RU174827U1 - DEVICE FOR DISPOSAL OF FUEL GASES WHEN BURNING A SOLID ORGANIC FUEL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for burning solid organic waste, in particular to grate-type furnaces, and can be used in household services for heating residential and non-residential premises, greenhouses, replacing superheated steam in technological processes, creating thermal curtains from technological rooms and warehouses. The objective of the utility model is to ensure complete combustion of fossil fuels in layered furnaces with fixed grates, followed by the transfer of flue gases under high pressure and temperature to the space heating line or to the process line. The problem is solved by a device for utilization of flue gases during the burning of solid organic fuel, placed in a heat-insulating steel casing and consisting of a vertically located hopper, which is designed to store the fuel supply and for its gasification with primary compressed air coming from the ejectors with the possibility of temporary heating of air in the ejectors higher than the ignition temperature of the fuel for initial ignition, with a fuel loading door located in the upper part of the hopper, in in the morning of which or next to it there is a vertically located firebox in the form of a pipe for burning fuel with secondary air with heat-resistant protection of the firebox walls from the high temperature of combusting gases, connected to the air duct bunker and equipped with ejectors for the secondary air intake, as well as the lower grate inside the fuel bunker, located above the primary air ejector, hermetically sealed hatches for ash removal, located at the bottom of the hopper and the furnace, a supercharger for supplying compressed primary and secondary air located on the outer side of the hopper body, a cyclone inside the furnace for cleaning combustion products from solid particles of unburned fuel located in the upper honor of the furnace having a control window for monitoring the pyrolysis gas afterburning process by blowing using a part of the secondary air, characterized in that the case of the hopper is made of sheet steel, which allows working under increased pressure and at temperatures up to 450 ° C, and is equipped with a tube with a crane located on the top of the furnace to remove heat ies solid combustion products under pressure for connection to the space heating system.

type 0952c or from thicker ordinary steel, which allows working under increased pressure and at temperatures from -70 to +450 degrees Celsius, and is equipped with a tube located on the top of the furnace to release compressed and heated solid fuel combustion products under pressure for connecting to a room heating system or for technological needs.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for burning solid organic waste, in particular, grate-type furnaces, and can be used in municipal services for heating residential and non-residential premises, greenhouses, replacing superheated steam in technological processes, creating thermal curtains in technological rooms and warehouses .

The disadvantage of all known methods of fuel injection is the non-uniformity of the combustion process in time (Schegolev MM, Gusev Yu.L., Ivanova MS. Boiler installations. - M .: Publishing house of literature on construction, 1972). In the initial period after refueling with fresh fuel, the process of gasification of fuel and the rapid release of combustible volatile substances begins, for their combustion a large amount of air is required, more than is supplied by the fan through the grate. As a result, the firebox works with a lack of air. Products of incomplete combustion appear in flue gases: carbon monoxide (CO), soot, etc. Due to this, part of the heat of combustion of the fuel is lost, the environment is polluted, and the heating surfaces of the boiler itself become clogged. Periodically, the boiler has to be stopped and its surfaces cleaned of soot particles. The appearance of chemical incompleteness of combustion is especially evident when burning unsorted coal with a high content of volatile substances. Gradually, the release of volatile substances from burning fuel ceases, and coke burns out on the grill. In this case, less air is already required than is supplied by the fan through the grate. From the point of view of the operation of the boiler, this mode is also disadvantageous, since a significant part of the heat is spent on heating excess air. In the optimal mode, the furnace works for a very short period of time during the combustion cycle of abandoned fuel.

A known method of burning solid organic waste at elevated pressure and a device for its implementation (RF patent No. 2479792, 2013), characterized in that they create rings from pressed sorted solid organic waste, which are collected in a block having a height equal to the height of the combustion zone , the block is placed in the combustion zone, in which a temperature of 1450 ... 1500 ° C is created at a pressure of 0.8-1.0 MPa, and the block is burned to form a flow of combustion products, the flow of combustion products is sent to the afterburning zone, to the entrance of which air is supplied at a pressure of 0.8-1.0 MPa with a flow rate sufficient to ensure complete combustion of solid particles to produce a gas stream; at the outlet from the afterburning zone, water is supplied under pressure to a gas stream to produce a vapor-gas mixture stream, and the water flow rate is selected so as to ensure that the temperature of the vapor-gas mixture flow is lower than the minimum temperature for the formation of dioxins in the gas stream, then the vapor-gas mixture flow is sent to the ejection zone, in which it is mixed with atmospheric air and yes A further decrease in its temperature in a time shorter than the time of the catalytic formation of dioxins, then, from the ejection zone, the vapor-gas mixture stream is sent to the energy recovery zone, in which the energy of the stream is transferred to the atmospheric air stream supplied to the combustion zone and to the inlet of the afterburning zone, and the outlet stream discharged into the atmosphere.

Thus, the combustion products are fed into the ejection zone, and the gases are cooled, which does not ensure the preservation of pressure after burning substances in high pressure air, and this leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the device as a whole, since the fuel does not completely burn, as well as the impossibility of further gas utilization.

The objective of the utility model is to ensure complete combustion of fossil fuels in gas-fired furnaces with fixed grates, followed by the transfer of flue gases under high pressure and high temperature to the heating main or for technological operations, for example: instead of water vapor of high temperature and pressure.

The problem is solved by a device for utilization of flue gases during the burning of solid fossil fuels, placed in a heat-insulating steel casing and consisting of a vertically located hopper for storing fuel and its gasification with primary air coming from ejectors with the possibility of temporary heating of air above the ignition temperature of the fuel for initial ignition , with a fuel loading hatch located at the top of the hopper, inside or near which is located a vertically arranged firebox in the form of a pipe for secondary fuel afterburning of fuel with heat-resistant protection of the combustion chamber walls from the high temperature of combusting gases, connected to the bunker with an air duct and equipped with heat-resistant ejectors for the supply of secondary air, as well as the lower grate inside the bunker located in front of the air duct into the furnace, and grate located above the primary air ejector, closing hatches for ash removal, located at the bottom of the hopper and sense, compressor for supplying the first primary and secondary compressed air located on the outer side of the hopper body, a cyclone for cleaning combustion products from solid particles of unburned fuel located in the upper part of the furnace having a control window for monitoring the pyrolysis gas afterburning process with additional secondary air blowing, characterized in that the case of the hopper is made of sheet steel of type 0952 s, which allows working under high pressure and at temperatures from -70 to 450 ° C, and is equipped with a tube located on the top of the furnace, for exit and under pressure from compressed and heated solid fuel combustion products, for connecting to a room heating system.

The design of the device is shown in FIG. 1 (vertical section), where

1 - lower spherical cover of the fuel hopper,

2 - hatches for unloading ash from the primary combustion zone,

3 - lower grates;

4 - primary air ejector for gas generation of solid fuel,

5 - volume for solid fuel,

6 - wall of the hopper,

7 - threaded cover of the loading door,

8 - pneumatic fuse,

9 - output of heated combustion products of solid fuel under pressure,

10 - output cyclone for cleaning exhaust gases from unburned solid particles,

11 - the upper mount of the fuel hopper and combustion chamber,

12 - pipe moving separated dust in the ash collector,

13 - heat-resistant coating of the furnace,

14 - secondary air ejector for burning generator gases,

15 - duct gas generator from the hopper to the furnace,

16 - hatch cover for removing ash from the furnace,

17 - lower spherical firebox cover,

18 - power partition,

19 - the furnace and the wall of the furnace,

20 - upper spherical hopper cover,

21 - a window for controlling the combustion process,

22 - dividing plate.

The device operates as follows.

Through the loading hatch 7, any solid fuel is placed inside the hopper 6 - sawdust, wood shavings, technological chips, firewood, fuel pellets, lump and bulk peat, briquettes from coal, peat, wood processing waste and agricultural waste, fine non-sintering brown or hard coal. Primary compressed air from the compressor is supplied through an ejector 4, pre-heated with electricity to a temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel (only at the time of ignition of the fire).

After ignition of the fuel, additional heating of the supplied compressed air with the help of electricity is turned off.

In the furnace through the duct 15, the primary combustion products move through the mass of heated fuel and gasify the fuel. The ash from the fuel falls through the holes of the grid-irons 3 and accumulates at the bottom of the hopper on the lower spherical cover of the hopper 1. A new one falls into place of the burned fuel.

At the entrance to the furnace 19, the generator gases from the hopper are mixed with secondary air from the injector 14 and the generator gases produced in the fuel hopper are completely burned. Large particles of ash fall down the furnace into the ash collector.

In the vertical firebox, final combustion takes place, the process and the parameters of which can be controlled through the control window 21, blown from the inside with secondary air through the outlet of the ejector 14.

Before leaving the furnace, the flue gases pass through cyclone 10 and are cleaned of ash and unburned fuel residues, leave the device through pipe 9, connect to the piping heating system and are sent to consumers: for direct heating of non-residential premises and greenhouses, to heat exchangers for heating residential premises, for heating water and other substances, for dryers of various substances, for technological needs in chemical and other industries, instead of superheated steam, to create thermal curtains at the entrance to non-residential premises and with hoards and other technological processes where high temperature and large volumes of compressed heated gas are required.

After complete combustion of all fuel, the supply of compressed air is stopped, and the pressure inside the device drops to atmospheric pressure. After that, ash is removed through hatches 2 and 16, and fuel is again charged through the hatch 7. Hatches are firmly closed and sealed.

The process is repeated.

The use of compressed air in the two-stage process of primary gasification and secondary afterburning makes it possible to increase the temperature of primary gasification to 900-1200 and combustion to 1200-1500 ° C, which leads to the complete decomposition of solid fuel into gaseous products and ash, which are burned without secondary residue, and ash is removed from the combustion zone and also automate the combustion process.

The use of a large-capacity fuel hopper allows you to increase the operating time from one load to tens of hours, which makes the use of this device convenient for consumers and reduces downtime for loading and cleaning to less than 1-3% of the total operating time.

Overheated solid fuel combustion products with great advantages replace superheated steam as a heat carrier, since there is no need to supply water and water treatment, it makes it unnecessary to return the heat carrier to the place of heating - as with steam and water heating, it allows you to start the process very quickly and almost instantly stop it generation of heated solid fuel combustion products - ultra-low thermal inertia due to the simplicity and efficiency of using air instead of water.

The use of cheap local fossil fuels significantly reduces the cost of heat produced by 10-15 times compared with hydrocarbon fuels.

The technical result consists in the possibility of maintaining a high pressure of the flue gases at the outlet of the device, which makes it possible to simplify the transfer of the coolant to an average distance (100-200 m) without additional costs for a conventional metal pipe with thermal insulation.

Claims (1)

A device for utilization and movement to a distance of flue gases from burning solid fuel, consisting of a vertically located hopper, which is designed to store the fuel supply and for its gasification with primary compressed air coming from the ejectors with the possibility of temporary heating of air in the ejectors above the fuel ignition temperature for the initial ignition, with a fuel loading hatch located in the upper part of the hopper, inside of which there is a vertically located firebox in the form of t secondary air burners with heat-resistant protection of the combustion chamber walls from high temperature of combusting gases, connected to the air duct bunker and equipped with ejectors for secondary air intake, as well as the lower grate inside the fuel bunker located above the primary air ejector, hermetically closing manholes to remove ash located at the bottom of the hopper and the furnace, a supercharger for supplying compressed primary and secondary air located on the outside of the housing of the hopper, a cyclone the inside of the furnace for cleaning combustion products from solid particles of unburned fuel located in the upper part of the furnace, which has a control window for monitoring the pyrolysis gas afterburning process with blowing using part of the secondary air, characterized in that the hopper body is made of sheet steel, which allows working under increased pressure and at temperatures up to 450 ° C, and is equipped with a tube with a valve located on the top of the furnace for the output of heated combustion products of solid fuel under pressure for connection to systems space heating.

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