RU2800776C2 - Drying plant for organic products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the food industry. The installation for drying food products is characterized by the fact that it contains a chamber with frames for processed products, a heater, a dehumidifier, a refrigeration unit, supply and exhaust ventilation, a control cabinet with sensors for measuring temperature and humidity and circulation fans, and the chamber housing is made in the form of a closed volume, limited by the side walls, floor and ceiling, under the ceiling inside the chamber with a gap between the side walls and the ceiling, a false ceiling is made with heaters and heater fans that provide heating and air movement in a horizontal plane, the entire volume of the chamber is divided along vertically mounted frame racks with mounted inside them fans into zones; lower - in the longitudinal, thereby excluding the stagnation zone in the chamber.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the specific productivity of the installations and the drying efficiency of organic products.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of food products, namely to devices for cold drying of organic products [A23B 4/03, A23B 4/031].

A DEVICE FOR DRYING CANNED MEAT AND FISH [CN208624472 (U), publ.: 03/22/2019] is known from the prior art, containing: quality control equipment, drying equipment and control equipment, the drying equipment is equipped with a drying chamber, equipment for processing the environment and a fan equipment, and the quality control equipment includes the base frame, quality sensors, signal lines, the quality control equipment is installed in the drying chamber, one side of the fan communicates with the drying chamber, and the other side of the fan is in contact with the medium. The disadvantage of the analog is the low quality of the resulting product and the duration of the drying process, due to the primitive design of the device, as well as the high complexity of drying, due to the need for periodic mixing of the prepared product due to the presence of stagnant zones in the drying chamber, not covered by convection air flows.

Also known is a DEVICE FOR DRYING AND STORING AGRICULTURAL AND FISHING PRODUCTS [KR101105665 (B1), publ.: 01/18/2012], containing a chamber for drying agricultural and fishing products, a channel for air inlet into the chamber, an air intake and a fan mounted in the opening of the channel for air inlet to force fresh air into the chamber, and located on the lower side of the fan, a heating device for heating the incoming air, consisting of a heater with copper pin plates, an air flow unit provided in the immediate vicinity of the heating device to adjust the speed of hot air entering the chamber, a plurality of air inlet lamellas, a sensor for measuring the temperature and humidity of the air entering the chamber, an exhaust air circulation path formed at the top of the drying chamber to circulate the discharged exhaust air, and an exhaust air discharge path provided in the exhaust air circulation path to exhaust exhaust air; a cooling device provided in the exhaust air circulation path for cooling the moist exhaust air to remove moisture and preheat; a high-pressure blower to inlet the exhaust air into the cooling device and a damper for the intake of exhaust air, so that the exhaust air discharged from the cooling device enters the air inlet channel, a control device for adjustment connecting the cooling device in the exhaust air circulation channel and the evaporator to cool the exhaust air; the condenser for preheating the exhaust air discharged from the evaporator is connected to the evaporator, the compressor through which the refrigerant passes and is connected to the expansion valve on the underside of the evaporator drier through which the refrigerant passes. The disadvantage of analogue is the low efficiency of the device and the high labor intensity of preparation, due to the presence of stagnant zones in the drying chamber, not covered by convection air flows, in addition, the high labor intensity is due to the lack of automatic control of the drying process. The closest in technical essence is the CHAMBER-TYPE CONVECTIVE DRYING UNIT FOR RAW-SMOKED AND DRY-JERED MEAT AND FISH PRODUCTS WITH A MODERNIZED AIR DISTRIBUTION AND CONDITIONING SYSTEM [RU2454869 (C1), publ.: 10.07.2012], including: housing frame structure with thermal insulation, mounted on bearings and support posts, inside the body the useful volume is divided by a volumetric hollow fairing into the left and right working chambers, each of which is equipped with a door or doors for loading / unloading workpieces and is limited from above by an air-distributing perforated partition or grill, and from below it is limited by a perforated or lattice the floor of a multi-section removable structure, on the frame of which hangers or frames for processed products are installed or mounted; air distribution system, including transverse and longitudinal circuits, and the transverse circuit includes: upper circulation air axial fans together with a sealed partition and an ultrasonic air humidifier installed in the upper part of the housing; air filter, lower circulation air axial fans with a sealed partition, ultraviolet bactericidal lamps in a double perforated casing, installed in the lower part of the housing, dry psychrometric thermoelectric sensor, wet psychrometric thermoelectric sensor together with a psychrometer container with distilled water and an air microfan, installed on the final section of the transverse contour and in the upper part of the body; and the longitudinal circuit is organized by heat exchangers of the air conditioning system, functioning inside a volumetric hollow fairing, and including: a freon plate air dryer-cooler together with a tray with a drain pipe for condensate removal, below which a freon plate air heater is installed in the direction of air movement, in in turn, below which a freon plate air cooler is installed, and after it - heaters of a compact design; and the volumetric hollow fairing, in turn, communicates with the working chambers in the upper part of the front side with the help of an inlet ventilation window with an inlet air axial fan installed in it, and in the lower part of the rear side - with the help of an outlet ventilation window with an exhaust air axial fan installed in it ; in the air conditioning system, the freon plate air dryer-cooler and the freon plate air heater are connected to the refrigeration compressor unit of the air drying system operating in a thermal pump cycle, and the freon plate air cooler is connected to the refrigeration compressor unit of the air cooling system; the power supply of the drying plant is carried out from the electrical panel, and the operation is controlled from psychrometric thermoelectric sensors by means of an electronic digital temperature and relative humidity meter-regulator together with buses of electrical control signals, as well as from the control unit together with the control panel, with the help of which it is directly carried out through busbars for electrical power supply and control of the operation of units, devices and assemblies, the operation of the technological apparatus, and in addition to the circuit of the electronic digital meter-regulator of temperature and relative humidity of the air, as well as the control unit, together with the control panel, a thermal protection system for heaters of compact design is built in.

The main technical problem of the prototype is its complex design, which leads to high labor costs during its manufacture and installation and commissioning, as well as the presence of stagnant zones inside the chamber, not covered by convective air flows, in which the process of drying the product is difficult and can lead to damage. product until the end of its preparation, and also does not provide the possibility of using the entire volume of the chamber for beneficial use. In addition, the decrease in useful volume in the prototype is due to the placement of equipment for technological processes inside the chamber.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the specific productivity of installations and the efficiency of drying organic products.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the installation for drying food products, characterized in that it contains a chamber with frames for processed products, a heater, a dehumidifier, a refrigeration unit, supply and exhaust ventilation, a control cabinet with sensors for measuring temperature and humidity and circulation fans , and the chamber body is made in the form of a closed volume, limited by the side walls, floor and ceiling, under the ceiling inside the chamber with a gap between the side walls and the ceiling, a false ceiling is made with heaters and heater fans that provide heating and air movement in a horizontal plane, the entire volume of the chamber divided along vertically mounted frame racks with fans mounted inside them into zones, part of the said frame racks located at the edge are made movable in a vertical plane to change their position inside the chamber, while the fixed racks ensure the movement of convection air flows in the transverse direction of the chamber, and the movable ones - in the longitudinal, thus excluding the stagnation zone in the chamber.

In particular, the body is made of heat-insulating material.

In particular, the fans are axial.

In particular, the fans are reversible.

In particular, the dehumidifier is made with a freon cooler.

In particular, the dryer is made with a propylene glycol cooler.

In particular, the air heater is equipped with a fan to improve heat removal.

Brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a front view of a food dryer.

In FIG. 2 shows a top view of a food dryer.

In FIG. 3 shows a side view of a food dryer.

In FIG. 4 schematically shows a food drying plant.

The figures indicate: 1 - chamber body, 2 - door, 3 - dehumidifier, 4 - circulation ducts, 5 - supply ventilation, 6 - exhaust ventilation, 7 - refrigeration unit, 8 - false ceiling, 9 - fan racks, 10 - rollers, 11 - fans, 12 - heaters, 13 - heater fans, 14 - control cabinet, 15 - controller, 16 - interface module, 17 temperature and humidity sensors, 18 racks.

Installation for drying food products is made in the form of a chamber, consisting of a housing 1 containing the top, front, rear and side walls (not shown in the figures). The walls of the housing 1 are made of multilayer heat-insulating material, for example, sandwich panels. In the front wall of the housing 1 there is a doorway (not shown in the figures), provided with a door 2, for example, retractable. In one of the walls of the housing 1, a viewing window (not shown in the figures) can be made. Outside, on the upper wall of the housing 1, a dehumidifier 3 is mounted, connected by circulation air ducts 4 to the inside of the housing 1, air ducts for supply 5 and exhaust 6 ventilation and a refrigeration unit 7. The dehumidifier 3 is made with freon or propylene glycol coolers. A filter (not shown in the figures) is mounted in the supply ventilation duct 5.

Inside the chamber, a false ceiling 8 is mounted under the ceiling. Between the false ceiling 8 and the floor of the chamber, at least two fan racks 9 connected to each other in one vertical row are mounted.

At least one of the fan racks 9 located at the edge is connected to the adjacent fan rack 9 by a swivel joint (not shown in the figures) and rests on the floor with rollers 10 with the possibility of moving said rack 9 along the floor of the chamber in a vertical plane along the swivel joint. The fan racks 9 are filled with vertical fans 11 made, for example, axial and reversible. The swivel joint of the extreme fan rack 9 is equipped with a drive mechanism (not shown in the figures) with the possibility of mechanically controlling the position of the said fan panel 9.

Above the false ceiling 8 is mounted at least one heater 12, made, for example, in the form of an air tubular electric heater. A heater fan 13 is mounted opposite it near the heater 12. Outside the chamber, a control cabinet 14 is mounted, containing a controller 15 with the ability to control the dehumidifier 3, supply 5 and exhaust 6 ventilation, refrigeration unit 7, fans 11, fan panels 9, heater 12 and heater fan 13. Also connected to the controller 15 is an interface module 16 and temperature and humidity sensors 17 installed inside the camera body 1. The interface module 16 contains the device controls and the information display module.

Installation for drying food products is used as follows. Inside the chamber, between the fan racks 9 and the walls of the case 1, frames 18 are installed, made on wheels or racks with the product (not shown in the figures). On the shelves of frames 18, a product preliminarily prepared for drying is hung or laid. Close door 2 to the chamber.

On the interface module 16 of the control cabinet 14 in the controller 15, the phases of heating, cooling and drying during heat treatment, the required temperature inside the chamber and the product, the relative humidity of the air inside the chamber, the total weight or volume of the product are set.

Start the installation. Through the supply ventilation pipeline 5, atmospheric air, previously cleaned through the supply ventilation filter 5, is fed into the chamber. Fans 11 fan racks 9 create directed air flows inside the chamber. The heaters 12 heat the air flows passing over the false ceiling 8, while the air flows to the heaters 12 are directed by the fans of the heaters 13. The air circulating inside the chamber is additionally dried by the dehumidifier 3, while due to the implementation of the dehumidifier 3 with freon or propylene glycol coolers, they provide an effective temperature reduction inside the dryer 3, the temperatures are lowered below the dew point and, as a result, the condensation of the liquid evaporating from the surface of the product is increased. Simultaneously with the supply of air by flow ventilation 5, part of the air is removed from the chamber by exhaust ventilation 6 to prevent the creation of excess pressure from the chamber. and ensures the evaporation of moisture formed from heating from the surface of the product. Humidified during drying, the air is taken from the chamber by the dehumidifier 3, where it is given the initial temperature and humidity properties.

During the drying process, manually or by means of a drive mechanism, the extreme fan rack 9 is moved with the possibility of uniform distribution of air flows inside the chamber and reduction of stagnant zones. In accordance with the heating and cooling phases set in the controller 15, the heaters 12 are turned off and the refrigeration unit 7 is turned on, which cools the air inside the chamber. When the temperature in the thickness of the product decreases, the surface temperature of the product tends to the temperature of the air inside the chamber and the internal diffusion of moisture from the thickness to the surface of the product slows down. The surface of the product becomes wet, as the drying of the surface due to internal heat stops. At this time, the controller 15 turns on the heaters 12 and turns off the refrigeration unit 7 to switch to drying at the highest temperature for the product. The heaters 12 raise the temperature of the air inside the chamber. The relative humidity inside the chamber first falls and then starts to rise. As the temperature rises, the relative humidity of the air decreases and thus a high-intensity drying of the product is ensured. Moisture-saturated hot air is emitted by exhaust ventilation 6 into the atmosphere. The product, still cold inside and damp outside, intensively evaporates moisture, maintaining a low temperature of the evaporation surface. When the product temperature reaches the limit set in the controller 15, the heaters 12 are turned off and the refrigeration unit 7 is restarted. The cooling and heating cycles are repeated until the product dries up to the parameters set in the controller 15 or until the end of the drying time of the product set in the said controller 15.

The technical result - the increase in the specific productivity of the installations and the efficiency of drying organic products is achieved by ensuring the movement of convection air flows in the entire volume of the chamber, excluding air stagnation zones by placing vertical fan racks 9 along the chamber inside the heat-insulating housing, filled with fans 11, dividing the entire volume of the chamber into, at least two zones, ensuring the movement of air in the transverse direction, while at least one of the fan racks 9, mounted on the edge, is movable in a vertical plane, thereby ensuring the movement of air in the longitudinal direction, and the execution is under the ceiling of the case 1 false ceiling 8 with heaters 12 and heater fans 13 provide heating and air movement in a horizontal plane.

In addition, an increase in specific productivity is achieved by increasing the usable volume of the chamber by placing a dryer 3, elements of supply 5 and exhaust 6 ventilation, a refrigeration unit 7 outside, on the roof of building 1. Operation since 2018 of food drying plants manufactured according to the above description , confirmed the achievement of the specified technical result. In addition, by placing fan racks 9 with fans 11 between the frames with the product 18 and making one of the fan racks 9 movable, it is possible to reduce the number of required fans 11, while ensuring uniform drying (drying) of the product throughout the entire volume of the chamber and, accordingly, the consumption consumption is reduced. electricity and cooking time.

Claims (7)

1. Installation for drying food products, characterized in that it contains a chamber with frames for processed products, a heater, a dehumidifier, a refrigeration unit, supply and exhaust ventilation, a control cabinet with sensors for measuring temperature and humidity and circulation fans, and the chamber housing is made in the form closed volume, limited by the side walls, floor and ceiling, under the ceiling inside the chamber with a gap between the side walls and the ceiling, a false ceiling is made with heaters and heater fans that provide heating and air movement in a horizontal plane, the entire volume of the chamber is divided along vertically mounted frame racks with by fans mounted inside them into zones, part of the said frame racks located at the edge are made movable in a vertical plane to change their position inside the chamber, while the fixed racks ensure the movement of convection air flows in the transverse direction of the chamber, and the movable racks - in the longitudinal direction, thereby excluding stagnation zone chamber. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is made of heat-insulating material. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fans are axial. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fans are reversible. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the dehumidifier is made with a freon cooler. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the dryer is made with a propylene glycol cooler. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the air heater is equipped with a fan to improve heat removal.

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