RU160617U1 - BODY OF THE CAR - Google Patents

Abstract

A car body comprising a power frame, an outer shell, openings for installing glass and doors, characterized in that the power frame is reinforced in the most stressed corner zones of the openings by the introduction of additional power parts connecting adjacent corner zones.

Description

The utility model relates to the automotive industry, and in particular to car body structures.

A car body is known, consisting of a power frame made of rectangular or square sections, an outer shell made of technologically minimally feasible thickness parts covering the interior from environmental influences, with openings for installing windows, door openings in the cab, door openings for landing passengers and loading goods into the cabin. This is the so-called "car body frame construction." (PAZ 320412-05 "Vector" bus, Truck-press, No. 3, 2013, pp. 36-39, newspaper "Autoreview. Trucks and buses", 2015, No. 2, article "People and firewood").

Apertures are openings in the body for installing glass or doors, made either in solid-stamped parts, or from separate stamped parts connected by welding, forming a single precast-stamped structure. Openings weaken the bodywork of the car.

The bodies of cars of a similar design are used mainly for the manufacture of buses - cars intended for the transport of people.

The advantage of these designs is the simplicity of their manufacture. In conditions of small-scale production, such bodies can be made without significant initial material investments. In fact, they are used to produce small series cars.

The disadvantage of these bodies is the large mass of the power frame.

The power frame, made of steel profile, has a significant mass, which reduces the carrying capacity of the car. Therefore, such cars are not used for transportation of goods. Lighter aluminum-based alloys add value to the car. There are certain technical problems in stamping and welding of aluminum alloys, which also increases the cost of manufacturing and the cost of such cars.

To organize mass production for the production of a power frame from a profile, it is necessary to create a specialized production using CNC pipe bending machines.

A car body is known, consisting of a power frame, parts of the outer shell, openings for installing glass, doors in the cockpit, doors for boarding passengers and loading goods into the passenger compartment, in which the outer shell is of the greatest importance in creating a strong and rigid structure. ("The catalog of the UAZ-452 car parts and its modifications", Moscow, "Mechanical Engineering", 1985.)

The disadvantage of these bodies is the high consumption of high-quality metal of the first group of finishes. Almost all body parts are face. The cost of this metal is much higher than the cost of the metal used to create the internal power frame. In order to get a body with the necessary strength, it is necessary to significantly increase the thickness of the outer shell and, accordingly, its cost. Flat parts with a slight curvature of the surface of which the body is made do not contribute to obtaining the necessary rigidity. Such bodies were previously used mainly for the manufacture of cars.

The main task in the design of car bodies is to achieve the necessary strength and stiffness characteristics of the body with minimal metal consumption and weight reduction of the body, which improves its controllability and increases load capacity.

The most important characteristic determining the general stiffness characteristics of a car body is the parameter “diagonal deformation of openings” or “diagonal movement of openings”. This parameter must be maintained in certain values for the normal functioning of the doors and the operation of locking mechanisms. To achieve the required values of diagonal deformations of the openings, the power frame and details of the openings are reinforced by increasing the thickness and, accordingly, the mass of the parts included in it, which leads to an increase in metal consumption, car mass, and a decrease in its carrying capacity and controllability. In some cases, to achieve business efficiency, they compromise by slightly reducing the thickness of the parts included in the power frame, while increasing the diagonal deformation of the openings.

The closest technical solution is a car body containing a power frame, an outer shell, openings for installing glass, doors in the cabin, made in fully-stamped parts, openings of the middle sliding and rear doors, assembled from separate stamped parts connected by welding, forming a single assembly stamped design.

Examples of such structures are GAZ 2705 Van, GAZ 2705-50 Combi, GAZ 3221 Bus, GAZ 2217 Bus and 2752 Van. Cars "Sable" and "GAZelle". Body Parts Catalog, Moscow, Third Rome Publishing House, 2006. In these bodies, the necessary values of the diagonal deformations of the openings are achieved not only by increasing the thickness of the parts included in the power frame, but also by increasing the thickness of the parts of the outer shell. The thickness of the outer shell parts greatly affects the strength and stiffness characteristics of the car body.

The thickness of body parts can only be increased to certain values, as at the same time, the car's carrying capacity drops. And it is still not high, so the GAZ 2705 has a payload capacity of only 1350 kg.

The main disadvantage of the bodies of these cars is their lack of rigidity and exceeding the recommended values of the diagonal deformations of the openings and, as a result, the reduced resource of the bodies themselves. The strength characteristics and rigidity of the car body are mainly determined by the strength characteristics of the power frame, as well as the strength characteristics of the outer shell of the body, complementing each other.

The calculation of the stress-strain state of the GAZ-3221 car body showed that the corners of the openings are most loaded, especially in those zones where the openings are located in close proximity to each other - adjacent corners.

For example, in the adjoining zones of the upper and lower corners of the opening of the sliding door with the upper and lower corners of the opening of the right door of the cab, the calculated voltages are significantly higher than the allowable values, which contributes to the deformation of the body in case of difficult loaded operating conditions.

The creation of a utility model is aimed at changing the power circuit of the car body with the aim of increasing its strength and stiffness characteristics, reducing diagonal movements of openings and reducing metal consumption.

The task is achieved in that in the car body containing the power frame, the outer shell, openings for installing glass, doors in the cabin, made in fully-stamped parts, openings of the middle sliding and rear doors, resulting from the interconnection of individual metal parts by welding and forming a single precast stamped structure,

the power frame is reinforced in the most intense corner zones of the openings by the introduction of additional power parts connecting adjacent corner zones.

As a result of increasing the strength characteristics of the power frame, the details of the outer shell, carrying out only the function of protecting the passenger compartment from the effects of the external environment, are made of sheet metal of a smaller thickness, which entails metal savings.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by sketches:

- FIG. 1 - shows a car body, rear view on the right;

- FIG. 2 - shows the rear opening - with additional details;

- FIG. 3 is a view of the opening of the sliding door and the door of the passenger compartment with additional details connecting the corner zones adjacent to the lying openings;

- FIG. 4 - aperture of a sliding door;

- FIG. 5 is a view of the opening of the driver’s door and the frame of the left sidewall reinforced with new parts connecting the corner zones between the lying openings;

- FIG. 6 is a view of an additional power part introduced to connect the upper corner zone of the opening of the sliding door and the upper corner zone of the opening of the cabin door;

- FIG. 7 is a view of an additional power part introduced to connect the footboard of the cabin with the footboard of the cabin;

- FIG. 8 is a view of an additional power part introduced to connect the upper corner zone of the opening of the sliding door and the upper corner zone of the opening for installing glass in the right side wall;

- FIG. 9 is a view of an additional power part introduced to connect the upper corner zones of the openings for installing glass in the left sidewall;

- FIG. 10 is a view of an additional power part introduced to connect the upper corner zone of the opening of the cabin door and the upper corner zone of the opening for installing glass in the left side wall;

- FIG. 11 is a view of an additional power part introduced to connect the lower corner zones of the openings for installing glass in the left sidewall;

- FIG. 12 is a view of an additional power part introduced to connect the rear panel of the floor with the parts included in the left side assembly and the parts forming the opening;

- FIG. 13 is a view of an additional power part introduced in the upper right corner of the opening of the rear doors — inside the cabin to connect to the parts forming the opening and the right side assembly;

- FIG. 14 is a view of an additional power part inserted from the outside in the lower right corner of the rear door opening to connect to the parts forming the opening and the right side assembly.

The body of the van consists of a power frame 1, an outer shell 2, in which openings are made for installing windows or doors. There are openings in the back for installation:

- cab doors - 3;

- middle sliding door - 4;

- back doors - 5;

- front windshield - 6;

- glass in the sides of the cabin - 7.

The opening of the middle sliding door 4, on the cab side, is reinforced by the installation of two new parts - 8 and 9. An additional power part - 8, is installed in the power frame 1 and connects the upper corner zone of the opening of the sliding door 4 and the upper corner zone of the opening of the door of the cabin 3. This the detail is shown in FIG. 4 and 6. A new power part - 9, is installed in the power cage 1 and connects the footboard of the cabin 10 with the footboard of the cabin of the van 11. This detail is shown in FIG. 4 and 7. In turn, parts 8 and 9 are connected by welding to part 12 connecting the opening of the sliding door 4 to the opening of the cabin door 3. On the side of the side assembly 13, the upper corner zone of the opening of the middle sliding door 4 is connected by the power part 14 to the upper corner zone an opening for installing glass 7 of the sidewall assembly 13. A new additional part 14 is shown in FIGS. 4 and 8.

The most problematic one, having the maximum values of diagonal deformations and, as a result of “diagonal movements,” the rear door opening 5 is reinforced by installing new parts 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 in the power frame 1.

The upper corners of the opening 5 of the power frame 1 inside reinforced by the installation of new parts 15 and 16 - Fig. 2 and 13 connecting the sidewalls in the assembly 13, 21 and the details of the opening 22, 23. Parts 15 and 16 are symmetrical and are installed in the upper right and left upper corners of the body.

Additional power parts 17 and 18 - FIG. 2 and 12 are installed in the lower corners of the opening 5 inside the power frame 1 and connect the rear panel of the floor 26 with the parts included in the side walls assembly 13, 21 and the details of the opening 22, 23. Parts 17 and 18 are symmetrical and are installed in the lower right and left corners bodywork.

Additional power parts 19 and 20 - FIG. 2 and 14 are installed in the lower corners of the opening 5 outside the power frame 1 connect the details of the opening 22, 23, 27 with the parts that are part of the sidewalls assembly 13 and 21.

Parts 19 and 20 are symmetrical.

Three power components 29, 30 and 31 are added to the power frame 1 of the car body on the left side consisting of a sidewall assembly 21 and an opening of a cabin door 3 interconnected by part 28. Part 29 - FIG. 5 and 10, installed in the upper part of part 28 connects the upper corner zones of the opening of the sliding door 4 and the opening of the door of the cabin 3.

Additional power part 30 - FIG. 5 and 9 connects the upper corner zones of the openings for installing glass 7 in the sides of the passenger compartment assembly 21.

Additional power part 31 - FIG. 5 and 11 connects the lower corner zones of the openings for installing glass 7 in the sides of the passenger compartment assembly 21.

At GAZ OJSC, a project was developed to increase the strength and rigidity of bodies.

A prerequisite for the development of the project was to obtain savings with a quick payback.

The proposed changes in the design of the bodies led to a significant reduction in the consumption of metal for the manufacture of automobiles and, accordingly, the mass of automobiles. In addition to saving metal, the strength characteristics of bodies are significantly increased.

For introduction into the production of bodies of a new design of GAZ OJSC, bench tests of the GAZ-32213 automobile were carried out.

The test results of the test body for torsional stiffness after durability tests showed that the loss of stiffness of doorways is reduced. In comparison with the bodies of the existing production in the experimental body, according to the report on the results of the tests, there are no cracks and fractures in the characteristic zones.

Claims (1)

A car body comprising a power frame, an outer shell, openings for installing glass and doors, characterized in that the power frame is reinforced in the most stressed corner zones of the openings by the introduction of additional power parts connecting adjacent corner zones.

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