RU169703U1 - HOPPER INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to smoking plants and can be used for smoking processes of fish and meat products, in cheese making industries. The installation includes a thermally insulated vertical chamber, a vertical rotating shaft with media for the product. Product carriers are mounted on the shaft with the ability to control the distance between them depending on the product used. The working chamber has an octagonal cross section. The ventilation unit contains an external exhaust fan and a recirculation fan. The recirculation fan is located in the false ceiling of the chamber. Recirculation provides a flow of drying agent inside the chamber, a partial discharge of the spent and supplying fresh drying agent to the chamber. The heater block is built into the supply air ducts of the false ceiling. The installation provides effective mixing of smoke from an external smoke generator and fresh air, as well as the necessary humidification of the resulting mixture with steam from a steam generator. Smoke plant allows you to process the product of various size-mass and species composition, compact and allows you to produce food products of uniform quality. 3 s.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to smoking devices and can be used for hot, semi-hot, cold smoking, drying and drying of fish and meat products, and smoking of cheese.

A known installation for smoking food products (US Pat. RF No. 2032346, publ. 10.04.95), including a chamber with a pipe for supplying smoke and a gas exhaust pipe, heaters in the lower part of the chamber, a smoke generator with a heater and a hopper for sawdust. There are no fans in the installation, while the smoke-air mixture is fed into the chamber due to the gradients of heat and mass transfer. The spent flue-air mixture is discharged into the water trap through a pipeline, where resinous substances also flow down the second pipeline.

A disadvantage of the known installation is the lack in the design of devices for preparing the mixture with the required parameters (air conditioning or mixing chamber), which does not imply an adjustment of the relative humidity in the chamber. In this regard, it is advisable to use the installation mainly only for processing meat and sausage products, since the latter, unlike fish, can be smoked according to technological conditions at a sufficiently high relative humidity in the chamber.

A known installation for the heat treatment of meat, sausages and fish (Pat. RF No. 2142709, publ. 20.12.99), including a thermally insulated chamber, inside of which is a casing with perforated panels. In the upper part of the chamber in the recirculation manifolds there is a fan, on the suction window of which there is an ejector connected to the casing. Inside the casing there is a nozzle for supplying coolant into the chamber and a nozzle for water injection. The air duct is made in the form of a bend with a sump and a fitting for condensate drain. Between the walls of the chamber and the casing in the upper part of the installation are electric heaters. In the rear wall of the chamber there is an opening with a pipe to remove the exhaust gas mixture. The chamber is connected to a smoke generator, at the outlet of which a spark arrester, a smoke filter and a cooler are installed. The unit is designed for heat treatment of products in a vapor-air and smoke-air environment.

The disadvantages of the known installation are:

- the complexity of manufacturing and significant metal consumption per unit area, which increases the cost of construction;

- imperfection of the smoke generation system that requires additional equipment (spark arrestor, smoke filter, cooler), in addition, unregulated high-temperature pyrolysis of wood with the release of an increased amount of carcinogenic substances arises in “cigarette” type smoke generators, which reduces the safety of food products;

- the complexity of regulating the relative humidity of the coolant in the chamber can lead to defects in the finished product, for example, when processing fish, which reduces the versatility of the installation.

Closest to the inventive smoking installation is a plant for heat treatment of food products, including a vertical cylindrical chamber with tiers located on a hollow vertical shaft with a drive carrier in the form of rods, a loading and unloading hatch, a ventilation system with recirculation of a smoking-drying agent and tubular heating elements (Pat. RF №2102891, publ. 01/27/98).

The disadvantages of the known installation are:

- the use in the design of special media in the form of fixed rods fixed to the shaft of a certain diameter, which reduces the versatility when it is necessary to process fish on rods of a different size or on nets;

- the difficulty of creating a uniform velocity field of the drying agent along the height of the chamber when using a perforated shaft, which negatively affects the efficiency of the work;

- the presence of a significantly smaller width of the chamber of the loading and unloading opening, which complicates the operations of loading and unloading the product, the sanitation of the camera;

- high complexity of cleaning soot and resins of the internal section of the pipelines of the perforated shaft;

- the complexity of the modular layout of this type of cameras in units due to the lack of flat exterior fences in them.

The technical result, which is achieved by the claimed utility model, is to create a universal smoking installation of a modular type, increasing the efficiency of the installation.

The technical result is achieved by the design features of the installation, including a thermally insulated vertical chamber with tiers located on it along the height of a vertical shaft equipped with a gear motor, media for the product, a medium supply system, a medium heating device, fans, media for the product mounted on a vertical shaft with using clamping mechanisms of fixation, each of which is a threaded connection of the shaft with an external bearing sleeve, moving in height to la and fixing the bearing bush, vary the distance between the carriers for the product, the internal cross-section of the working chamber volume formed octagonal.

The proposed smoking installation is illustrated by the drawings shown in FIG. 1-5.

In FIG. 1-3, respectively, frontal, profile and horizontal sections of the installation are shown, in FIG. 4 is a horizontal section through a false ceiling, in FIG. 5 shows a General view of the proposed smoke plant.

The essence of the utility model is as follows.

The installation includes a thermally insulated vertical chamber 1 with a hermetically closing door 2 (Fig. 1, 2). In the working volume of the chamber 1, a shaft 3 is vertically placed, to which torque is transmitted from the gear motor 4 through the coupling 5 (Fig. 2). The shaft 3 is mounted on the support bearing 6 of the floor of the chamber 1. The height of the shaft 3 with an adjustable pitch fixes the media for the product - frame 7 with rods 8 or grids 9, on which the product 10 is placed (Fig. 1, 2, 3). The step adjustment depending on the size of the product is provided by the clamping mechanisms 11 for fixing the frames 7 on the shaft 3. The fixing mechanism 11 is a threaded connection of the shaft 3 with a supporting sleeve of cylindrical section located outside the shaft 3 (“pipe section”). The distance between the frames 7 is changed by moving along the height of the shaft 3 of the bearing bushings of the locking mechanism 11, followed by fixing their quick-release threaded connection (wing bolt) of the sleeve with the shaft 3. The cross section of the internal working volume of the chamber 1 is made octagonal, i.e. represents an octagon, the faces of which are formed by the inner surfaces of the walls, the surface of the door 2 of the chamber 1, air ducts 12 and chippers 13 (Fig. 3), a similar section of the working chamber 1 contributes to the creation of good aerodynamic and thermal characteristics inside the chamber 1.

The chippers 13 are made of sheet metal face the octagonal section of the chamber 1 in the plan. The chippers 13 are designed to reflect the prepared drying agent from the supply air ducts 12 into the working volume of the chamber 1, thereby minimizing the loss of the flow of the drying agent in the corners of the chamber 1. The supply air ducts 19 built into the cross section of the chamber 1 ensure uniform processing of the smoke placed on the rotating media or air.

The unit has a compact built-in recirculation system of the drying agent, it includes the following circuit of its movement:

- sampling the spent drying agent from the ducts 12 and the freshly prepared drying agent from the pipe 14 into the rarefaction zone through the hole 15 in the false ceiling 16 by means of a recirculation fan 17 with an electric motor 18;

- distribution and heating of the resulting mixture in the supply ducts 19 of the false ceiling 16 with the heating elements 20 installed in them (Fig. 1);

- supply of a heated working medium through the air ducts 12 to the chamber 1 and after working out again for circulation.

The installation contains:

- a system for utilizing a portion of the spent drying agent, which includes an exhaust pipe 21 with a gas valve 21a and an external exhaust fan 22 (FIG. 2);

- smoke generation system - smoke generator 23, ensuring the flow of the process of pyrolysis of wood at temperatures that exclude the risk of the formation of carcinogenic substances (Fig. 3, 4);

- a steam generation system that includes an external steam generator (not shown in FIGS. 1-5) to moisten the drying agent, for example, during the process of boiling the product;

- a system of gas valves 21a, 24a, 25a, 26a for regulating the volumes of the spent mixture, smoke, fresh air and steam, respectively;

- a system for automatically controlling the operating modes of the installation (not shown in Fig. 1-5).

The smoking installation of the claimed design has the following advantages:

- the ability to control the distance between the media for the product, which increases the versatility of processing the product of various size-mass and species composition;

- good aerodynamic and thermal characteristics inside the chamber due to the octagonal section of the internal working volume of the chamber;

- the absence of stagnant zones in the chamber due to carriers with the product rotating on the shaft and a uniform velocity field in the chamber, which helps to improve the quality of the finished product;

- the possibility of using rods or grids, as well as their joint use;

- compact design with built-in recirculation and drying agent heating systems;

- ease of maintenance and sanitation of the internal space with the width of the doorway corresponding to the working section of the chamber, as well as the external - due to the small volume of the protruding reinforcement;

- modularity, which makes it possible to assemble single-row or double-row units from several autonomous units in an adjacent way by the side or rear walls, while simultaneously processing different types of fish, as well as creating compact smoke-drying parks;

- the possibility of using simple automatic control circuits, which provides high reliability while maintaining the required heat treatment modes.

Installation works as follows.

On the control unit (not shown in Fig. 1-5), the optimal mode of heat treatment of the product is established, the heating elements 20, recirculation 17 and exhaust fan 22 are turned on. Upon reaching a predetermined degree of heating of the inner walls of the chamber 1, the recirculation fan 17 is temporarily turned off, the product 7 is loaded onto the rods 7 on rods 8 or grids 9. The frames 7 are preliminarily fixed with the necessary step along the height of the shaft 3 with clamping mechanisms 11 for fixing. Door 2 is tightly closed. Product 10 is processed during regulation of the parameters of the drying agent from the control unit (temperature, relative humidity, circulation speed) in automatic or manual mode. Steam for the process of cooking the product or moistening the mixture is generated by the steam generator (not shown in Fig. 1-5) and enters through the pipe 26 into the pipe 14 and then into the chamber 1. Smoke for the smoking process from the smoke generator 23 through the pipe 24 enters through the pipe 14 into the chamber one.

At the end of the heat treatment process, the product is cooled by intensively supplying fresh air through the pipe 25 to the pipe 14 and then to the chamber 1. When cooling, the gas valves 24a and 26a of the pipes 24 and 26, respectively, are completely closed, and the valve 21a of the pipe 21 is fully open. If necessary, mixing in the right proportions of smoke, air, steam, pipe 14 acts as a collector (mixing chamber).

Claims (4)

1. Smoke plant, comprising a vertical chamber with tiers located in it along the height of a vertical shaft equipped with a gear motor, product carriers, a medium supply system, a medium heating device, fans, characterized in that the product carriers are mounted on a vertical shaft with the help of clamping mechanisms of fixation, each of which is a threaded connection of a shaft with a bearing sleeve located outside, moving along the height of the shaft and fixing the bearing sleeve, change the distance between Carriers for product, the internal cross-section of the working chamber volume formed octagonal. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the octagonal cross-section of the working volume of the chamber is formed by the inner surfaces of the walls, doors, supply air ducts and chippers. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a false ceiling in which a recirculation fan is located. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for heating the working medium of the heating elements are located in the supply ducts of the false ceiling.

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