RU172040U1 - Separator for municipal solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The separator is designed to separate mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) by a grain size of 50 mm on screening surfaces, accompanied by breaking glass and removing glass and other ash components into the bottom product. The separator for solid municipal waste has an inclined frame with a screening surface mounted on it, which formed by rotating rolls with discs mounted on them and separators placed between them. Sort cells are formed between the disks and partitions. The separator also has a chain drive and a casing. It differs from the prototype in that the disks have a milling shape with serrated protrusions evenly distributed along the perimeter in the amount of at least 6 teeth, the teeth have a triangular shape with an arcuate cut apex, while one tooth edge is radial. The discs on the rolls are staggered, and the drive allows the discs to rotate away from the radial edge of the teeth. The angle between the edges of one tooth is determined by the number of teeth. With an optimal number of teeth of 6 pieces, the angle between the edges of the tooth is 45 °, that is, the second tooth edge is tangential. The technical result achieved is to increase the efficiency of the glass breaking process while reducing the likelihood of jammed discs with small debris.

Description

The separator is designed for the separation of mixed solid municipal waste (MSW) by a particle size of 50 mm on screening surfaces, accompanied by breaking glass and removing glass breakage and other ash components in the lower product. The separator can also be used as a highly efficient screen for screening the -50 mm fraction in other technological processes for sorting MSW.

Numerous machine designs are known based on screening technology for sorting municipal solid waste, in particular roller screens.

CN 102513289 describes a roll screen with working elements (discs) mounted on rotating parallel rolls. Work items have the shape of triangles with rounded vertices. The disks are staggered, that is, the disks of the subsequent roll enter the gap between the disks of the previous roll. The rolls installed in the housing are equipped with a chain drive and are located in a horizontal plane. Fine fractions are sieved into the lower product through the cells between the disks.

In the patent US 6371305 describes various designs of roller screens for the separation of materials (solid waste), including with a composite working element. The working elements are formed by two geometrically similar triangles with arched curved sides, touching each other at the ends, one of which is smaller than the other. Thus, a protruding rib is formed along the contour. The patent describes the design of screens with a steep slope (about 40 °) of the screening surface. Work items with their arcuate ribs throw material falling on them upward, while large objects, including bottles, either slide down or rise up and are dumped to the next section of the screen, and small fractions are sifted through the cells between the work elements. The presence of inclined surfaces makes the separation process more effective. However, as can be seen from the drawings presented in the patent, the rumble does not break the bottle, that is, it is not capable of recycling glass with greater efficiency, sieving it into the lower product.

EP 2759348 describes a sorting roll screen with working elements in the form of discs with many small rounded teeth around the perimeter that advance the screened mass along an inclined surface. The disks are staggered on adjacent rolls, cells are formed between them to separate the grains of small fractions. Weakly pronounced teeth on the surface of the discs are not suitable for breaking glass when it moves along the screening surface. Therefore, the use of this screen for the extraction of glass contained in MSW is also impractical, as described above analogues.

As a prototype, a screen was selected for separation of mixed recyclable materials OSS Separator [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1hfiqx_1Jk], manufacturer Bulk Handling Systems BHS, USA. The screen has two sequentially installed inclined sections with an angle of about 40 degrees., Placed in a common housing. The first section has two zones. The sieving zone is formed by working elements composed of double triangular disks with arched arched sides. The disks on adjacent rolls are mounted one opposite the other, while on one roll smaller triangles are located on one side, and on neighboring rolls on the other. Thus, with the opposite orientation of the vertices of the triangles, the protrusion of one working element enters the groove of another with the formation of a minimum gap between the side surfaces of the working elements. The loading zone is formed by single steel disks also triangular with arched arches. Disks are installed twice as often in this zone as in the sieving zone. Disks with dividers between them are mounted on rolls mounted on a support frame and are closed by a common casing. The screen is equipped with a chain drive. Unlike previous analogues, the prototype is designed for waste processing with the provision of breaking and grinding glass. The destruction of glass bottles is carried out during the passage of the disks of the first (boot) zone, on the sharp edges of which they are broken. In the same zone, the bulk of the broken glass is screened. Next, an intensive casting of material by disks up the second zone along an inclined screening surface and sieving of fine fractions into cells between the disks is carried out. In this design, the arcuate edges of the disks simultaneously perform the function of pushers and the function of disintegrators. Splitting glass on the edges of the discs when throwing fragments upward along a rather steep inclined surface is an energy-intensive process. In addition, there is a high probability of jamming disks with small debris (for example, pebbles) when it enters the gap between the vertices of the triangles.

The utility model is based on the task of expanding the arsenal of funds and creating a new separator for municipal solid waste, during which the waste separation process is accompanied by breaking glass and removing glass and other ash components into the bottom product. Achievable technical result - increasing the efficiency of the process of breaking glass while reducing the likelihood of jamming discs with small debris.

The problem is solved by changing the design.

The separator for municipal solid waste has an inclined frame with a screening surface mounted on it, which is formed by rotating rollers with discs mounted on them and separators placed between them. Sort cells are formed between the disks and partitions. The separator also has a chain drive and a casing. It differs from the prototype in that the disks have a milling shape with serrated protrusions evenly distributed along the perimeter in the amount of at least 6 teeth, the teeth have a triangular shape with an arcuate cut apex, while one tooth edge is radial. The discs on the rolls are staggered, and the drive allows the discs to rotate away from the radial edge of the teeth. The angle between the edges of one tooth is determined by the number of teeth. With an optimal number of teeth of 6 pieces, the angle between the edges of the tooth is 45 °, that is, the second edge of the tooth is tangential.

The inclination angle of the screening surface can be in the range of 8-12 °.

In order to better demonstrate the distinctive features of the utility model, as an example, not having any restrictive character, the preferred embodiment with six-tooth discs is described below. An example is illustrated by the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a general view of a separator with two screening surfaces. FIG. 2 - discs on rolls, FIG. 3 - sieving cells - top view.

The separator in its design is a roll screen. On the inclined support frame 1 of the separator, a screening surface 2 is fixed, formed by rolls 3 with disks 4 mounted in a checkerboard pattern. The separator is equipped with a drive with gear motors 5, one for each screening surface. The rollers 3 are interconnected by chain gears (not shown in the figures), allowing to coordinate their rotation. The speed of rotation is regulated by frequency converters. The design is closed by a casing 6 and has a feed chute 7. Separators are installed between the disks 8. The outer surfaces of the separators 8 and the side surfaces of the disks 4 form sieving cells 9. The sifting surface is mounted on a supporting structure, which is also a receiving hopper for the screened product. The inclination angle of the screening surface is adjustable and can range from 8 to 12 °.

The disks are shaped like a disk cutter with serrated protrusions distributed around the perimeter. The teeth 10 are based on a triangular shape with an arcuate cut top. One edge 11 of the tooth is radial. When making a six-tooth disc, as shown in FIG. 2, the angle between the edges is 45 °, that is, the second edge 12 of the tooth is tangential. The height of the tooth is 25-30% of the outer radius of the disc.

The separator works as follows. MSW loaded onto the screening surface, under the influence of rotating disks, move up the screening surface. The arcuate anterior tooth rib formed by the arch at the apex and tangential edge is pushing, or more accurately tossing, as is the curved edge of the triangular disk of the prototype. In this case, unlike the prototype, the disks have teeth with sharp (in the example, -45 ° angle) angles. When you hit these corners, the glass in the MSW breaks. The increased intensity of breaking is also ensured by increasing the number of teeth relative to the prototype, if we consider the vertices of the triangular disk of the prototype as analogues of the teeth. In the prototype, the disk has three such “teeth”, and in the position when one of the corners is below, there are no protrusions at all over the screening surface, only a pushing convex edge. In the declared separator, one or two sharp teeth are always located above the screening surface, about which the glass breaks. The fragments along with other components of the fine fractions are sieved through the cells into the receiving hopper. The shape, size and impact force of the working elements ensure breaking of brittle glass with minimal damage to the fuel components in MSW (paper, plastics). Thus, the maximum difference in particle size distribution between the removed and target fractions is achieved and effective screening is ensured.

In this case, the installation of disks in a staggered manner also increases the intensity of breaking, since it distributes the teeth of the disks over the surface and reduces the risk of jamming of disks with small particles, narrow gaps are not formed.

In the claimed separator, glass breaking occurs along the entire length of the screening surface, in contrast to the prototype, where intensive breaking occurs only in the first zone, in which the disks are located quite often.

Thus, a greater number of protrusions per area of the screening surface, and accordingly a larger number of impacts on destructive teeth, provide greater grinding ability.

Claims (3)

1. The separator for municipal solid waste, having an inclined frame with a screening surface mounted on it in the form of rolls with discs and dividers between them, with the formation of sorting cells, as well as having a chain drive and a casing, characterized in that the disks are made of serrated protrusions uniformly distributed around the perimeter, the teeth are triangular in shape with an arcuately cut top, one tooth edge is radial, while the disks on the rolls are staggered, and water enables the rotation drive in the direction of the radial edges of the teeth. 2. The separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk has 6 toothed protrusions, the second edge of the tooth being tangential. 3. The separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the screening surface does not exceed 12 °.

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