RU161356U1 - HEADER TO A SELECTIVE HARVESTER FOR HARVESTING SUNFLOWER - Google Patents

Abstract

Header for a sunflower selection harvester containing a frame, stalk dividers with augers, cutting devices, a conveyor belt for cut baskets, hydraulic motors for auger drive, characterized in that the distance between the auger turns is uneven - uniformly increasing from the front of the auger to the cutting device along the process.

Description

The inventive utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used for harvesting sunflower.

Known reaper for harvesting sunflower (AS USSR No. 1690598, A01D 45/00, publ. 11/15/91, Bull. No. 12), containing stalk lifters, the sides of which form longitudinal channels for the passage of stems, a device for capturing, moving stems and cutting the baskets, fixed under the casing of each window lifter along each channel and made in the form of a screw knife and a counter plate located at a certain angle, as well as working bodies for transporting the cut baskets to the thresher of the combine.

A disadvantage of the known harvester is the insufficiently high productivity and reliability of its operation due to the fact that the channel “clogs” with “stalking” stems and that the unit has to be stopped and the channel cleaned, as well as the loss of seed when harvesting sunflower.

The HEADER TO A SELECTIVE COMBINE FOR HARVESTING SUNFLOWER is also known (Scientific and Technical Bulletin “Oilseeds” FSBI VNIIMK, Issue 2 (162), Krasnodar, 2015, pp. 103-106), taken by us as a PROTOTYPE and containing a frame, dividers of stems with screws , cutting devices, belt conveyor, hydraulic motors for driving augers, the adjustment of the height of the inlet part of which is set by means of a combine hydraulic cylinder, and their angular speed depends on the speed of the latter and is regulated from the workplace of the machine operator, while the distance between turns of screws - the same.

The disadvantage of the prototype is its low productivity due to the fact that sometimes the sunflower stalks transported by the screw are “unloaded” in front of the cutting device and the bed is “clogged”, and the harvester has to be stopped to “clean” the header, as well as losses due to baskets and free seeds due to ejection of seeds from the basket due to the dynamic effect on the stalk of sunflower when it passes through the auger.

The objective of the utility model is to increase productivity and reduce losses of seed when harvesting sunflower.

The purpose of the utility model is to eliminate the likelihood of “clogging” of channels for the passage of sunflower stems and to reduce the shedding of seeds from the basket during transportation of the stem in the channel.

The technical result is achieved in that in a known header containing a frame, dividers of stems with screws, cutting devices, a conveyor belt for cut baskets, hydraulic motors for driving screws, according to a useful model, the distance between the turns of screws is set unequal - uniformly increasing from the front of the screw to the cutting device in the process.

Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of patentability NOVELTY.

The claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY, because It can be used in agriculture. And, in addition, in the description of the utility model below will be presented the means by which it is possible to implement the claimed technical solution in the form that is described in the formula of the utility model.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed header to a selector for harvesting sunflower; in FIG. 2 schematically shows a screw with a uniformly increasing winding pitch; in FIG. 3 - auger in axonometry.

The header for the selection sunflower harvester includes frame 1, dividers 2 stalks, screws 3 with turns 4, cutting devices 5, belt conveyor 6 for cut baskets, hydraulic motors 7 for screw drives. Dividers of 2 stems with screws 3 are mounted on the frame 1. Cutting pairs are installed on the screws 3. Screws 3 are driven by hydraulic motors 7. A belt conveyor is installed horizontally between the dividers of 8 stems 6. The distance between the turns of each screw is uneven, and it increases evenly from the front screw to the cutting device during the process. The adjustment of the height of the inlet part of the screws is set by means of a combine hydraulic cylinder (not shown in the drawing).

Reaper works as follows. Before starting work, the lead-in part of the stalk divider with the screw is installed by means of the combine hydraulic cylinder at a height equal to the minimum height of the arrangement of sunflower baskets above the soil level. During the movement of the combine with the header, the sunflower plants fall into the channel 8, are captured by the screws 3 and transported to the cutting device 5. The cut conveyor of the sunflower is conveyed by the conveyor belt 6 to the combine threshing device (not shown in the drawing). Moreover, due to the fact that the distance between the turns of the screws is not the same, but increases from the front of the screw to the cutting device, the best “dynamics” of the passage of the sunflower stalk through the screw from the point of contact of the stem with the screw shaft to the cutting device is achieved, which ensures a reduction in forced sunflower vibrations due to beats from the side of the auger shaft, and as a result - to reduce the shedding of seeds from the basket, as well as eliminating the likelihood of “clogging” of channels for the passage of sunflower stems and the need for the harvester to “clean” the header during harvesting. This is explained by the fact that with a small step of the screw at its front end, the impact of the screw on the stem during its capture is reduced, because the perpendicular component of the speed of the screw turns decreases. A uniformly increasing distance between the turns of the screw provides, firstly, a reduction in the time of contact between the stem and the screw and, as a result, a decrease in the dynamic effect, and secondly, it ensures the separation of the mass of the stems — transferring them from the “on top of each other” mode in the "catch-up" mode, which eliminates the clogging of the channel with stems.

Example.

Thanks to studies conducted over the years at VNIIMK on the creation of a header for harvesting sunflowers with screw conveyors for feeding stems to the cutting apparatus, and experiments on the dynamic effects of transporting stems with a screw to the cutting apparatus, it was found that when using augers with variable, namely, with an increasing step, the dynamic effects are sharply reduced, which means that direct seed losses during harvesting are reduced.

The experiments were carried out on a basic screw, in which the length of its working part is 994 mm, the shaft length is 76 mm, the diameter of the screw is 194 mm, the winding pitch in the exciting part of the screw is 80 mm, the winding pitch in front of the cutting device is 80 mm. We experimented with reapers with augers with a varying winding pitch.

The experiments using screws with a uniformly increasing winding pitch showed that a structural calculation of a uniformly varying (increasing) screw pitch should be carried out according to the formula:

where: H _n is the pitch of the screw;

n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ... - screw step number;

r = radius of the screw;

βo - the initial angle of elevation of the helix of the screw;

k is the coefficient of change in the angle of elevation of the helix, depending on the initial angle of elevation of the helix and on the angle of elevation of the helix in front of the cutting apparatus, which should be no more than the pinch angle of the stem in the channel, i.e.

where: β is the angle of elevation of the helix of the screw;

φ is the angle of rotation of the screw.

As one of the constructive variants of the auger with a uniformly increasing pitch was taken:

r = 0,095 m

βo = 0.11 rad

k = 0.0072

Got:

Tests of the header with a uniformly increasing pitch of the winding and header prototype showed the advantages of the claimed and the loss of seed and productivity.

Table 1 shows the technical characteristics of the feeding augers in the prototype and in the inventive header, and in table 2 - performance indicators of the prototype and the inventive header.

The analysis of the presented data shows that the loss of seed material by the header with a new feed screw, in which the distance between the turns evenly increases during the process, has significantly decreased, and productivity has increased.

So, the distinguishing feature of the utility model is the achievement of the goal, and the task is solved.

Claims (1)

Header for a sunflower selection harvester containing a frame, stalk dividers with augers, cutting devices, a conveyor belt for cut baskets, hydraulic motors for auger drive, characterized in that the distance between the auger turns is uneven - uniformly increasing from the front of the auger to the cutting device along the process.

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