RU172663U1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE RANGE OF DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PARTICLES - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed utility model relates to the field of laboratory equipment used in studying the processes of drip-rain soil erosion, in particular when determining the range of dispersion of soil particles from the impact of falling water droplets on the soil aggregate at different speeds. The technical result achieved by using the claimed utility model is to provide the ability to determine the dispersion range and quantitative characteristics of the sprayed soil particles. The problem is solved in that the device for determining the range of dispersion of soil particles includes a telescopic support with a base, a dropper fixed to the support and a trap of soil particles, which is a set of disks of different diameters with an equal diameter change step, concentrically placed on the base under the dropper coaxially to its center along the diameter value decreases from the lower disk to the upper one, while the disks have a complex-shaped central part in the form of a truncated-conical protrusion with a depression in the center e, providing concentric fixation of the discs. The device implies the multiplicity and ease of use due to the simplicity of its design. 4 s.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

Technical field

The claimed utility model relates to the field of laboratory equipment used in studying the processes of drip-rain soil erosion, in particular when determining the range of dispersion of soil particles from the impact of falling water droplets on the soil aggregate at different speeds. The device can be used to study soil samples in the process of studying the dynamic effects of rain and the ongoing erosion processes.

State of the art

The prior art options for the execution of devices for similar purposes.

So, it is known a device for measuring the dynamic action of rain on the soil according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 155056, including a housing with a plastic membrane, a sound recording unit with a microphone, while the internal cavity of the housing is made in the form of an acoustic diaphragm. This technical solution allows to ensure the accuracy and simplification of the measurement process, increasing labor productivity. The magnitude of the frequency of sound vibrations of the membrane is proportional to the magnitude of the dynamic action of rain on the soil. The measuring device is calibrated according to the mass of the sprayed soil, depending on the different sizes of rain, the particle size distribution of the soil, the height of the drops and the frequency of sound vibrations.

A disadvantage of the known device is the inability to measure the range of dispersion of soil particles among other dynamic characteristics of the effects of rain on the soil. Meanwhile, this characteristic is essential in the study of erosion processes, soil leaching processes, etc.

In the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2569664, “a method for evaluating the impact of rain drops”, a method is disclosed comprising treating soil samples with balls whose mass and size are identical to the mass and size of rain drops. The essence of the method for assessing the impact of rain drops, including watering the soil sample with droplets, measuring the radius of expansion of soil particles and assessing the impact of rain drops, is that the soil samples are additionally treated with balls whose mass and size are identical to the mass and size of rain drops, fixing at this, the radii of expansion of soil particles, then compare them with the radii of expansion of soil particles, measured during the processing of soil samples with rain drops, and the impact The action of raindrops on the soil.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the difficulty of implementation and the unreliability of such an assessment due to the fact that the balls do not deform when dropped, which cannot be said about the drop, so the identity of the ball and the rain drop is not a valid assumption.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed device is a device for studying the intensity of drip erosion by AS USSR No. 1103147, comprising a telescopic support with a dropper mounted on it and a container with a soil sample and a trap of eroded particles located on the base, made in the form of a screen with a hole coaxial with the center of the dropper, on the surface of the screen facing the dropper there is a removable adhesive coating on which a stenograph has applied concentric circles.

The main disadvantage of the known design is the one-time use of the coating, which remains sprayed soil particles. In addition, given the specific nature of the attachment of soil particles to the coating (adhesion), it is rather difficult to flush or remove particles from each concentric ring separately, as a result of which it becomes impossible to determine the quantitative characteristic of the scattered particles in one zone (within the same ring).

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the utility model is to create a device for determining the range of dispersion of soil particles from the impact of falling water droplets on the soil aggregate at different speeds (from different heights).

The technical result achieved by using the claimed utility model is to provide the ability to determine the dispersion range and quantitative characteristics of the sprayed soil particles. In addition, the device allows you to explore both bulk soil samples and individual aggregates, in contrast to the above analogues. The device implies the multiplicity and ease of use due to the simplicity of its design.

The problem is solved in that in the device for determining the range of dispersion of soil particles, including a telescopic support with a base, a dropper and a trap of soil particles fixed to the support, according to the technical solution, the trap of soil particles is a set of disks of different diameters with an equal diameter change step, concentrically placed on the base under the dropper coaxially to its center in decreasing diameter value from the lower disk to the upper one, while the disks have a complex central part in de truncated conical projection with a hollow in the center, providing a concentric locking discs. The lower disk from the kit is equipped with a rim around the circumference. The recess in the center of the upper disc is made in the form of a holder for placing a soil sample. In the central part of the disks (except the bottom), holes for draining water are made. The dropper can be made in the form of a burette, at the end of which a capillary droplet is installed.

The principle of operation of the inventive device is to disperse soil particles along the concentric annular planes of disks of different diameters, due to which soil particles are grouped by flight distance from the impact of a falling drop of water.

The inventive utility model is characterized by the following images:

In FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the claimed device.

In FIG. 2 schematically shows a top view of the claimed device.

In FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged sectional view of a central portion of concentrically placed discs.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

1. base;

2. racks of the lower tier of the telescopic support;

3. support pin;

4. the connecting plate of the racks of the lower tier;

5. racks of the middle tier of the telescopic support;

6. the connecting plate of the racks of the middle tier;

7. guide of the upper rack;

8. top rack;

9. burette holder;

10. burette;

11. capillary droplet former;

12. set of disks;

13. holder of the soil aggregate;

14. soil aggregate.

The claimed device is a laboratory equipment designed to study the strength of the soil aggregate, namely the resistance to impact of falling drops of water and determine the range of dispersion of soil particles from falling drops at different speeds (from different heights).

The device includes a telescopic support with a base 1. The support is a sliding three-tier structure comprising two parallel tubular racks of the lower tier 2, into which the racks of the middle tier 5 are inserted. The upper ends of the racks of the lower and middle tiers are connected by plates 4 and 6, respectively. Plate 6 is made triangular with holes in each of the corners. The upper ends of the racks of the middle tier are inserted into two holes, and the rack of the upper tier 8 is inserted through the guide sleeve 7 in the third hole. In the intermediate and upper positions of the rack, they are held by support pins 3 inserted into the holes of the lower racks and the guide bush. A clamp 9 is held at the upper end of the upper strut, holding the burette 10, and a capillary droplet 11 is installed at the lower end of the burette. The burette can be moved in the clamp. The relative relative movement of the racks in combination with the possibility of smooth movement of the burette makes it possible to install a droplet former at any height above the soil aggregate.

On the basis of a set of discs 12 made of sheet material, for example galvanized steel, brass or plastic. The number of disks in the set depends on the distance between the droplet former and the soil aggregate 14, affecting the speed (impact force of the droplet), as well as the required degree of grouping of the discarded particles. The disks are made of different diameters with equal pitch (from 50 mm) and are located on top of each other with a decrease in diameter from the base towards the dropper. The size of the lower disk should exceed the expected area of dispersion of soil particles. The lower disk, which has the largest diameter, is additionally provided with a rim around the circumference. There is also no hole in the lower disc for draining water. Thus, structurally, the lower disk is designed to collect water and protect the base of the device from contamination. A set of disks is placed under the dropper coaxially with it, that is, the centers of all disks lie on the same vertical axis passing through the droplet former. All disks have a complex central part, through which their (disks) are mutually fixed to each other. The central part of each disk is made with a truncated-conical protrusion with a recess in the center, equipped with an opening for draining water. The conical shape of the protrusions provides a reliable placement of the disks on top of each other (stringing), as well as fixing, eliminating their displacement relative to each other. The shape of the recess in the upper disk allows the holder 13 to be placed in it with a soil sample (unit).

The inventive device operates as follows.

Previously, when conducting measurement experiments, the device is prepared for work by conducting tincture. Select the required number of disks and place them in the form of a set on the base under the dropper, centering the disks relative to the droplet former. A holder with a soil sample (aggregate) is placed in the recess of the upper disk. By adjusting the racks of the telescopic support, the height of the dropper is set relative to the studied soil sample. The burette is filled with water, the tap of the burette is opened to start the study. Water from the burette through the droplet drops to the soil aggregate. Falling drops of water knock out particles from the soil aggregate, which, scattering in different directions and settling on the disks, will be grouped on the disks according to the dispersion range. After falling the required number of drops, the burette tap is closed and the results obtained are analyzed. So, after disassembling the disks, you can install:

1. Range of dispersion of soil particles;

2. Accuracy of dispersion of soil particles;

3. The weight distribution of particles over a range.

4. Fractional composition of particles (in size) that fly apart at different distances.

Concrete example

To implement the inventive device, a three-tiered rod structure with a clamp for a burette with a length of 75 cm was made, at the end of which a drop former was made, made of a medical needle 0.6 × 30 mm in size. Based on the device, a set of disks of 5 pieces with a diameter of 10 is installed under the droplet former; twenty; thirty; 40; 50 cm. A holder made of porous material is installed in the upper disk slot, a soil aggregate is placed (aggregates 3-5 mm, 5-7 mm, more than 7 mm were used during the experiment). Drops of water were produced from different heights: 175, 150, 125, 100, 75, 50, 25, 10 cm.

Thus, for a soil aggregate larger than 7 mm in size when droplets fell from a height of 125 cm, it was established that with its dry mass of 0.31 g, its slight destruction and sedimentation of the aggregate particles on disks in the amount of 0.23% of the mass of the aggregate occurred. In this case, the following distribution is observed: 1 disk (upper) - 0.13 wt. %, 2 disk - 0.05 wt. %, 3 disk - 0.02 wt. %, 4 disc - 0.03 wt. %, 5 disk (lower) - no particles.

The higher the speed of the water droplet, the higher its kinetic energy, respectively, the greater the number of particles knocked out of the aggregate scattered to the maximum distance recorded by the disks.

Claims (5)

1. A device for determining the range of dispersion of soil particles, including a telescopic support with a base, a dropper attached to the support and a soil particle trap, characterized in that the soil particle trap is a set of disks of different diameters with an equal diameter change step, concentrically placed coaxially on the base under the dropper its center in descending order of diameter from the lower disk to the upper, while the disks have a complex central part that provides concentric fixation of the disks, in in the form of a truncated-conical protrusion with a depression in the center. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the lower disk from the set is equipped with a rim around the circumference. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the recess in the center of the upper disk is made in the form of a holder for placing a soil sample. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the central part of the disks (except for the lower one), holes are made for draining the water. 5. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the dropper is made in the form of a burette, at the end of which a capillary droplet is installed.

Images