RU172029U1 - ICE BREAKER WITH IMPROVED ICE BREAKING CHARACTERISTICS - Google Patents

Abstract

A utility model - an icebreaker with improved cracking characteristics has ice teeth in the shape of a triangular pyramid mounted horizontally and vertically on the nasal contours on both sides of the stem. Their size and quantity depends on the shape of the nasal contours and the thickness of the ice in the navigation area. When the stem enters the ice mass, at the beginning, the teeth of the upper row alternately break into the width of the vessel, the strongest upper layer of ice, which is thrown to the sides by the hull, then the teeth of the next horizontal row break into their ice layer and this happens over the entire thickness of the ice across the entire width of the hull, so that part did not jam in the channel. Ice teeth can be installed on existing ships by reinforcing the set and lining.

Description

A utility model - an icebreaker with improved cracking characteristics refers to shipbuilding and water transport and relates to the technology of destruction of the ice cover when sailing in ice of various thicknesses.

Improved ice breaking characteristics are provided by the installation of ice teeth on the bow of the ship’s hull on both sides of the horizontal and vertical stems and entering the ice when the ship is moving, which destroys ice of various thicknesses over the entire height and width of the ship, which facilitates its passage through the ice sheet .

There is an icebreaker model (application 2008148188) with improved characteristics of penetration into ice, with a specially designed nose section dipped under water, characterized in that the ice mass is destroyed by bottom-up impact of the icebreaker’s underwater nose and the ice field breaks when it is lifted out of the water . This model is not widespread due to the massive complex design of the bow, the danger of damage to other vessels and berths during maneuvers.

There is a Patent SU 1122549 “The fore end of an ice navigation vessel with ice-breaking demarcation” in the underwater part of the vessel, made in the form of a wedge. The use of such adjustments is inefficient, because a change in draft of a cargo ship in ballast or loaded leads to a rise above the surface of the ice ice or lowering under the ice. With an ice thickness of more than 1 m, increased forces of the propulsion system are required to separate the massif into 2 horizontal parts and to extend it. The nadka protrudes forward and along the sides and poses an additional danger to ships and moorings during maneuvers.

Most of the icebreakers currently operating have a classic shape with an inclined stem and destroy ice due to the pressure of the stem on the ice edge and the expansion of the crack when it appears. If there is no crack, then the bow of the body goes onto the ice and breaks the ice with its weight. Sometimes the ice floe does not crack due to the pressure of the hull on the ice, so the bow of the crumpled ice crawls out onto the ice and the ship may wedge. There is a need to work in reverse and break the ice with several raids in front. Under these conditions, the speed of advancement decreases sharply, fuel consumption increases, and mechanisms break down due to inertial loads.

The objective of introducing the utility model is to facilitate the passage of icebreakers through the ice sheet of different thicknesses.

The problem is solved by installing ice teeth in the shape of a triangular pyramid on both sides of the inclined stem on the bow contours of the hull horizontally and vertically, the size and number of ice teeth and their placement depend on the size of the bow contours of the ship, its type and ice thickness in the navigation area. The upper row of ice teeth is located at water level with an ice thickness of less than 1 m, and at a height of 10-20 cm, if the ice thickness is more than 1 m, in order to destroy the upper, most durable layer of ice. The number of ice teeth in a horizontal row, their size depends on the length of the contours of the bow, so that it is possible to break the ice to the width of the cylindrical part of the body for its free passage and to prevent jamming in the channel. The number of horizontal rows of ice teeth depends on the thickness and strength of the ice in the area of navigation. On a transport vessel, the number of horizontal rows depends on the difference in the draft of the loaded vessel or in the ballast, so that the trim height can be used to select the required height above the water level of the upper row of teeth. The most rational position of the upper row of ice teeth for each type of icebreaker and the thickness of a particular ice field is chosen by the trim before starting the passage through the ice sheet.

The graphic materials presented:

Icebreaker Victor Chernomyrdin launched in December 2016

In FIG. 1 bow of the icebreaker on the side, 6 - surface of the water,

7 - a possible vertical view of the ice.

In FIG. 2 horizontal planes of the bow by levels:

1 - main deck, 2 - upper horizontal row of teeth,

3 - lower horizontal row of teeth, 4, 5 - ice teeth.

Improved cracking of ice occurs as follows (symmetrically on both sides):

- when the inclined stem of the icebreaker comes into contact with the upper part of the vertical wall of ice, the first ice tooth of the upper horizontal row enters the ice, raises the upper layer, which is destroyed and leans to the side with the skin;

- the second tooth of the upper row approaches the wall, lifts the upper layer at a greater distance from the diametrical plane of the icebreaker, it leans to the side and the ice channel expands;

- then the first tooth of the second horizontal row enters the vertical wall of ice below the previous one and breaks the second layer up, and the broken one is folded back by the body to the place freed from the upper layer, and so the next teeth act vertically, and the lower row of teeth breaks off the bottom layer of ice and squeezes out the body under water;

- the following teeth of the upper row extend the upper part of the channel along the width of the hull, behind them the ice breaks the teeth of the underlying rows, expanding the channel along the width of the hull to the entire thickness of the ice. The lower weak layer of ice is squeezed out by the body under the ice cover.

As a result of such interaction of separate ice teeth with ice, its layer-by-layer fragmentary destruction and removal from the channel occurs when the vessel moves. With such destruction of the ice by the teeth during the passage of the icebreaker, there is no formation of large ice floes behind it, which are dangerous for vessels following the channel under the wiring. Such a fragmented destruction of the ice mass does not require additional power of the propulsion system, as when breaking a significant ice mass across the entire thickness with one stem in a single place. In addition, when moving in thick ice, the teeth that entered the sides of the ice channel prevent the bow from reaching the ice and prevent the ship from jamming and stopping.

Ice teeth are not dangerous when maneuvering, mooring the vessel to the berth or to another vessel on board, because it is located on the bow contours below the waterline and does not extend beyond the cylindrical part of the hull.

You can install ice teeth on existing icebreakers. this does not require the development of a new hull design, but only local reinforcement of the set and casing is necessary, damage to several teeth does not lead to the decommissioning of the vessel, their replacement or repair is possible when setting in lock.

Claims (1)

An icebreaker with improved breaking characteristics of ice, having a body consisting of a cylindrical central part, aft part with a propulsion system and a bow with an inclined bow, characterized in that ice teeth are installed horizontally and vertically on both sides of the inclined shaft on the contours of the bow of the body in the shape of a triangular pyramid, their size, number and location depend on the size and shape of the bow contours of the vessel and the thickness of the ice in the navigation area, the upper row of ice teeth is located I am at water level in order to destroy the top most durable layer of ice, and the number of ice teeth in the horizontal rows depends on the length of the nasal contours, so that the cylindrical part of the body does not jam in the ice channel, and the number of horizontal rows is enough for layer-by-layer destruction of ice throughout its thickness.

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