RU1772115C - Method of foam plastic production - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of production of foam from phenol-formaldehyde resins used as a heat-insulating material in construction. v-uchastroenie, transport engineering, refrigeration and other industries x. The invention allows to improve the structure of the foam and increase the mechanical strength due to the implementation of 1 method of producing foam by mixing liquid phenol-formaldehyde resin - the product of primary novolac and subsequent resol condensation of 1 mol of phenol with 1.2-1.5 mol of formaldehyde, of which 25-50% formaldehyde is bound in the novolac component with a hardener - a mixture of arylsulfonic acid, a molecular nosole resin with an initial molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde and orthophosphoric acid, respectively in a weight ratio of respectively (25-47) :( 35-66) :( 7-21). 1 tab.

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of foam from phenol-formaldehyde resins, which are used as thermal insulation material in construction, shipbuilding, transport engineering, refrigeration and other fields.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the structure of the foam and increase the mechanical strength.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

A condensation product of 1 mol of phenol with 0.5-0.8 mol of formaldehyde is used as a low molecular weight novolac resin.

Example 1. As a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a product of primary novolac condensation 1 mol of phenol and 0.7 mol was used to obtain a foam

formaldehyde in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as a catalyst (at pH 0.40) and subsequent rezol condensation with the addition of 0.5 mol of formaldehyde and calcium oxide to a pH of 8.82,

The finished novolac-resole resin had a total molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.2, of which 42.7% of formaldehyde is bound in the novolac component, 12.69 wt.% Water and a viscosity at 25 ° C of 1.017 Pa.s.

The foaming composition consists of two components.

The first component was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of the specified resin, 2 parts by weight, nonionic surfactant Reopon-4B TU 6-05-221-886-86 and 0.75 parts by weight finely divided aluminum grade PAP.

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AND

The second component (acid hardener) is a mixture of 50.2 wt.h. low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained with a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 0.7: 1), 34.8 wt.h. benzenesulfonic acids and 15 parts by weight phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

The foaming composition was prepared by mixing 86.5 parts by weight. the first component with 13.5 parts by weight second component. The resulting composition was poured into a wood mold, where it foamed and cured for 4.5 minutes, forming a foam with an apparent density of 48.6 kg / m3 and a compressive strength of 186 kPa.

Example 2. As a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a product of primary novolac condensation of 1 mol of phenol and 0.7 mol of formaldehyde in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as a catalyst (at pH 0.45) and subsequent resol condensation with the addition of 0.8 mol of formaldehyde and calcium oxide to pH 8.85.

The finished novolac-resole resin had a total molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1, 5, of which 29.9% of formaldehyde is associated with the novolac component; 16.7 wt.% Water and viscosity at 25 ° C 1.65 Pa.s.

The foaming composition consists of two components. The first component was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of the specified resin, 1 parts by weight Unconquered surfactant Reanon-4V TU 6-05- 221-886-86 and 0.75 parts by weight fine powder aluminum grade PAP.

The second component (acid hardener) is a mixture of 52.2 parts by weight. low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained at a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 0.5: 1), 36.2 parts by weight of benzenesulfonic acids and 11.6 parts by weight phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

The foaming composition is prepared by mixing 80.3 parts by weight. the first component with 19.7 parts by weight second component. The resulting composition was poured into a wooden mold, where it foamed and cured for 8 minutes, forming a foam with an apparent density of 102 kg / m3 and a compressive strength of 390 kPa.

Example 3. As a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a product of primary novolac condensation 1 mol of phenol and 0.35 mol of formaldehyde in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as a catalyst (at pH 0.7) and subsequent resol condensation was used to obtain the foam

with the addition of 0.9 mol of formaldehyde and calcium oxide to a pH of 8.7.

The finished novolac-resole resin had a total molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.25, of which 25% by weight of formaldehyde was bound in the novolac component, 13.2% by weight of water and a viscosity of 1.3 Pa-s. The foaming composition consists of two components. First component

obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight the specified resin, 2 parts by weight non-ionic surfactant Reapon 4B and 1.0 wt.h. fine powder aluminum grade PAP.

 The second component (acid hardener) is a mixture of 49.1 parts by weight, low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained with a molar ratio of formaldehyde and phenol of 0.7: 1), 34.0 parts by weight of benzosulfonic acid and

16.9 wt.h, phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

The foaming composition was prepared by mixing 86.55 ppm. the first component with 13.45 parts by weight second component. The resulting composition was poured into a wooden mold, where it foamed and cured for 4.5 minutes, forming a foam with an apparent density of 37.0 kg / m3 and a compressive strength of 140

kPa

Example 4. As the phenol-formaldehyde resin for the production of foam, the product of primary novolac condensation was used, 1 mol of phenol and 0.7 mol

formaldehyde in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as a catalyst (at pH 0.6) and subsequent rezol condensation with the addition of 0.6 mol of formaldehyde and calcium oxide to a pH of 8.2,

The finished novolac-resole resin had a total molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.3, of which 50% by weight. formaldehyde is bound in the novolac component, 11.4 wt.% water and viscosity

5 2.68 Pa.s.

The foaming composition consists of two components. The first component was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of said resin, 2 parts by weight of non-ionic surface-active substance OP-10 GOST 8433-8T and 1 wt.h. fine powder aluminum grade PAP.

The second component (acid hardener - 5 tel) - by mixing 50.2 wt.h. low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained at a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 0.7: 1) 34.8 parts by weight of phenolsulfonic acid and 15.0 parts by weight of phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

Polyfoam was obtained with a displacement of 87.29 wt.h, the first component with 12.71 wt.h. second component. The resulting composition was poured into a wood mold, where it foamed and cured for 5 minutes, forming a foam with an apparent density of 33 kg / m3 and a compressive strength of 165 kPa.

Example 5. The product of primary novolac condensation of 1 mol of phenol and 0.7 mol of formaldehyde in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as a catalyst (at pH 0.44) and subsequent rezole condensation with the addition of 0.7 was used as the phenol-formaldehyde resin for preparing the foam mol of formaldehyde and calcium oxide to a pH of 8.56,

The finished novolac resole resin had a total molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.4, of which 35.2% by weight of formaldehyde is associated with the novolac component, 15.7% by weight of water and a viscosity of 1.095 Pa-s.

The foaming composition consists of two components.

The first component was obtained by mixing on May 100, the specified resin, 2.0 wt.h. non-ionic surfactant Reapon-48 and 0.75 parts by weight fine powder aluminum grade PAP.

The second component (acid hardener) is a mixture of 35.29 parts by weight. low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained at a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 0.8; 1), 43.52 parts by weight of benzenesulfonic acid and 21.19 parts by weight phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

The foam was obtained by mixing 88.77 parts by weight of the first component with 11.23 wt.h. the second component, the resulting composition was poured into a wooden mold, where it foamed and cured for 4 minutes, forming a foam with an apparent density of 62 kg / m3 and a compressive strength of 436 kPa.

Example 6. As the phenol-formaldehyde resin for the production of foam, we used the product of primary novolac condensation 1 mol of phenol and 0.7 mol of formaldehyde in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as a catalyst (at pH 0.42) and subsequent resol condensation with the addition of 0.6 mol of formaldehyde and oxide calcium to a pH of 8.20.

The finished novolac-resole resin had a total molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.3, of which 31.5% by weight of formaldehyde was associated with novolac component, May 11.7% water and a viscosity of 1.15 Pa-s.

The foaming composition consists of two components.

The first component was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of the specified resin, 3.0 wt.h. non-ionic surfactant Reapon-4B and 0.75 parts by weight fine powder aluminum grade PAP.

The second component (acid hardener) is a mixture of 66.83 parts by weight. low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained with a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 0.7: 1). 22.75 parts by weight toluenesulfonic acid and 7.42 wt.h, phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

The foam was obtained by mixing 77.57 parts by weight the first component with 22.43 parts by weight second component. The resulting composition was poured into a wood mold, where it foamed and cured for 7.0 minutes to form a foam with an apparent density of 36.3 kg / m3 and a compressive strength of 159 kPa.

 Example. The product of primary novolac condensation 1 mol of phenol and 0.7 mol of formaldehyde in the presence of benzenesulfonic acid as a catalyst (at pH 0.42} and d) of the following resol condensation with the addition of 0.55 mol was used as the phenol-formaldehyde resin for producing the foam formaldehyde and calcium oxide to a pH of 8.65.

The finished novolac-resole resin had a total molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 1.25 of which 35.6% by weight of formaldehyde was bound in the novolac component, 12.9% by weight, of water and a viscosity of 1.75 Pa-s.

The foaming composition consists of two components.

The first component was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of the specified resin, 2.25 parts by weight non-ionic surfactant Reapon-4B and 1.0 m.h. fine aluminum grade PAP,

The second component (acid hardener) is a mixture of May 38.11 parts of a low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained with a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 0.7: 1) 46.99 parts by weight of benzenesulfonic acid and 14.90 parts by weight. hours phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

The foam was obtained by mixing 88.06 May, hours the first component with 11.94 parts by weight second component. The resulting composition was poured into a wooden mold, where it foamed and cured for 3.5 minutes, forming a foam with an apparent density of 43.8 kg / m and a compressive strength of 180 kPe

Example The product of primary novolac and subsequent rezole condensation according to Example 6 was used as the phenol-formaldehyde resin for producing the foam.

The foaming composition consists of two components.

The first component was obtained with a displacement of 100 m.h. the specified resin, 2.0 m.h., non-ionic surfactant Neonol AF 9-10 TU 38-103-625-87 and 0.75 wt.h. fine powder aluminum grade PAP.

The second component (acid hardener) - a mixture of 52.17 wt.h. low molecular weight novolac resin (obtained with a molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of 0.7: 1), 36.18 parts by weight of benzenesulfonic acids and 11.65 parts by weight phosphoric acid calculated on conditionally dry products.

The foam was obtained by mixing 85.8 wt.h. the first component with 14.2 parts by weight second component. The resulting composition was poured into a wooden mold, where it foamed and cured for 4.0 minutes, forming a foam with an apparent density of 35.5 kg / m3 and a compressive strength of 138 kPa.

Example 9. As the phenol-formaldehyde resin for preparing the foam, the product of primary novolac and subsequent rezole condensation according to Example 6 was used.

Composition dp; foaming with: -opt of two components.

The first component was obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of specified resin. 2.0 parts by weight of non-ionic surfactant Reapon-1B and 0.5 parts by weight finely divided aluminum grade PAP.

The second component (acid hardener) - a mixture of 52.17 wt.h, low molecular weight novolac resin, (obtained with a molar ratio of formaldehyde and phenol of 0.7: 1), 36.18 wt.h. toluenesulfonic acid and 11.65 parts by weight phosphoric acid based on conditionally dry products, Polyfoam was obtained using a continuous pulsating machine, brand GN-25 (production of GDR), specially adapted d,, -.

this goal. The gear pumps of the machine dosed the first and second components in a mass ratio of 6.3: 1.0, the composition formed in the flow mixer was poured in the calculated amount into a split mold with internal dimensions of 100x32x5.5 cm, pre-lined with paper. At a temperature of 25 ° C in closed form, the foaming and curing process of the foam was completed in 5-7 minutes. The foam, with a homogeneous, finely cellular structure, had an apparent density of 52.6 kg / m and a compressive strength of 248 kPa.

The technical and economic advantage of the claimed method, as compared with that of the Western method, lies in the fact that the foam obtained by the proposed method is characterized by 35-150% higher

strength, that is, in those areas where the physicomechanical properties of the foam are a determining factor (insulation of pipelines, thermal insulation of light building structures, etc.)

Claims (1)

the ability to either reduce the consumption of raw materials for the production of 1 cubic meter of foam by reducing the apparent density, or significantly increase their strength. The claims A method of producing a foam by mixing a liquid phenol-formaldehyde resin, an acid hardener, a finely divided aluminum powder and a surfactant, followed by foaming and curing the reaction mixture, characterized in that, in order to improve the structure of the foam and increase the mechanical strength, a product is used as a phenol-formaldehyde resin 0 primary novolac and subsequent rezolation. 1 x phenol with 1.2-1.5 mol of formaldehyde, in which 25-50% of formaldehyde is bound in novolac component, a mixture of arylsulfonic acid, low molecular weight, is used as acid hardener novolac sm. h with an initial molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde of 1: 0.5-0.8, respectively: tween and phosphoric acid in With a mass ratio of 25-4: 35-66: 7-21, respectively. 1.5 1.25 1.3 1.4 1.3 29.9 25.0 50.0 35.2 31.5 1,650 1,300 2,680 1,035 1,150 1.25 1.31.31.65 35.6 31.5 31.5 1.750 1.150 1.150 1.7 Composition Compo-Component in edition 1 for foaming Kompo-Sosentent tav 2 Massova dol resin,% 97.32 Mass fraction of non-ionic surfactant, 1.95 Mass fraction of aluminum powder PAP, S Mass fraction of component 1 a of compoidium, I 36.50 Mass fraction of low molecular weight novolac resin, I 50.20 Mass angry arylsulfonic acids, Massova dol .HjPOy,% 15.00 Bulk dog of component 2 a of the composition,% 13.50 Own- Time curing pebtva noplast, MVH 4,5 Foam - External Hades Clean layer / structure (in the context according to visual assessment Casual with density, kg / m 48.6 Ultimate compressive strength, kPa186 98.28 9 / .09 37.09 97.32 96.39 96.85 97.32 97.56 96.15 0, E8 1.91 VJ4 1.95 2.89 2.18 1.95 1.95 2.89 0.73 0.74 0.97 0.97 0.73 0.72 0.97 0.73 0.1) 9 0.96 80.30 8b, 55 87.20 88.77 77.57 3.06 85.80 86.50 83.33 52.20 1 (9.10 50.20 35.29 66.83 38.11 52.17 52.17 Product 34.80 36.2034.0034.8043.52 11,6016,9015,0021,19 19.7013.4512 7111.23 84,554 to lcd 10237,033,062,0 390140165436 VAG-3 TU 6-55- -1116-6B 25.75 46.99 36.18 36.18 7.42 14.90 11.65 11.65, 43 11.94 14.20 13.50 16.6 73.5 453.5 36.3 43.8 35.5 52.6 43 159 180 138 2h8 120 3.06 85.80 86.50 83.33 VAG-3 TU 6-55- -1116-6B 36.18 36.18 11.65 11.65, 20 13.50 16.6 453.5 36.3 43.8 35.5 52.6 43 159 180 138 2h8 120