RU165734U1 - EDUCATIONAL LABORATORY STAND FOR TESTS OF ELECTRIC ACTUATORS USING SYSTEM-ON-CHIP (SoC) "Beta" - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Training and laboratory bench for testing electric drives using the Beta system-on-chip (SoC), containing a digital interface converter, a power supply, DC and AC motors connected in series with inputs and outputs, characterized in that it is equipped with three single-board computers , the main unit for monitoring and controlling actuators, relay unit, pulse-width converter, characterization unit, LCD character screens, touch-sensitive liquid crystal monitor, with a sound and a wind alarm, a control interface, controls, four motors pairwise mechanically interconnected by means of coupling halves, with means for taking parameters, of which three are direct currents with mixed excitation, one is an asynchronous alternating current motor with a phase rotor, which serve to create a load on shafts of the investigated engines. 2. The stand according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made on six microcontrollers, three of which have twenty-two input analog channels and twenty-four digital output channels, and the other three microcontrollers have twenty-two digital input channels and fifty-nine digital output channels .

Description

The utility model relates to means for studying the fundamentals of the operation of electric machines and electric drives, in particular, to equipment for testing frequency-controlled electric drives with digital control and for mastering the methods of such tests, and can be used in the educational process to develop the necessary professional skills, as well as diagnostics of malfunctions of electrical equipment, including ship equipment.

The well-known "Educational and laboratory stand for the study of electrical machines and electric drives" according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2473921, IPC G01R 31/34, publ. January 27, 2013. This stand is designed to study the basics of the operation of electric machines and electric drives and determine their characteristics, as well as to master the skills of their testing, including using automation tools. The stand contains a brake device, AC and DC electric machines, a control unit for electrical measurements and indications, while the tested AC and DC electric machines are interconnected by output shafts through intermediate gears and a coupling, the inverter outputs are connected to the windings of an AC electric machine, and their the inputs are to the two outputs of the microcontroller, the output of the pulse-width modulator is connected to the winding of an electric DC machine, and its input to the third output microcontroller. The design of the stand is small-sized, electrically safe, but cannot be used to find malfunctions of electrical equipment.

The well-known "Mobile training and laboratory stand for the study of electrical machines and electric drives" according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2490720 IPC G09B 23/18, publ. 08/20/2013. This stand relates to educational devices, namely to technical means for studying the basics of the functioning of electric machines and electric drives. The tested AC and DC electric machines are mounted on the base and interconnected by output shafts through intermediate gears and a coupling. The stand design is small-sized, electrically safe, but the functionality is limited - it cannot be used to find faults.

Closest to the claimed patent is a "Stand for the study of electric drive control systems" according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 125717, IPC G01R 31/34, publ. 03/10/2013.

This stand refers to the means of control and / or regulation of electric motors and solves the problem of expanding the possibilities of researching existing and developing new electric drive control systems by including the studied real electric drives in a set of virtual blocks in applied mathematical modeling software systems. This technical solution has the ability to use real electric motors as blocks of virtual mathematical models developed in various software systems, which allows you to explore existing and create new electric drive control systems and the absence of the need for a front panel with controls, control points, switching sockets, indicators of digital devices and etc. All controls in this design can be implemented as a mathematical model in the environment of various software systems.

The disadvantage of this device is the inability to measure the parameters of electric motors, which serve to create a load on the shafts of the investigated engines.

The purpose of the claimed utility model is to improve the learning skills of working with microprocessor control systems, and the diversification of functionality in terms of expanding the range of diagnostic parameters of ship electrical equipment.

To achieve this goal, a training and laboratory bench for testing electric drives using the Beta system-on-chip (SoC) is proposed, which contains a digital interface converter, a power supply unit, DC and AC motors connected in series with inputs and outputs, characterized in that it is equipped with three single-board computers, a main control unit and actuators, a relay unit, a pulse-width converter, a characterization unit, LCD character screens, sensor a liquid crystal monitor, light and sound signaling, a control interface, controls, four mechanically coupled motors in pairs mechanically interconnected by means of half couplings, with means for taking parameters, of which three are direct currents with mixed excitation, one is an asynchronous alternating current motor with a phase rotor, serving to create a load on the shafts of the investigated engines.

This goal is also achieved due to the fact that the stand is made on six microcontrollers, three of which have twenty-two input analog channels and twenty-four digital output channels, and the other three microcontrollers have twenty-two digital input channels and fifty-nine digital output channels .

The technical result provided by the given set of features is the possibility of choosing the optimal operating mode, which is provided by the possibility of reducing vibration (changing the shaft speed) under changing loads, including sharply variable (shock) arising during the operation of ships, the ability to measure temperature and magnetic fields.

At the same time, this technical result provides increased reliability of the electric drive.

System-on-a-Chip (SoC) Beta is a new generation of microcontroller controlled system. This decision is related to the fact that ship equipment is becoming more complicated, and specialists are forced to undergo training in practical activities. The advantages of this solution allows you to more fully capture knowledge in the field of working with microcontrollers for controlling an electric drive, to develop skills for troubleshooting in microcontrollers and in a control system for electric drives, as well as to gain practical knowledge in the field of controlling frequency converters.

The design of the stand provides the possibility of touch control, as well as the ability to conduct tests on high-voltage equipment due to the block on power switches located in the block of controlled amplifiers.

Single-board computers manage the entire stand, analyze the received data from all blocks, issue permission to turn on all actuators, provide an image of them on the touch screen.

The use of single-board computers allows for automatic operation of the stand, with a demonstration of the educational process on a large screen. A single-board computer allows you to receive and send commands to the microcontroller of the control unit and actuators and receive data from the microcontroller, saving data to a USB drive (in the form of graphs or Excel tables).

The design of the stand provides for connection to a computer through SPI.

Four motors coupled mechanically interconnected by means of half-couplings, with means for taking parameters, of which three direct currents with mixed excitation, one asynchronous alternating current motor with a phase rotor, which serve to create a load on the shafts of the investigated motors, expand the functionality of the stand in part expanding the range of controlled parameters.

Characterization blocks allows you to measure various characteristics of the electric drive such as:

1. CVC (current-voltage characteristics)

2. Vibration and noise

3. Temperature

4. Magnetic fields

The design provides the possibility of touch control, as well as the ability to conduct tests on high-voltage equipment due to the block on power switches with a voltage at the output of 310 V, located in the block of controlled rectifiers.

Single-board computers manage the entire stand, analyze the received data from all blocks, issue permission to turn on all actuators, provide an image of them on the touch screen.

Using single-board computers allows you to use the automatic mode of operation of the stand, with a demonstration of the educational process on the touch screen.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by graphic materials, where

in FIG. 1 is given a block diagram of the stand;

in FIG. 2 is a photograph of the stand in the on state;

in FIG. 3 is a photograph of the stand in the off state;

in FIG. 4 is a model of the stand.

The training and laboratory bench for testing electric drives using the Beta system-on-chip (SoC) contains (Fig. 1):

- power supply 1 stand constant voltage of 12.5 and 3.3 volts;

- a block of single-board computers 2, in this case, the Arduino brand with an ARM processor;

- touch monitor 3, with interface converter and driver for LCD-matrix;

- the main control and management unit for actuators 4, based on the STM32F103ZEMCU microcontroller;

- alarm control unit 5;

- relay protection unit 6;

- block characterization 7, which includes those sensors that are not located directly on the drive;

- pulse-width converter 8 for power and control the induction motor in frequency and voltage;

- an asynchronous motor 9 connected by half-couplings with an encoder 10;

- optical encoder 10 connected by half couplings with a DC motor 11;

- DC motor 11;

- block controlled rectifiers 12;

- DC motor 13;

- optical encoder 14;

- DC motor 15.

The stand works as follows.

The standard phase voltage ~ 220 V is applied to the stand, which, after pressing the start button, is supplied to the power supply of stand 1 and the relay protection unit 6. The power supply 1 is turned on and the rectified voltages 12.5 and 3.3 Volts are supplied to the stand equipment, launching digital booth equipment. The unit of single-board computers 2 generates control signals for the control unit and actuators 4, which allows the launch of controlled rectifiers for DC motors 11 and a three-phase pulse-width converter 8 for an induction motor. The rotation speed of an induction motor is controlled by frequency (the ratio of M.P. Kostenko is used).

The electric drives are interconnected by half-couplings, between which there are optical encoders 10 and 14, the encoder plates pass between the optocouplers, the signals from which are fed to the microcontroller of the characterization unit 7. The motors are equipped with blocks of thermal sensors and Hall sensors, vibration and magnetic meters of characteristics.

The microcontroller processes the received data from the encoders 10 and 14 and sends them to the main control and control unit of the actuators 4. There are two pairs of motors on the stand, in each pair one drive motor, the other creates a load moment that can also be regulated. The driven engine can be used as a generator. The roles of engines are interchangeable. One or two pairs can be used at the same time.

From the control and actuator control unit, data is transmitted to the single-board computer unit 2, and is sent to the touch monitor 3, where the operator can enter the necessary parameters of the electric drive mode; the data is read by the unit of single-board computers 2 and transmitted for execution to the main control and control unit of the actuators 4. There is a push-button control of the operation modes of all electric motors based on the information received on the character displays. Signaling of operating modes is also carried out using LED indicators.

In the process of operation of the stand, the dependence of the angular velocity of rotation of the shaft on the electromagnetic moment M and on the moment of resistance Ms, the dependence of the angular velocity of rotation of the shaft ω on current I, the relationship between the instantaneous values of the two coordinates of the electric drive for the same time of the transition operation mode are removed. As well as the current-voltage characteristics of all four engines, the dependence of temperature and vibration on the speed of rotation and torque on the shaft, and others, necessary for the diagnosis of malfunctions.

Using single-board computers 2 also allows you to use the automatic mode of operation of the stand, with a demonstration of the educational process on a large screen. The relay protection block 6 is built according to the standard scheme and provides the disconnection of dangerous operating modes of the electric drive.

In FIG. 2, where a photograph of the stand is given in the on state, the operation of LCD screens and pixel displays are visible.

In FIG. 4 gives a model representation of the elements of the system.

The educational and laboratory test bench for testing electric drives using the Beta system-on-chip (SoC) can be used to educate students in accordance with the topics of laboratory work, including: the study of the speed and mechanical characteristics of an independent excitation DC motor, load diagrams of an electric motor, and a reversing circuit control of a three-phase asynchronous motor with anti-inclusion braking, characteristics of a three-phase drive, three-phase motor control circuit , pulse-width converter (3-phase, 1-phase), programmable microcontroller, single-board computer drive control, slave control systems.

In addition, the training and laboratory stand is additionally equipped with blocks:

a central control unit (STM32F103ZE), a universal measurement unit (ATmega8A), a current-voltage measuring unit (STM32F103C8), a universal decoder-multiplexer (ATmega328Р), which allows it to be used to identify malfunctions, suggestions for their elimination and take actions after elimination.

Claims (2)

1. Training and laboratory bench for testing electric drives using the Beta system-on-chip (SoC), containing a digital interface converter, a power supply, DC and AC motors connected in series with inputs and outputs, characterized in that it is equipped with three single-board computers , the main unit for monitoring and controlling actuators, relay unit, pulse-width converter, characterization unit, LCD character screens, touch-sensitive liquid crystal monitor, with a sound and a wind alarm, a control interface, controls, four motors pairwise mechanically interconnected by means of coupling halves, with means for taking parameters, of which three are direct currents with mixed excitation, one is an asynchronous alternating current motor with a phase rotor, which serve to create a load on shafts of the investigated engines. 2. The stand under item 1, characterized in that it is made on six microcontrollers, three of which have twenty-two input analog channels and twenty-four digital output channels, and the other three microcontrollers have twenty-two digital input channels and fifty-nine digital output channels.

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