RU157909U1 - SHELL BULLET - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Shell bullet, characterized in that the body of the bullet consists of two predominantly copper, brass or aluminum cylindrical shells with a steel or lead proppant between them in the form of a truncated cone with a hole inside, and the outer shell is made in the form of two truncated cones, mating narrow parts closer to the tail of the bullet, and the inner shell is made in the form of a cylinder, while the head inner parts of both shells mainly have non-through longitudinal incisions, which breaks the core shell forming the outer and inner shells of the pitch, increasing the destruction zone at a meeting with a massive obstacle, and does not break the membrane when encountering small obstacles without changing the direction of movement puli.2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet body is formed by two copper, brass or aluminum shells with a steel or lead proppant in the shape of a truncated cone with an opening inside. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the through axial channel is formed directly by the inner cylindrical shell, preferably having non-through longitudinal cuts on the inner head of the shell of the front of the inner shell. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell has the shape of two truncated cones, mating in narrow parts closer to the tail of the bullet. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell mainly has non-through longitudinal incisions in the front part on the inner head surface of the truncated cone. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that

Description

Shell Shell ″ OP ″

Utility Model Description

Shell bullet (hereinafter referred to as "OP") is intended for firing from smoothbore guns, mainly having muzzle constrictions up to 1.5 mm. either threaded nozzles of the Paradox type with a threaded length of not more than 140 mm, or from smooth-bore guns using threaded sleeves.

The present utility model relates to bullets for smooth-bore weapons, namely shell shells.

The prior art known prototype of the claimed utility model "hunting expansive bullet" AZART-PARADOX "patent RU 139531 U1 publ. 04/20/2014

Expansiveness is the ability of a bullet to expand, increase its diameter when it hits an obstacle.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the choice of material for the bullet body. The degree of deformation of the tail and the head of the bullet will be determined by the amount of powder charge, the stiffness of the wad and the temperature of the environment at the time of the shot, therefore, with large charges, hard wads or high temperature, there is a possibility of excessive deformation of the tail of the bullet and the overlap of the through channel inside the bullet or bullet deformation at the time of the shot. When using the AZART-PARADOX bullet with modern nitro gunpowder, the bullet will be severely deformed at the moment of firing in the cartridge case, the inner channel will be closed by the deformed bullet walls and the whole bullet will settle onto the base, completely losing its initial shape. Data on the deformation of bullets at the time of the shot (see articles by N. Izmetinsky magazine "Hunting and hunting economy" No. 9 for 1982 and No. 11 for 1983, in the book by V. P. Kostenko "Bullets for smooth-bore hunting weapons" publishing house " Publishing House Ruchenkin "2003. Page 30" Deformation of bullets at the time of the shot ").

Lead leading belts will contribute to the disruption of the bullet from the rifling, when passing inclined rifled grooves on the inner walls of rifled sleeves or nozzles of the "Paradox" type. (See M. Trushechkin, “Master Gun, 1998, No. 29) In his article, M. Trushechkin, on the basis of experiments, came to the conclusion that it is useless to use the hardest lead bullets for Paradoxes at initial bullet speeds of about 460- 480 m / s

The bullet has no structural elements to control the degree of expansiveness.

The prototype bullet cannot be used in modern cartridges with the so-called The "relay principle of dispersal", allowing to reach high initial bullet speeds of about 600 m / s, also the bullet will deform and change direction when meeting small obstacles (small branches, reeds, etc.) when moving towards the target.

Using the "relay principle of dispersal" in conjunction with modern nitro gunpowders makes it possible to achieve the initial velocity of shells in smooth-bore hunting weapons of the order of V 10 m = 600 m / s. See Trofimov V.N., Trofimov A.V. “Modern hunting ammunition for smooth-bore weapons. Bullet bullet cartridges ", Publishing House of the Ruchenkin" Moscow 2007, pp. 302 p. 3.8. Special bullets. Bullet Bronya produced by FSUE Iskra.

The advantages of the prototype are ease of manufacture, the absence of additional elements in the form of containers and shanks, low cost.

Close in technical essence and the achieved result, to the claimed utility model, is a semi-shell bullet for smoothbore hunting weapons patent RU 121051 U1 publ. 10/10/2012

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of a central channel, which leads to an increase in the cross-sectional area of the bullet, as a result of which the drag force increases and the speed of the bullet at the target decreases. There is a restriction on the firing range. The bullet is very difficult to manufacture, the bullet parts must

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be made using turning and milling, stamping, manual assembly with a liner press fitting and insertion of the shutter petals. The bullet does not have structural elements to stabilize it by rotation in flight when passing inclined rifled grooves on the inner walls of rifled sleeves or nozzles of the "Paradox" type.

The advantages of the prototype are the presence of expansibility controls in the form of shell petals, the guaranteed absence of deformation at the time of the shot by any charges of gunpowder, including with the "relay principle of dispersal."

The task to which the creation of an “OP” for smooth-bore firearms is directed, in accordance with this application for a utility model, is the development and development of mass production of bullets for sports and leisure shooting and hunting purposes, ensuring the achievement of the following technical results:

1. The uniformity of the geometric parameters of a large batch of bullets and almost the same mass of all bullets within a given batch;

2. An increase in the “lateral load of the bullet” (“the lateral load of the bullet” is the ratio of the mass of the bullet to its cross-sectional area), which leads to a decrease in drag force and an increase in the velocity of the bullet at the target, with the same charge of gunpowder and the maximum pressure in the chamber ;

3. The creation of a bullet with a given, controlled expansiveness, when it enters the body of an animal, the bullet is deformed to the maximum diameter, but does not deform and does not change the direction of flight along the trajectory when meeting with small obstacles (reeds undergrowth, etc., until meeting with a rather massive a barrier - the hunter's goal);

4. Ensuring low cost of the bullet in the production and equipment of finished cartridges;

5. Ensuring high accuracy of hitting the target at long range firing and high speed at the target;

6. Bullet stabilization on the basis of at least two principles of stabilization of bullets in flight (shift of the center of gravity to the bullets head and impact aerodynamic effect);

7. Bullet stabilization on the basis of three principles of stabilization of a bullet in flight, using threaded sleeves or nozzles of the Paradox type, with a threaded length of not more than 140 mm (displacement of the center of gravity to the bullet head, impact aerodynamic effect, stabilization of the bullet by rotation around the longitudinal axis - the so-called "gyroscopic principle of stabilization");

8. The absence of deformation of the bullet at the time of the shot and when moving along the trajectory, until it encounters an obstacle that has the specified stiffness and viscosity characteristics to destroy the head of the bullet, provided that at least 75% of the initial mass of the bullet and the specified increase in the cross-sectional area of the bullet in the body of the animal.

The solution to this problem is achieved due to the fact that the bullet body consists of two predominantly copper, brass or aluminum cylindrical shells with a steel or lead proppant located between them in the form of a truncated cone with a hole inside, and the outer shell is made in the form of two truncated cones, narrow mating closer to the tail of the bullet, and the inner shell is made in the form of a cylinder, while the head inner parts of both shells are predominantly through e longitudinal cuts along which the core breaks the shells, forming the outer and inner lobes of the shells, increasing the lesion zone when meeting a massive obstacle, and does not break the shell when meeting small obstacles without changing the direction of the bullet.

It is advisable that iron-containing alloys or lead alloys of different hardness be used as the material of the proppant core of the bullet.

Preferably, copper, brass or aluminum alloys are used as the material for the outer shell.

The hardness of the alloys for the outer shell of the bullet should allow the bullets to pass through the strong chock constrictions of modern guns to 1.5 mm., Without destroying the latter, including through interchangeable chokes, in turn, the hardness of the shells should

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be sufficient to pass the nozzle type "paradox" or rifled sleeve without breaking from the rifling at an initial bullet speed of about 600 m / s.

For the manufacture of a bullet core, a lead alloy of various degrees of hardness or steel with various strength and toughness parameters can be used.

The technical result provided by the given set of features of the utility model is the creation and development of industrial production of inexpensive, fully universal shell bullets for smoothbore weapons, allowing them to be used in smoothbore guns with any choke constriction without loss of accuracy, including guns with Paradox nozzles and threaded shells, excluding the breakdown of bullets from rifling at a bullet speed of about 600 m / s., while the bullet should provide high levels of accuracy and bullet speed at they ate, provided there was no deformation at the moment of the shot and deformation with the bullet deflecting on the trajectory when meeting small obstacles and providing a given degree of deformation of the bullet head when meeting with massive target obstacles.

The bullet "OP" consists of two copper, brass or aluminum cylindrical shells, the space between which is filled with a proppant core in the form of a truncated cone with an aperture inside, which can be made of either soft material - a lead alloy of different hardness, or a hard material - low-carbon become. The specific parameters of the geometric dimensions and strength characteristics of the core material are calculated using mathematical modeling methods on electronic computers.

Depending on the set value and the degree of deformation of the bullet head, calculated by the designers, various versions of the head of the proppant core and the head of the outer shell of the bullet can be determined to control the degree of expansivity;

- the end of the proppant core, can be made perpendicular to the axis of the bullet, at the same level with the head end of the outer and inner shell or with the overhang of the end of the outer shell (see Figs. 1 and 2);

- the end of the proppant core, can be made perpendicular to the axis of the bullet, at the same level with the head end of the outer shell and a few millimeters below the inner shell (see Fig. 3);

- the end of the proppant core, can be made in the form of a parabola branch with an overhanging end of the outer shell or without one (see Fig. 4);

- the end of the proppant core, can be made perpendicular to the axis of the bullet, with the overhang of the shell of the head of the bullet over the head end of the proppant metal core below the front end of the inner shell (see Fig. 5);

On the shells of the bullet, the controls for the degree of expansiveness on the front parts of the outer and inner shells are structurally provided in the form of through-through longitudinal cuts of the shells that form the opening petals of the shells of the bullet head, which are formed when the shells break with a wedging core when the bullet head meets a fairly rigid and massive barrier . When a bullet encounters obstacles of small mass and stiffness on the trajectory (small bushes, bulrushes, etc.), the shell does not rupture, since the drag force of the barrier is not sufficient to significantly inhibit the proppant core and begin to break the shells along the notches. When encountering massive obstacles (the body of a shot animal, earth, stones, etc.), a significant prohibition of the proppant core occurs and it begins to tear the front parts of the shells into cuts. To change the degree of deformation of the bullet head, depending on the specified design stiffness parameters when meeting obstacles of varying degrees of hardness, it is advisable to use the following options for the number, depth and location of non-through longitudinal incisions on the inner head parts of the outer and inner shells:

- The inner head of the outer shell;

- on the inner head of this shell, during the manufacturing process during stamping, 3,4,5,6,8,9,12 non-through longitudinal cuts from one sixth to one can be made

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one third of the length of the outer shell of the bullet to a depth of 0.1 to 0.9 part of the thickness of the outer shell of the bullet (See. Fig. 6);

- The inner head of the inner shell;

- on the inner head of this shell, during manufacturing during stamping, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14 non-through longitudinal cuts from one sixth to one third of the length of the inner shell of a bullet to a depth of 0.1 to 0.9 parts of the thickness of the inner shell of the bullet (See. Fig. 7). The outer shell is made in the form of two truncated cones, forming two leading bands, with the possibility of radial deformation of up to 1.5 mm in diameter. The narrowing of the outer shell closer to the tail of the bullet was created to form a zone of flow turbulence determining the presence of a stabilizing aerodynamic effect closer to the tail of the bullet (like the Blondo pool), as well as to prevent deformation of the lead core of the bullet at the time of the shot from overloads. The hardness of the outer and inner shell is selected taking into account the provision of compensation for overloads acting on the bullet at the moment of firing with modern nitro propellants, including cartridges with the so-called. "The relay principle of dispersal" of a bullet or "cartridges with a powder charge divided into parts." Using the "relay principle of dispersal" of a bullet allows you to achieve the initial velocity of the bullet in smooth-bore hunting weapons of the order of V 10 m. = 600 m / s. See Trofimov V.N., Trofimov A.V. “Modern hunting ammunition for smooth-bore weapons. Bullet bullet cartridges ", Publishing House of the Ruchenkin" Moscow 2007, pp. 302 p. 3.8. Special bullets. Bullet Bronya produced by FSUE Iskra.

The inner shell has the shape of a cylinder equal to or slightly larger in height to the outer shell of the bullet "OP", and is intended to form a through axial channel of the bullet. Through axial channel allows to reduce the cross-sectional area of the bullet, respectively, the drag force when the bullet moves along the trajectory, and also prevents deformation of the lead bullet core at the time of the shot and preserves the geometry of the inner channel of the bullet. However, due to incisions on the front of the inner shell, when faced with a massive barrier (animal body, earth, stones, etc.), the head part of the inner shell is deformed and overlaps the internal axial channel, thereby increasing the cross-sectional area and stopping the bullet. The body of the caliber shell bullet with a through axial channel externally resembles a somewhat modernized spool of thread with a through axial channel having an outer and inner shell. The implementation of the utility model “OP” is confirmed on the basis that after the development of nitro gunpowder began in the early 20th century, shell or semi-shell bullets consisting of metal or steel cores and shells based on copper, brass or metal alloys are used to fire rifled carbines and rifles packaged alloys. The presence of copper or bimetallic (mild steel coated with a layer of copper) shells of bullets allows them to pass through rifling barrels of carbines and rifles without interruption from rifling at speeds of about 900 -1200 m / s. The historically established channel shape of smooth-bore guns with choke constrictions does not allow the use of classical pointed caliber bullet forms in smooth-bore arms, due to the possibility of deformation or rupture of trunks before choke constrictions. The technical effect resulting from the combination of well-known and new features in the utility model “OP” made it possible to create a universal bullet suitable for use both in rifled trunks or their parts, as well as in classic trunks of smooth-bore guns with strong choke constrictions. At the same time, structurally incorporated elements for stabilizing bullets in flight and controlling expansiveness make it possible to control the degree of deformation of the bullet head in a wide range of speeds.

The expected technical result from the implementation of the claimed true utility model “OP” is achieved by the presence in the design of the utility model of a combination of the following essential features sufficient to achieve the technical result provided by the utility model and being in a causal relationship with the achieved technical results, namely:

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1. The uniformity of the geometric parameters of a large batch of bullets and almost the same mass of all bullets inside the batch is achieved through the manufacture of the inner and outer shells of the bullet, as well as the assembly, shells and proppant, by sequential stamping, using the same punches and dies for a certain batch of bullets. The bullet casting method always gives a greater variation in the parameters of the batch of bullets in the geometry and weight of the parts relative to the stamping method, ceteris paribus;

2. An increase in the “lateral load of the bullet”, leading to a decrease in the drag force, is achieved by the formation of the inner axial channel of the bullet through the inner shell of the bullet made of copper, brass or aluminum, which prevents the bullet from deforming and blocking the internal axial channel at the time of the shot, however, when meeting with the goal provides the possibility of controlled deformation of the bullet head due to the rupture of non-through longitudinal incisions in the head of the inner shell of the bullet.

3. The technical implementation of a projectile with controlled expansivity when an animal and small obstacles (reeds of undergrowth, etc. until reaching the target) hit the body — this is achieved by introducing into the bullet design non-through longitudinal incisions on the inner head of the outer and inner shells, as well as the selection of strength parameters of the proppant core material and various design options for the bullet head. The presence of cuts on the inner shell allows you to prevent deformation of the bullet and blockage of the internal axial channel at the time of the shot, however, when meeting with the goal provides controlled deformation of the head of the bullet due to the rupture of not-through longitudinal cuts in the head of the inner shell with the formation of the petals of the shell, increasing the area of damage.

4. Providing a relatively low cost of bullets in the production and equipment of finished cartridges is achieved using the method of sequential stamping, which reduces the cost of production without reducing the quality and level of tolerances for the production of large batches of bullets. The shape of the bullet where the leading edges of the bullet formed by the extreme parts of the outer shell play the role of leading and centering belts reduces the cost of assembling finished cartridges due to the possibility of a bunker method of delivering missile equipment to the outfitting machine. This essential feature of PM eliminates the manual labor required in the case of assembling tubes with bullets for outfitting machines, if external segmented containers are used in the construction of bullets.

5. Ensuring high accuracy indicators of hitting the target at long range firing - is ensured by extremely small tolerances of the geometric and weight parameters of the bullets provided by the selected method of sequential stamping in the manufacture of bullets "OP".

6. Stabilization based on at least two principles of stabilization of bullets in flight - is provided due to the geometric shape of the bullet allowing you to shift the center of gravity to the head. The second principle is ensured by the aerodynamic shock effect caused by separation of the air flow from the bullet body in the zone of turbulent turbulence caused by the narrowing of the outer shell in the tail of the bullet in front of the tail leading edge.

7. Bullet stabilization on the basis of three principles of stabilization of bullets in flight when using threaded shells or nozzles of the Paradox type with a threaded length of not more than 140 mm. - achieved by shifting the center of gravity to the bullet head, the aerodynamic shock effect caused by separation of the air flow from the bullet body in the zone of turbulent turbulence caused by the narrowing of the outer shell in the tail of the bullet in front of the tail leading edge, as well as the possibility of radial deformation of the head and tail leading edges , without breaking from rifling at large initial bullet speeds, at the moment of passing a bullet of inclined rifled grooves on the inner walls of rifled sleeves or nozzles of the "Paradox" type. (See M. Trushechkin, “Master Gun, 1998, No. 29. In his article, M. Trushechkin, on the basis of experiments, came to the conclusion that it is useless to use the hardest lead bullets for Paradoxes at initial projectile speeds of about 460- 480 m / s due to the breakdown of the latter from the rifling caused by insufficient rigidity of the lead bullet shells);

8. The absence of deformation of the bullet at the time of the shot and when moving along the trajectory, until it encounters an obstacle that has the specified characteristics of the limit of stiffness and viscosity to destroy the head of the bullet, provided that at least 75% of the initial mass of the bullet and the specified increase in cross-sectional area are preserved bullets in the animal’s body - this is achieved by introducing into the design of the bullet non-through longitudinal incisions on the inner head of the outer and inner shells, as well as the selection of material parameters wedging rdechnika and various design options of the bullet head. The presence of cuts on the inner shell allows you to prevent deformation of the bullet and blockage of the internal axial channel at the time of the shot and when moving along the trajectory. The presence of notched petals, when meeting a target with specified parameters of stiffness and viscosity, provides a controlled deformation of the bullet head due to the rupture of not-through longitudinal incisions in the head of the bullet’s inner shell to the required value determined by the length and number of notched petals. The presence of cuts on the inner head of the outer shell allows you to prevent deformation of the bullet and the loss of the external geometric shapes of the bullet at the time of the shot and when moving along the trajectory. Meanwhile, when meeting with a target with the specified stiffness and viscosity parameters, a controlled deformation of the bullet head is ensured due to the rupture of not-through longitudinal incisions in the head of the inner shell to a predetermined value determined by the length and number of notched petals.

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Claims (7)

1. Shell bullet, characterized in that the body of the bullet consists of two predominantly copper, brass or aluminum cylindrical shells with a steel or lead proppant between them in the form of a truncated cone with a hole inside, and the outer shell is made in the form of two truncated cones, mating narrow parts closer to the tail of the bullet, and the inner shell is made in the form of a cylinder, while the head inner parts of both shells mainly have non-through longitudinal incisions, which breaks the core shell forming the outer and inner shells of the pitch, increasing the destruction zone at a meeting with a massive obstacle, and does not break the membrane when encountering small obstacles without changing the direction of the bullets motion. 2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the bullet body is formed by two copper, brass or aluminum shells with a steel or lead proppant in the shape of a truncated cone with an opening inside. 3. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the through axial channel is formed directly by the inner cylindrical shell, mainly having non-through longitudinal cuts on the inner head of the shell of the front of the inner shell. 4. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell has the form of two truncated cones, mating in narrow parts closer to the tail of the bullet. 5. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell preferably has non-through longitudinal cuts in the front part on the inner head surface of the truncated cone. 6. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer shell with its lateral and end parts directly forms two leading bullet belts, while the belts have the ability to radially deform in the head and tail parts of the bullet for free passage of constrictions or nozzles of the "Paradox" type without breaking bullets from rifling. 7. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the degree of deformation of the bullet head is controlled by selecting combinations of the number, length and depth of non-through longitudinal cuts of the bullet head of the inner and outer shells of the bullet or by changing the hardness and / or material of the proppant.

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