing a cylindrical housing with a cover in it. oil inlet and a pair of oil inlets on the side

the surface of the sleeve located

(pair) in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical body in its upper part, as well as four pairs of oil vents,

each of which is placed in four planes perpendicular to the axis of the housing. The distributor includes a sleeve with five holes located on the side surface

and two pins in two downward arcuate grooves made on the inner surface of the housing. The distributor also includes a spring-loaded spool with a bevel and two longitudinal

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grooves on the side in

pins made on the inner surface of the sleeve. The upper pair of the oil outlet openings of the casing is connected with the inputs of the first and fourth centrifuges, the second pair is connected with the inputs of the second and third centrifuges, the third of the pair is connected with the inputs of the third and second centrifuges, and even

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vert - with the entrances of the fourth and first centrifuges.

The proposed oil purification system in internal combustion engines provides a high quality oil purification at all engine operating modes, which is due to the introduction of a distributor in the system, which, depending on the engine speed, automatically turns off (when the speed decreases) or connects the corresponding one (degree of change in the operating mode ) the number of centrifuges, and therefore thereby maintains a working pressure equal to or close to the nominal pressure before the hydraulic drive of the remaining centrifuges. Such pressure provides specification operating centrifuges with high quality oil cleaning.

In this case, the centrifuges are turned off and connected again (or vice versa) when the engine operating mode is changed until it stops, then the engine is started and the rotation frequency is increased in the agreed sequence (the first disconnected centrifuge is first turned on), which contributes to the efficient use of the working volumes of centrifuges ( their uniform use) and increase the period of maintenance-free work between cleaning their rotors.

In the rated engine operating mode, the distributor provides the connection to the pressure line of the pump of all centrifuges. In this case, the spool and the bushing are in extreme low positions under the influence of oil pressure. The bushing pins are located in the lowermost positions of one of the branches, for example, the right, arched grooves of the housing, which ensures the coincidence of one row (right in this case) of the oil-supplying and oil-venting holes of the housing and the bore holes (rotary) (in height) and circles), specifically, one of the spaced oil supply (input) holes (right in this case) of the housing coincides with the input hole of the rotary sleeve, and, accordingly, its (case) oil-outlet (output) holes (one in each pair) match t s v0

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running holes of the rotary sleeve.

With a decrease in engine speed, the submission of the pump drive from the engine decreases, the oil pressure in the pressure line of the pump, and therefore in the internal cavity of the rotary sleeve of the distributor. The spool, under the influence of a spring, rises up and closes the lower outlet of the rotary sleeve, turning off one of the centrifuges. As a result, the oil flow is redistributed between the remaining centrifuges in operation, the operating pressure (close to the nominal pressure) is maintained in front of their hydraulic actuators, and the centrifuges operate at almost nominal mode.

With a further decrease in engine speed and, consequently, a drop in oil pressure in the pressure line of the pump, other centrifuges similarly shut off.

When the engine stops completely and the oil pressure drops completely in the pump pressure line and in the cavity above the spool and the rotary sleeve, the spool moves the rotary sleeve upward under the influence of the spring. The inlet and outlet openings of the housing are blocked by the sleeve. The pivots of the rotary sleeve, moving to the tops of the arcuate grooves of the housing along its right branches, respectively rotate the sleeve and, due to inertness of movement, the vertices of the arcuate grooves of the housing pass. The next time the engine is started under the influence of increasing oil pressure, the rotary sleeve together with the slide valve moves down, and its pins move along the other branches (left) of the arcuate grooves of the housing until they stop, respectively turning the rotary sleeve and thus ensuring its input and outlet openings with another vertical row of housing openings that are in communication with centrifuges, based on the agreed sequence of connecting centrifuges (the centrifuge is turned on first, off rvoy).

In this case, the grooves on the outer surface of the spool and the pins on the inner surface of the rotary sleeve provide orientation of the inclined section of the spool with respect to

the sleeve’s inlet hole, which ensures that oil flows through the inlet holes in the housing and the rotary sleeve into the cavity above the oblique slice of the spool and with the further development of the engine speed and, therefore, the May-1 la pressure in the pipeline at a fixed height (and circumference) position the rotary sleeve allows the spring-loaded spool to move down and, as the pump feed increases, sequentially connect 10

drain holes equal to the number of centrifuges (equal to four).

On the inner lateral surface of the cylinder 9 two arcuate different grooves 13 are made, the branches of which 13. and 13 ° 2 are spaced apart, respectively, by making pairs of holes 11 and 12 and are oriented downwards. The internal sides of the groove branches converge at vertices 13-3 at acute angles.

In the lower part of the cylinder (in the base of the cylinder) there is a hole for discharge into the crankcase 7 penetrating

operation of centrifuges (opposite - through oil leaks „In the floor

during the previous cycle of the development of revolutions from zero).

In FIG. 1 shows the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine with the engine off; in FIG. 2- at nominal operation mode; on fig ,, 3 section AA of the distributor of the system,

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The lubrication system contains a two-section oil pump mounted on the engine, one section of which - the main oil pump 1 is connected by a pipeline in series with the fine filter 2 and the oil cooler 3 and provides lubrication of the friction parts of the engine, the other section - an additional oil pump 4 through the distributor 5 is connected to centrifuges 6 (in a specific example, 4 centrifuges) with a hydraulic rotor drive (not shown). The cleaned oil from centrifuges and the contaminated oil from the rubbing parts of the engine are discharged into the crankcase 7 of the engine, from where it is taken through the receiver 8 with a two-section oil pump 1.4. The distributor 5 comprises a housing (hollow cylinder) E, in which openings are made for supplying the cylinder and draining oil to the triphuge b. For supplying oil, one hole 10 is made in the upper bottom of the cylinder and two holes 1 (a pair of holes) are spaced (by a small distance relative to each other) at the same level - on the side surface of the cylinder. To drain the oil to the centrifuges 6, the holes 12 are made on the side surface, moreover, in pairs, at four different levels. In this case, the holes in each pair are spaced similarly to the pair of inlets 11, the number of pairs

drain holes equal to the number of centrifuges (equal to four).

Two arcuate grooves 13 are made on the inner side surface of the cylinder 9, the branches of which 13.1 and 13o 2 are spaced apart respectively from the spacing of the pairs of holes 11 and 12 and are oriented downward. The inner sides of the groove branches converge at vertices 13-3 at acute angles.

An opening 14 is made in the lower part of the cylinder (at the base of the cylinder) to discharge penetrating into the crankcase 7

through oil leaks „In the floor

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cylinder E has a sleeve 15 with a bottom. Five holes are made on the side surface of sleeve 15: for supplying 1b and drain 17 of oil, i.e., the total number of pairs of holes in the hollow cylinder, and accordingly these holes are placed in level and circumference. On the outer surface of the sleeve 15, pins 18 are installed, which are included in the arcuate grooves 13 of the hollow cylinder 9. These pins serve to fix the position of the rotary sleeve around the circumference with respect to the stationary hollow cylinder, and more precisely, the position of the pins in one branch of the arcuate grooves ensures matching of the holes of the sleeve with one row of holes of the hollow cylinder, and their position in the other branch of the grooves ensures that the holes of the sleeve coincide with another row of holes of the hollow cylinder (with another hole of each pair). On the inner surface of the sleeve there are two more pins 19.

A spring-loaded (spring 20) spool 21 is installed in the rotary sleeve, having two longitudinal grooves 22 on the lateral surface, into which the pins 19 of the rotary sleeve enter, the slide valve has an inclined slice 23 in the upper part. The pins 19 in the slots 22 provide the orientation of the inclined slice 23 of the spool 21 relative to the inlet 16 of the rotary sleeve 15. In this case, the pipelines connect each pair of outlet openings 12 of the hollow cylinder with the corresponding centrifuges (see Fig. 1.2). Specifically, the upper pair of oil drain holes is connected with the inlets of the first and fourth centrifuges, the second pair with the inputs of the second and third centrifuges, the third with the inputs of the third and second centrifuges, and the fourth with the inputs of the fourth and first centrifuges. This ensures that in the process of changing the operating mode of the engine from start to stop, the centrifuges are connected and disconnected, after each stop, the order of connection will be reversed.

The lubrication system of the internal combustion engine operates as follows. When the engine is not running, there is no oil pressure in the lubrication system and, therefore, in the cavities of the distributor 5. The spool 21 and the rotary sleeve 15 under the influence of the spring 20 are in their highest position (Fig. 1). The pins 1B of the rotary sleeve 15 are located practically at the vertices 13.3 of the arcuate grooves 13 of the hollow cylinder 9 °. The holes 11 and 12 of the cylinder are overlapped by the lateral surface of the sleeve 15.

When the engine starts and, therefore, the pump Ml), the oil pressure in the system will increase. The oil through the hole 10 enters the cavity above the sleeve 15. Under pressure of the oil, the sleeve 15 together with the spool 21 moves down.

The pins 18 from the tops 13.3 of the grooves 13 move along the left, for example, branches m to the stop, turning the sleeve 15 on the corresponding hinge while moving and stopping it in a position that ensures that the input 16 and output holes 17 of the rotary sleeve 15 are combined with the left holes 11, 12 of the hollow cylinder (Fig. 3a) “With increasing oil pressure as the engine develops under the influence of the engine on the inclined section 23 of the spool 21 and its bottom, the spool moves downward, opening the oil through the hole 17 of the first (high it) prior to the centrifuge 1 and then with increasing pressure valve opens oil II centrifuge access through the opening 17 at the second level, then similarly to a centrifuge III and IV.

An increase in the pump supply with an increase in the rotational speed of the main engine and the MO pump provides, with an appropriate serial connection of the centrifuges 6 (with an increase in the number of working centrifuges) their specification operating mode, i.e.

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high quality of oil purification, the parameters of which in front of centrifugal hydraulic drives are maintained practically nominal.

When the engine speed, respectively, of the pump b is reduced, the oil pressure is reduced, the spool 21 rises under the influence of the spring 20, the centrifuges turn off in the reverse order, namely IV, III, II, I. When the engine stops, as a result, when the pressure drops completely of oil in the pressure line, above the rotary sleeve 15 and the spool 21, the latter, under the action of the spring 20, moves the rotary sleeve up, all the holes of the cylinder 11, 12 are blocked by the sleeve, and its pins 18, moving along the left 13.2 branches of the arcuate grooves 13, p turn the sleeve accordingly and, due to the inertia of the movement of the conjugate elements 15 and 21, cross the border of the vertices of the 13.3 grooves. The sleeve 15 and the spool 21 occupy the extreme upper positions, the pins 18 are also in the upper position, already in the right branches 13.1 of the grooves 13. When the engine is subsequently started and the rotary sleeve is lowered under the influence of increasing oil pressure, the pins 18 are released along with it on the other, right 13- 1 branches m arcuate grooves to the stop, which ensures the rotation of the sleeve, its stop and the combination in this position of all the holes of the sleeve (input 16 and output 17), respectively, with the right holes in each pair (11 and 12 of the hollow cylinder). With a further development of the engine speed and correspondingly increase of the pump 4 supply, oil pressure, the downward movement of the drawer 21 provides the connection of centrifuges in the sequence - IV, ill, IT, I, i.e. in the reverse sequence of connecting the centrifuges in the previous cycle of the development of the rotation speed from zero, as a result of which conditions are created for a more even distribution of pollution among all centrifuges of the system. In this case, the operation of centrifuges at the specification level of the regime at all engine operating modes ensures the removal of coarse particles of pollution, which, in turn, creates

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