RU161935U1 - WIND POWER INSTALLATION OF CHARACTER TYPE OF BEAM STRUCTURE WITH VERTICAL ROTATION AXIS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Wind power installation of a carousel type of a beam structure with a vertical axis of rotation, containing wind pressure receivers mounted with the possibility of angular rotations around vertical axes on rotating radial horizontal beams, characterized in that it is equipped with a support mast, in the upper part of which are mounted for rotation in in opposite directions, two movable half-shells, each of which is connected to at least one radial horizontal beam, the upper and lower respectively GOVERNMENTAL, the beams are made in the form of a horizontal blade, as on a treadmill ground contact half-shells are placed pezoelementy.2. A wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that solar panels are placed on the upper radial horizontal beams in places facing the sun. 3. The wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the generators are located in the half-hulls.

Description

The utility model relates to wind turbines of sailing action of a carousel type with a vertical axis. The main purpose is for stationary-type wind power plants of various sizes.

Wind engines according to the type of position of the axis of rotation can be divided into engines with a horizontal axis (coinciding with the direction of the wind) and a vertical axis (perpendicular to the direction of the wind). Devices with a vertical axis of rotation have several varieties.

1. Orthogonal wind generators. It has several blades that are parallel to the vertical axis. This design does not need guiding mechanisms, because the principle of operation does not depend on the direction of the wind. Drive equipment can be positioned at ground level.

2. Generators having a Darier rotor. They have three or two blades that represent a flat strip and are made quite simply. The device also does not focus on the wind and can be placed at ground level.

3. Devices based on the Savonius rotor. In this case, several half-cylinders are used. Work can be carried out at low speeds. In addition, starting torques are very effective, as well as manufacturability.

4. Wind generators operating on a multi-blade rotor with a guide apparatus. They are a modification of the orthogonal apparatus. The blades are arranged in two rows, the first of which is motionless and carries the function of a guiding apparatus. It is intended to capture the wind flow, compress it, increasing speed, and apply the wind flow to the second row, which is a rotating rotor. This type of device works very efficiently compared to others, but its cost significantly exceeds them.

5. The device with a helicoid rotor. This is also a modification of the first kind of devices. Due to the fact that the blades are twisted, the rotor rotates more evenly, due to which there is no strong dynamic load on the support nodes. This allows you to use the device longer. They are expensive, since the production technology is quite complicated.

Sailing installations have the following advantages:

- wind energy is effectively exploited by using a large area wind flow;

- the ability to work in surface air flow conditions; their turbulence has little effect on operational efficiency;

- No noise infrasounds and radio interference are generated;

- thanks to the relatively slow rotation of the sail-blades, safety for humans and animals is ensured;

- compactness, safety, ease of installation and maintenance;

- low cost of generated energy.

A rotor of a wind turbine is known, comprising a vertical shaft mounted in supports, at the ends of which two rod frames are fixed, interconnected by a set of vertical rods on which flat blades are pivotally mounted. The rotor is equipped with rings concentric to the shaft, located between the end surfaces of the blades, two in one horizontal plane. Vertical rods are connected to each ring, (analog - see AS USSR N 992800, IPC 3 F03D 3/00, 1983)

The disadvantages of this solution: due to the straightness of the sail blades, each sail blade will most effectively operate only at one moment when the blade is perpendicular to the wind flow. In addition, this analogue can only be used for small wind turbines, because it does not have protective devices against destruction in case of storm and especially hurricane winds. Then, as for large wind turbines with high windage, such protection is extremely necessary. With intense rotation, a gyroscopic effect occurs, which adversely affects the vertical axis and stability of the entire structure. The design capabilities for generating electrical energy using piezoelectric elements are not sufficiently used.

Known wind power installation containing horizontal shafts radially mounted on a vertical shaft mounted in the bearings of rotation with the possibility of transmitting torque to the shaft of the generator, wind-driven blades, each of which is mounted with the possibility of rotation on one of the horizontal shafts, and limiters of rotation of the wind-driven blades in one direction . In this installation, in addition, there are limiters for the maximum deviation of the blades, installed so that the angle of rotation of the blade between two such limiters is close to 180 degrees. The known installation does not provide for fixing the blades, (for an analogue, see RF patent No. 2276285, IPC F03D 3/06, 2003)

A disadvantage of the known wind power installation is that its design must have a margin of safety calculated for the working load at the maximum wind speed for a given area (including storms and rare gusts of wind). This makes the design heavier and increases its metal consumption. With intense rotation, a gyroscopic effect occurs, which adversely affects the vertical axis and stability of the entire structure. The design capabilities for generating electrical energy using piezoelectric elements are not sufficiently used.

A wind power installation is also known, containing horizontal shafts mounted on wheeled trolleys, which are flexibly connected in a continuous chain and mounted on a closed rail with the possibility of transmitting torque to the generator shaft, and wind pressure blades, each of which is mounted on a horizontal shaft (see analogue. RF patent No. 2125182, IPC 6 F03D 5/04, 1999].

A disadvantage of the known wind power installation is that its design must have a margin of safety calculated for the working load at the maximum wind speed for a given area (including storms and rare gusts of wind). This makes the design heavier and increases its metal consumption. With intense rotation, a gyroscopic effect occurs, which adversely affects the vertical axis and stability of the entire structure. The design capabilities for generating electrical energy using piezoelectric elements are not sufficiently used.

Known "Wind power station" containing a carousel of a rotary type, including a suspended ring rail, wheel bearings in contact with the rail, masts vertically directed to the ground with installed sailing working bodies rotating relative to them, made in the form of pairs of folding wings. Under the influence of wind, the working bodies move on wheel supports along a suspended ring rail. In the active part of the trajectory, under the pressure of the wind, the flaps that are in the folded position open, and in the passive one, they fold, which creates a working torque (for an analogue see AS USSR No. 1455037, IPC 4: F03D 5/04, 1989 )

The disadvantages of this wind power station are the hard shock-like operating mode of the folding shutters of the sailing working bodies, the extremely complicated low-efficiency mechanism for energy extraction through rotating magnetic anchors and the generator’s inductor located in the tunnel around the station’s perimeter, the need to involve large masses of anchors in the peripheral rotational movement, complexity ensuring stability and centering the suspension structure of the station under wind load. With intense rotation, a gyroscopic effect occurs, which adversely affects the vertical axis and stability of the entire structure. The design capabilities for generating electrical energy using piezoelectric elements are not sufficiently used.

Known "Wind Power Station", containing a carousel of a carousel type, including ground ring rails, wheel bearings in contact with them, vertical masts mounted on a wind turbine with wind receivers rotating relative to them. The station is equipped with a system for compulsory control of the position of wind receivers according to the readings of an autonomous weather vane using a computer and special mini-carts moving along their ring rail and a power take-off unit using an ice rink connected to an electric generator mounted on the ground and in contact with an annular track located on the wind wheel (similar to see FR patent No. 2523220, IPC 7 F03D 5/04, 1983)

The disadvantages of this wind power station are the presence of a complex system for continuous control of wind receivers, which requires significant energy costs and reduces the efficiency of the station, the fundamental impossibility of taking into account the characteristic windshield yawing and multidirectional wind flows, difficult to low efficiency energy extraction mechanism. With intense rotation, a gyroscopic effect occurs, which adversely affects the vertical axis and stability of the entire structure. The design capabilities for generating electrical energy using piezoelectric elements are not sufficiently used.

Known wind power plant carousel-type beam structure with a vertical axis of rotation. The installation contains wind pressure receivers mounted on rotating radial horizontal beams and making angular rotations around vertical axes, as well as treadmills and rollers in contact with them. The installation contains a self-supporting load-bearing beam structure of ground-based carousel type, rotating along one or more supporting racetracks around a vertical axis. The wind pressure receivers are placed on radial beams and are made in the form of pressure and guide frames with vertical axes of rotation and limiting stops (see RF patent No. 2305795, IPC F03D 5/04 (2006.01) from 2007). This decision was made as a prototype.

A disadvantage of the known design is that during intensive rotation, to ensure the required accuracy, the displacements of the center of gravity from the center of the suspension should not exceed fractions of a micron, otherwise the moment of gravity will cause undesirable precession (departure) of the gyroscope axis. In addition, the accuracy of the readings of devices with a gyroscope in the gimbal is affected by friction in the axes, a gyroscopic effect occurs, which adversely affects the vertical axis and the stability of the entire structure. The design capabilities for generating electrical energy using piezoelectric elements and solar panels are not sufficiently used.

The technical task is to increase reliability and increase the efficiency of the structure.

To achieve the technical task, a rotary-type wind turbine of a beam construction with a vertical axis of rotation, containing wind pressure detectors mounted with the possibility of angular rotations around vertical axes on rotating radial horizontal beams, is equipped with a support mast in accordance with the utility model, in the upper part of which rotatably mounted at least one movable half-housing to which at least one upper radial mount is attached an umbrella beam made in the form of a horizontal blade, and piezoelectric elements are placed on the treadmill of the lower part of the half-housing.

The wind power plant can be equipped with a second movable half-hull, with the half-hull mounted rotatably in opposite directions.

The lower radial horizontal beam, made in the form of a horizontal blade with wind pressure receivers, is connected to the second half-housing.

On the upper radial horizontal beams, in places facing the sun, solar panels are placed.

In the half-housings there are electric generators.

The technical result from the use of all the features of a utility model is to increase the reliability of the work while increasing the efficiency of the design.

The presence of a mast equipped with at least one half-hull, to which a radial horizontal beam, made in the form of a horizontal blade, is attached, can improve the reliability of the installation and its efficiency.

The implementation of horizontal beams in the form of blades, the presence of piezoelectric elements in contact with a rotating half-housing, significantly increases the reliability and at the same time increases the efficiency of the installation.

Additionally, placement on horizontal beams of solar panels also allows you to increase the efficiency of the installation.

The use of piezoelectric elements, which under the action of deformation induce an electric charge, has long been known for converting mechanical energy into electricity. It is known to use aluminum nitride as a piezoelectric element instead of traditional zirconate titanate.

Solar panels on horizontal blades serve as an additional source of energy during calm and light winds and during rotation, despite the fact that the energy will be pulsating and less efficient.

FIG. 1 - wind power plant;

FIG. 2 - kinematic diagram of eight * twelve blade wind power plants;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of eight * twelve blade wind power plants;

FIG. 4 - the device of the sails of a six-blade wind power plant;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a six-blade wind power plant.

The proposed wind power plant can be used both on a floating platform and on the ground.

The carousel-type wind turbine of the girder structure is equipped with a vertical axis of rotation 1 installed in the bearings 2 of the half-housing 3. In a preferred embodiment, the wind installation is equipped with two half-bodies 3, 4, made for rotation in opposite directions. Hulls 3, 4 are installed in the upper part of the support mast 5.

At least one rotating upper radial horizontal beam 6 is connected to the half-body 3. The rotating lower horizontal horizontal beam 7 is connected to the half-body 4. The main wind pressure detectors 8 and additional 9 are installed on the beam 6, auxiliary wind pressure receivers are installed on the beam 7 10. The wind pressure receivers (main, additional and auxiliary) are mounted on beams 6, 7 with the possibility of angular rotations around the vertical axes 11. Each wind pressure receiver is equipped with an individual cial vertical axis 11.

At the contact points of the half-shells 3 and 4 and on the treadmill 12 (roller table) of the lower part of the lower half-shell 4, piezoelectric elements 13 are placed. Each piezoelectric element is usually made as a flat plate, on the opposite sides of which electrodes are mounted (sprayed). When it is deformed, an EMF appears on these electrodes.

The figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an eight-blade wind power plant. The installation diagram (Fig. 2) is a beam structure with blades. Beams 6, 7 are attached respectively to the upper 3 and lower 4 half-shells and are located on a common axis of rotation 1 mounted on bearings 2 in the half-shells. For stability of the installation along the outer circumference of the lower half-housing 4 are live rolls 12, which hold the structure from horizontal movements and at the same time act as pathogens of energy acting on the piezoelectric elements 13 located on the track along the rollers 12.

In this design (Fig. 2, 3), the blades that are attached respectively to the upper 3 and lower 4 half-shells rotate in the opposite direction due to the orientation of the blades and satellites 14 located between the upper and lower half-shells, which also act on the piezoelectric elements 13. Horizontal beams 6, 7 are also made in the form of blades and are load-bearing for receivers of wind pressure 8, 9, 10. Horizontal beams have a truss structure provided with a shell, which forms the shape of the beam of beams, which increases the rigidity of the ball and at the same time it allows to use them as extra blades.

On the horizontal beams are placed vertical receivers of wind pressure - 8, 9, 10, which are mounted through flanges on the axes 11 and have a free rotation, in this case (Fig. 2, 3) up to 90 °. Such freedom of rotation of the wind pressure receivers, oriented to the direction of the wind, is the basis for obtaining the maximum efficiency of the installation. On the upper horizontal beams 6 on a plane directed towards the sun, solar panels 15 are installed, which provide an additional source of energy, compensating for losses in the absence or weak wind. The solar battery is characterized as a source of electric current through photovoltaic converters. The advantage of solar panels is due to the lack of moving parts, their high reliability and stability. Moreover, the service life is practically unlimited.

The receivers of the wind pressure 8, 9, 10 of the wind power plant are arranged on the principle of yacht sails, hydro-or air-type shock absorbers (not shown) provide smooth running. The stability of rotation of a wind power plant (depending on the strength of the wind) is achieved by increasing or decreasing the load by turning the power generators on or off. In a stormy wind, wind pressure receivers 8, 9, 10 become downwind through a ratchet mechanism 16 (see Figs. 2, 4) and thereby stop the rotation of the wind power plant.

Vertical receivers of wind pressure 8, 9, 10 are made of composite materials while being lightweight and durable. The power of the wind power installation of the installation depends on the shoulder, that is, the length and area of the horizontal beams 6, 7 and the total area of the receivers of the wind pressure 8, 9, 10.

In FIG. 3 shows the principle of operation of wind pressure receivers of eight to twelve-blade wind power plants relative to the direction of the wind indicated by the wavy arrows. The receivers of the wind pressure 8, 9, 10, being parallel to the horizontal beams, work in the most in the active zone, but, crossing the critical point, automatically rotate by 90 ° while remaining in the active zone under the influence of wind. Moving in the headwind, wind pressure receivers operate in a vane mode. Thus, the wind resistance decreases, and as a result, the efficiency of the installation increases. The lower wind pressure receivers work in a similar way, but rotate in the opposite direction, reducing the turning moment of the entire structure during operation.

This work scheme (Fig. 2, 3) can be applied, including on floating platforms (Fig. 1) as a power plant for residential complexes.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows the operation of a six-blade wind power plant with only the upper rotating half-hull 3, and the direction of the wind is shown with wavy arrows in the lower part of the diagram. The principle of operation of the wind pressure receivers is similar to the previous eight blade design, provided that the wind pressure receivers turn 8, 9 to 120 °.

The smoothness of rotation of the wind pressure receivers 8, 9 from the critical point to 120 ° is achieved by balancing with respect to the axis of rotation, the center of the area of each of the receivers and its center of mass. The safety of wind pressure receivers during a storm situation is ensured by a ratchet device 16 (see Fig. 4). It provides at maximum wind load the transition of the wind pressure receivers to the vane mode.

The necessary stability of rotation of the wind pressure receivers at any wind strength within one to two revolutions per second is provided by a standard automatic variator type device (not shown) for various types of electric generators 17, in this case, reducing or increasing the gap between the stator and rotor, based on wind force . Also, the stability of rotation of the wind pressure receivers is ensured by automatically turning on or off the electric generators, depending on the strength of the wind.

Under the action of the air flow on the autonomous nodes of the wind pressure receivers located at the installation as far as possible from the axis of its rotation, the installation torque is created, which is transmitted to the electric generators 17 (see Fig. 5).

When the wind speed exceeds the permissible, wind pressure receivers are deployed, reducing their area using a standard device (not shown).

Tests of prototypes showed high reliability and high efficiency of the structure.

The proposed wind power plant can also be used to drive wind pump or compressor stations, wind mills and oil mills, wind grain cleaning units, sawmills and circular saws, etc. using at the same time environmentally friendly type of energy - wind energy, without spending material and labor resources for the extraction, processing, transportation of liquid or solid fuels and without polluting the environment with harmful emissions.

The device can be manufactured using modern equipment, materials and technologies.

Claims (3)

1. Wind power installation of a carousel type of a beam structure with a vertical axis of rotation, containing wind pressure receivers mounted with the possibility of angular rotations around vertical axes on rotating radial horizontal beams, characterized in that it is equipped with a support mast, in the upper part of which are mounted for rotation in in opposite directions, two movable half-shells, each of which is connected to at least one radial horizontal beam, the upper and lower respectively GOVERNMENTAL, the beams are made in the form of a horizontal blade, as on a treadmill ground contact half-shells are placed piezoelements. 2. The wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that solar panels are placed on the upper radial horizontal beams, in places facing the sun. 3. The wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the generators are placed in the half-hulls.

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