RU170484U1 - Crank Granulator - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed solution relates to the production of spherical granular materials that can be used in construction, paint and varnish and other industries, for example, during drilling operations, as a heat-insulating backfill, for granulation of foam silicates, animal feed, etc. Raw granules supplied to the pelletizer body 1 through the inlet window 2, are picked up by a swirling gas stream entering through the pipe 4. The gas stream, making rotational movements in the annular space between the walls th housing 1 and the central exhaust pipe 5, is moved towards the outlet window 3 and is discharged through the central hole of the exhaust pipe 5 and / or through the additional window 11 and the axial slot 12. The raw granules under the action of the axial gas flow and gravity move along towards the exit window 3, rolling and drying in the process of its movement. In the case of rotation of the housing 1, the rotation contributes to the movement of the granules: accelerating or slowing down the movement of granules depending on the direction of rotation. Finished granules are poured through the outlet window 3 of the housing 1 into the discharge hopper 6 or (in case of partial or complete blocking of the outlet window 3) are discharged by the exhaust gas stream through the central exhaust pipe 5. The technical result of the proposed solution is to simplify the device, increase the efficiency of the process and the quality of the finished product.

Description

The proposed solution relates to the production of spherical granular materials that can be used in the construction, paint and varnish and other industries, for example, during drilling operations, as a heat-insulating backfill, for granulating foam silicates, animal feed, etc.

Known drum (axisymmetric) granulator of foam silicate gravel, in the upper part of which there is an input window for feeding raw granules, and in the lower part there is an output window for unloading rounded granules (patent for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2291126, IPC C03C 11/00, 2007) . The granules obtained by pelletizing in a drum granulator enter a drum dryer. The disadvantage of this solution are: low intensity of the process of pelletizing; the inability to separate the granules during the pelletizing process; low process efficiency and quality of the finished product in view of the lack of the possibility of influencing the process parameters; the inability to control the intensity of the process of pelletizing in individual sections of the rotating drum of the granulator.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a pelletizer-pelletizer, including an axisymmetric casing, an inlet window for feeding raw granules located in the upper part of the casing, an outlet window for unloading rounded pellets located in the lower part of the casing, and a device for twisting the gas flow introduced into the casing (Autos Certificate for the invention of the USSR No. 1318284, IPC B01J 8/38 1987). The disadvantage of this solution is the low efficiency of the pelletizing process in view of the fact that:

- Pellet pelletizing is carried out during countercurrent interaction of granules with a gas stream. This leads to the fact that the granules picked up in the zone of pelletizing by the ascending gas stream become even lighter during the drying process and, therefore, will never sink into the discharge zone. Only heavier granules will fall into the unloading zone, which are not captured in the pelletizing zone by the upward gas flow (and, accordingly, pass the pelletizing stage). Thus, in this solution, the pelletizing function is absent.

- There is a removal of granules by the exhaust gas stream.

- There is no possibility of separation of granules in the process of pelletizing.

- There is no possibility of regulating the intensity of the pelletizing process.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of the pelletizing process.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the granulator-pelletizer, which includes an axisymmetric casing, an inlet window for feeding raw granules located in the upper part of the casing, an exit window for unloading the rounded granules located in the lower part of the casing, and a device for twisting the gas introduced into the casing flow, the housing is equipped with a central exhaust pipe for exhaust gas flow, and a device for twisting the gas flow introduced into the housing is located in the upper part of the housing (from input window for feeding raw granules).

The introduction of a central exhaust pipe to exhaust the exhaust gas stream allows to increase the efficiency of the pellet pelletizing process, since it reduces the length of the body section with the oncoming gas flow (working and exhaust), reducing the entrainment of granules and loss of flow pressure.

Placing the device for swirling the gas flow introduced into the housing in the upper part of the housing (from the side of the input window for supplying raw granules) improves the efficiency of the pellet pelletizing process, as it provides direct-flow interaction of the pellets with the gas stream during the pelletizing process. This leads to the fact that all the raw granules are picked up by a swirling gas stream and, moving with it into the discharge zone, undergo pelletizing.

The entire body or at least one part of the body is made in the form of a cone, tapering towards the exit window. The housing can be made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination, with the possibility of rotation around the central axis, changing the direction and speed of rotation. The pelletizer-pelletizer is equipped with a temperature controller for the gas flow introduced into the housing, an axial and tangential velocity controller for the gas flow introduced into the housing, and the housing is equipped with a heater.

At the same time, the place of output of the exhaust gas stream into the central exhaust pipe is made with the possibility of moving from the input window of the pelletizer body to the discharge zone of the pellet pellets. In the central exhaust pipe, two or more places are provided for discharging the exhaust gas stream and / or a slot for discharging the exhaust gas stream, provided with one or more adjustable shutters. The housing can be equipped with additional windows for introducing auxiliary gas flows that locally intensify the movement of granules.

The exit window of the pelletizer housing can partially function as a central exhaust pipe to exhaust the exhaust gas stream. In addition, the exit window of the pelletizer body can be made with the possibility of its partial or full adjustable overlap, and the central exhaust pipe partially or fully performs the function of the exit window for unloading the rounded pellets.

Thus, in the process of pelletizing, the granules are dried by a gas stream, while the drying speed of the granules is controlled by a change in the temperature of the gas stream. In addition, in the process of pelletizing, granules can be dried by heating the pelletizer body. The residence time of the granules in the pelletizer body is controlled by changing the angle of inclination of the pelletizer body and / or by changing the direction and speed of rotation of the pelletizer body. The residence time and the intensity of pellet pelletizing in the pelletizer body are controlled by changing the axial and tangential velocities of the supplied gas stream. The parameters of the pelletizing process by pelletizing are controlled by moving the place of withdrawal of the exhaust gas stream to the central exhaust pipe over a section from the input window of the pelletizer body to the discharge zone of pelletized pellets. In addition, the control of the parameters of the pelletizing process by pelletizing can be carried out due to:

- the creation of two or more places of output of the exhaust gas stream into the Central exhaust pipe.

- changes in the size of the slit for the output of the exhaust gas stream, made in the Central exhaust pipe.

- summing up additional gas flows into the pelletizer housing that locally intensify the movement of the granules.

Part of the gas stream is discharged through the outlet window of the pelletizer housing, providing transportation of granules outside the pelletizer, and partial or complete withdrawal of granules from the pelletizer is carried out by the exhaust gas stream through the central exhaust pipe

The energy of the gas stream is used to move the granules during the pelletizing process. In this case, the supply of raw granules to the input window of the axisymmetric (cylindrical, conical, cylindrical, etc.) pelletizer body and their movement to the output window of the pelletizer body by a swirling gas stream, the output of which is through the central exhaust pipe, is carried out as in a cyclone.

Drying the granules with a hot conveying gas stream during the process of pelletizing and / or by heating with the help of a housing heater simplifies the process, since it allows two stages to be implemented simultaneously: pelletizing and drying of the pellets.

The choice of the cone angle of the pelletizer during the manufacturing process allows you to adjust the residence time of the pellets in the pelletizer, and the conical shape of the pelletizer, tapering along the movement of the granules, allows you to increase the intensity of the pelletizing process as the granules approach the exit window.

To increase the efficiency of the processes of rolling and drying allows regulation:

- the residence time of the granules in the pelletizer body by changing the angle of inclination of the pelletizer body;

- the residence time of the granules in the pelletizer body by changing the direction and speed of rotation of the pelletizer body, which is configured to rotate around a central axis;

- the drying speed of the granules by changing the temperature of the gas stream using the temperature controller introduced into the body of the gas stream;

- the residence time and intensity of pellet pelletizing in the pelletizer body by changing the axial and tangential velocity of the supplied gas stream using the axial and tangential velocity controller of the gas stream introduced into the housing;

- process parameters due to the displacement of the place of withdrawal of the exhaust gas stream into the central exhaust pipe over the section from the input window of the pelletizer body to the discharge zone of the pellet pellets;

- process parameters by creating two or more places for the output of the exhaust gas stream into the central exhaust pipe;

- process parameters due to changes in the size of the slit to adjust the exhaust gas flow in the central exhaust pipe with an adjustable damper;

- process parameters by feeding the pelletizer into the casing through additional windows to enter auxiliary gas flows that locally intensify the movement of the granules.

The withdrawal of a part of the gas stream through the exit window of the pelletizer body (if the exit window partially functions as a central exhaust pipe to exhaust the exhaust gas stream) ensures the transportation of granules outside the pelletizer housing and, if necessary, their further classification, which eliminates the need to install additional mechanisms and elements. In addition, in this case, the interaction time of the granules with the gas stream increases, prolonging the drying process. Similar technical results are achieved in the case of partial or complete withdrawal of rounded pellets from the pelletizer body by the exhaust gas flow through the central exhaust pipe (if the output window of the pelletizer body is made with the possibility of its partial or full adjustable overlap, and the central exhaust pipe partially or fully performs the function of the output window for unloading rounded pellets).

In FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of a granulator-pelletizer; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a granulator-pelletizer, the casing of which is made of several conically connected conical shells equipped with nozzles for supplying additional gas flows.

The casing 1 of the pelletizer is equipped with an input window 2 for supplying raw granules located in the upper part of the housing 1, and an output window 3 for outputting finished granules located in the lower part of the housing 1. Pellets are rolled below the entrance window 2. The housing 1 is equipped with a nozzle 4 for input a gas stream and a central exhaust pipe 5 for exhausting the exhaust gas stream. The exit window 3 connects the housing 1 to the discharge hopper 6. The gas flow at the entrance to the housing 1 passes through a device 7 for twisting the gas flow introduced into the housing, located in the upper part of the housing 1 (from the input window 2 for supplying raw granules), where the flow is twisted (as in cyclones) either by tangential input, or by passing through twisting (guiding) elements (socket, screw, blades, vanes, etc.). The place of output of the exhaust gas stream into the Central exhaust pipe 5 is arranged to move from the inlet window 2 to the discharge hopper 6, for example, by making the exhaust pipe 5 telescopic. The housing 1 is equipped with a heater in the form of a steam jacket 8.

The housing 1 can have any axisymmetric shape (cylindrical, cylindrical, etc.), but the shape in the form of a cone tapering towards the exit window 3 is optimal, which allows increasing the intensity of the pelletizing process as the granules are “ready”.

The housing 1 is made: with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination; rotatable around a central axis; with the ability to control the speed and direction of rotation. Choosing (in the manufacturing process) the taper angle of the housing 1, you can adjust the residence time of the granules in the apparatus.

The drying speed of the granules is changed by the regulator 9 of the temperature of the gas stream due to: a) cooling or heating before feeding into the housing 1 or b) adding atmospheric air to the gas stream.

The residence time and the intensity of pellet pelletizing in the housing 1 is controlled by the axial and tangential velocity controller 10 of the supplied gas stream due to a change in: the speed of the gas stream supplied to the body 1; direction (angle) of the gas flow; the position of the twisting elements.

The parameters of the pelletizing and drying processes are regulated as follows:

- by moving the exhaust gas outlet to the central exhaust pipe 5 over a section from the input window 2 of the housing 1 to the discharge zone of the rounded pellets and even further (moving the input end of the exhaust pipe 5 to the discharge hopper 6), for example, by making the exhaust pipe 5 telescopic ;

- the creation of two or more places for the output of the exhaust gas stream into the Central exhaust pipe 5, for example, due to the implementation in the exhaust pipe 5 of an additional window 11 with a variable bore (in addition to the existing axial output of the gas stream in the exhaust pipe 5);

- execution in the Central exhaust pipe 5 of the axial slit 12 (one or more) to output the exhaust gas stream and changing its size, for example, by moving through the pipe one or more cuffs 13;

- bringing into the housing 1 through additional windows 14 auxiliary gas streams that locally intensify the movement of granules;

- the withdrawal of a part of the gas stream through the outlet window 3 of the housing 1 (if the outlet window 3 partially functions as a central exhaust pipe 5 for exhausting the exhaust gas stream), which increases the time of interaction of the granules with the gas stream and prolongs the drying process;

- a change using the shutter 15 of the cross section of the exit window 3 for the output of finished granules (up to complete overlap) - in this case, the output (partial or full) of the rounded granules from the housing 1 is carried out by the exhaust gas stream through the central exhaust pipe 5.

The device operates as follows.

Raw granules fed into the housing 1 of the pelletizer through the inlet window 2 are picked up by a swirling gas stream entering through the pipe 4. The gas stream, making rotational movements in the annular space between the wall of the housing 1 and the central exhaust pipe 5, moves towards the outlet window 3 and is discharged through the Central hole of the exhaust pipe 5 and / or through an additional window 11 and the axial slot 12.

Raw granules under the action of axially moving gas flow and gravity move from the inlet window 2 towards the outlet window 3, rolling and drying in the process of its movement. In the case of rotation of the housing 1, the rotation contributes to the movement of the granules: accelerating or slowing down the movement of granules depending on the direction of rotation. Finished granules are poured through the outlet window 3 of the housing 1 into the discharge hopper 6 or (in the case of a partial or complete overlap of the outlet window 3) are discharged by the exhaust gas stream through the central exhaust pipe 5.

During the pelletizing process, granules can be dried by a gas stream, for this the gas stream is specially preheated or flue gases are used. The drying speed of the granules is regulated by changing the temperature of the gas stream. Granules can also be dried by heating the housing 1 using electricity or a water (steam) jacket 8.

The residence time of the granules in the housing 1 can be controlled by changing the angle of inclination of the housing 1, and if the housing 1 is made to rotate around a central axis, by changing the direction and speed of rotation of the housing 1.

The output of a part of the gas stream through the exit window 3 of the housing 1 provides transportation of granules to the discharge hopper 6 and, if necessary, their further classification. In this case, the drying time of the granules increases. Similar effects are achieved in the case of partial or complete removal of the rounded granules from the housing 1 by the exhaust gas stream through the central exhaust pipe 5.

Claims (13)

1. Granulator-pelletizer, including an axisymmetric housing, an input window for feeding raw granules located in the upper part of the housing, an output window for unloading rounded granules located in the lower part of the housing, and a device for twisting the gas flow introduced into the housing, characterized in that the housing is equipped with a central exhaust pipe for exhausting the exhaust gas stream, and a device for twisting the gas stream introduced into the housing is located in the upper part of the housing. 2. Granulator-pelletizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire housing or at least one part of the housing is made in the form of a cone, tapering towards the outlet window. 3. Granulator-pelletizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the housing is made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of inclination. 4. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the housing is made to rotate around a central axis, changing direction and speed of rotation. 5. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that it is equipped with a temperature regulator introduced into the body of the gas stream. 6. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that it is equipped with a regulator of the axial and tangential velocity of the gas stream introduced into the housing. 7. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that the housing is equipped with a heater. 8. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that the place of output of the exhaust gas stream into the Central exhaust pipe is arranged to move from the input window of the body of the pelletizer to the discharge zone of the rounded pellets. 9. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that in the Central exhaust pipe there are two or more places for the output of the exhaust gas stream. 10. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that in the Central exhaust pipe there is a slot for outputting the exhaust gas stream, equipped with one or more adjustable shutters. 11. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that the casing is equipped with additional windows for the input of auxiliary gas flows, locally intensifying the movement of granules. 12. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the output window of the pelletizer body partially functions as a central exhaust pipe for exhaust gas flow. 13. Granulator-pelletizer according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that the exit window of the pelletizer body is configured to partially or fully regulate it, and the central exhaust pipe partially or fully performs the function of the exit window for unloading the pellets.

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