RU157772U1 - TURBOCHARGER OPERATION CONTROL SYSTEM WITH HEAT-INSULATING RECEIVER OF TRANSPORT DIESEL - Google Patents

Abstract

A turbocharger operation control system with a heat-insulated receiver of a transport diesel engine, containing an internal combustion engine, a turbine, a compressor, an air filter connected through an air duct to a compressor, a muffler connected through an exhaust pipe to a turbine, an exhaust gas bypass valve, an exhaust receiver, a bypass valve of the receiver , a one-way valve installed in the compressed gas bypass and a bypass valve control unit, characterized in that an insulating jacket is installed on the exhaust gas receiver.

Description

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used to increase the efficiency of a transport diesel turbocharger.

A device for heating water by using heat from an engine with heat insulation is known, comprising: adapters for a heater and a pipe, a heater shut-off valve, a heat exchanger, a coil, an outlet hose with a crane, additional pipes and a heat-insulating jacket. In this device, the heat-insulating shirt allows you to save the energy of the coolant, that is, the energy of the coolant is not transferred to the environment (Utility Model Patent No. 78732 B60H 1/00, application filing date 07.06.2008, published: 10.12.2008).

A control system for the operation of a turbocharger with a receiver of a transport diesel engine is also known, comprising: an internal combustion engine, a turbine, a compressor, an air filter, a silencer, an exhaust valve for an exhaust gas channel, an exhaust receiver in which exhaust energy is accumulated, a receiver bypass valve, one-way a valve installed in the bypass channel of compressed gases from the receiver to the turbine and the bypass valve control unit (Utility Model Patent No. 101093, filing date ki 05.04.2010 Published: 10.01.2011 Byul.№1).

The control system of the turbocharger with the receiver of a transport diesel engine uses the energy of the accumulated exhaust gases that accumulate in the receiver. When accelerating the vehicle, when the driver acts on the fuel pedal, a signal is sent from the sensors to the control unit, which opens the bypass valve of the receiver, additional exhaust gases come from the receiver to the turbine. The intake of exhaust gases into the receiver occurs during engine braking through the bypass valve of the exhaust gas channel.

A disadvantage in the known system is that after the exhaust gas enters the receiver in engine braking modes, the temperature of the exhaust gas drops in the receiver (part of the energy of the exhaust gas is given in the form of heat to the environment through the walls of the receiver), which negatively affects the operation of the control system turbocharger. This follows from the fact that in the transition mode during acceleration of the vehicle, when the driver, acting on the fuel supply pedal, increases the fuel supply, the accumulated exhaust gases from the receiver are additionally supplied to the exhaust gases from the engine cylinders in the pipeline in front of the turbine. When they are mixed in the pipeline in front of the turbine, the total temperature of the mixed exhaust gases drops. And since the performance of the turbocharger depends on the pressure of the exhaust gases in front of the turbine, and the pressure accordingly depends on the temperature of the exhaust gases, a drop in the temperature of the exhaust gases will lead to a decrease in the required performance of the turbocharger. Thus, there is a partial mismatch between the compressor and the engine during transition during acceleration of the vehicle, which can cause an increase in smoke and emission of toxic components with exhaust gases arising from incomplete combustion of the fuel, since the turbocharger will not provide the necessary amount of fresh air charge in accordance with cyclic fuel supply in the transition mode of acceleration of the vehicle.

This design is the closest to the proposed technical essence and is taken as the closest analogue (prototype).

The objective of the proposal is to increase the efficiency of the turbocharger during transient engine operation: during acceleration of the vehicle, when additional exhaust gases from the receiver are supplied to the pipeline in front of the turbine and mixed with exhaust gases from the engine cylinders.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the control system of the turbocharger is equipped with a heat-insulating jacket installed on the exhaust gas receiver, which allows the temperature (thermal energy) of the accumulated exhaust gases to be stored in the receiver to be braked by the engine, and its use (thermal energy) on the turbine of the turbocharger during acceleration vehicle. In combination, this leads to a decrease in the energy loss of the exhaust gases accumulated in the receiver, and to an increase in the energy of the total exhaust gases from the receiver and the engine cylinders on the turbine, which contributes to a more intensive acceleration of the turbocompressor rotor and thereby to an increase in the rate of increase in pressure and air charge mass in the diesel cylinders , which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the combined diesel supercharged in transient acceleration modes.

An analysis of the proposed solution and the known ones allows us to conclude that it meets the conditions of patentability of a utility model.

The proposal is illustrated in the figure, which shows the control system of a turbocharger with a heat-insulated receiver of a transport diesel engine.

The proposed control system for the operation of a turbocharger with an insulated receiver of a transport diesel engine contains an internal combustion engine 1, a turbine 2, a compressor 3, an air filter 4 connected through an air duct to a compressor 3, a muffler 5 connected through an exhaust pipe to a turbine 2, an overflow valve 6 of the exhaust gas channel 7, the exhaust gas receiver 8, in which the accumulation of energy of the exhaust gases takes place, the bypass valve of the receiver 9, the one-way valve 10 installed in the bypass channel e compressed gases 11, control unit bypass valves 12, heat-insulating jacket 13.

The proposed control system for the operation of a turbocompressor with a heat-insulating receiver of a transport diesel engine operates as follows.

With uniform movement (preferential engine operation) of the vehicle, air through the air filter 4 through the air pipe enters the compressor 3, is compressed in the compressor and under the necessary pressure enters the cylinders of engine 1 (the turbocompressor is calculated for one operating point at which it operates with the maximum coefficient of performance, as the calculated point, the characteristic point of the engine characteristic is selected, near which the preferred modes of its operation are located). After the working process in the cylinders of the engine 1, the exhaust gases flow through the exhaust pipe to the turbine 2, bypassing the bypass valve 6. The exhaust gases rotate the turbine 2 and then through the exhaust pipe and muffler 5 are discharged into the atmosphere.

When engine braking (when the driver reduces the amount of fuel supply), the command from the sensors is sent to the control unit 12, which opens the bypass valve of the receiver 9 and the bypass valve 6 of the exhaust gas channel 7, in addition, valve 6 covers the channel to the turbine 2. Exhaust gases under pressure enter the exhaust gas receiver 8 through the exhaust gas channel 7. Thus, the exhaust gases are accumulated without loss of engine energy and the attraction of additional energy sources. The heat-insulating jacket 13 installed on the exhaust gas receiver 8 stores the temperature (thermal energy) of the accumulated exhaust gas in the receiver 8 under engine braking mode 1.

Further, when the vehicle accelerates (starts moving), the driver acts on the fuel supply pedal (increases fuel supply), a signal is sent from the sensors to the control unit 12, which opens the bypass valve of the receiver 9 (the bypass valve 6 of the exhaust gas channel 7 is closed). The exhaust gases previously accumulated in the receiver 8 (which retained their temperature and energy in the heat-insulated receiver 8, due to isolation from the environment by means of the heat-insulated jacket 13 on the receiver 8) come under pressure and with a high temperature (approximately equal to the temperature of the exhaust gases from the engine cylinders) exhaust gas receiver 8 through the bypass valve of the receiver 9, through a one-way valve 10 through the bypass channel of the compressed gases 11 to the turbine 2. Thus, in the pipeline in front of the turbine another 2, gases from a higher temperature receiver 8 having more energy are supplied, and as a result, a greater amount of exhaust gases with a higher total temperature (exhaust gases from the engine cylinders 1 and accumulated exhaust gases from a heat-insulated receiver 8 with a heat-insulating jacket is supplied to the turbine 2 13, retaining their temperature and energy). Consequently, the turbocharger turbine 2 spins up faster and thereby, during the transitional acceleration mode, a larger amount of fresh air charge enters the cylinders, which is necessary for the combustion of fuel supplied by the driver at the beginning of movement and acceleration of the vehicle.

Compared with the closest analogue (prototype), the proposed control system for the operation of a turbocharger with a heat-insulated receiver of a transport diesel engine consists of structural elements: an internal combustion engine, a turbine, a compressor, an air filter connected through an air duct to a compressor, a muffler connected through an exhaust pipe to a turbine , exhaust gas channel bypass valve, exhaust gas receiver, receiver bypass valve, one-way valve installed in the bypass anal compressed gas and a control unit spill valves having mutual arrangement and coupling between them, and characterized in that an additional structural element in the exhaust gas receiver - insulating jacket. The heat-insulating shirt, in turn, is mutually located and has a connection with other structural elements of the system, isolates the exhaust gases in the receiver from the environment, thereby ensuring the preservation of their temperature and energy. This allows the supply of previously accumulated exhaust gases from the receiver with a heat-insulating jacket to the pipeline in front of the turbine of additional exhaust gases that have retained their temperature and energy, thereby the total energy of the exhaust gases supplied to the turbocharger in diesel acceleration mode increases, and as a result, the acceleration time of the turbocompressor rotor is shrinking.

Compared with the closest analogue (prototype), the proposed control system for the operation of a turbocharger with a heat-insulated receiver of a transport diesel engine provides an increase in the efficiency of a transport diesel engine in transient conditions when accelerating a vehicle, that is, it improves the consistency of the piston part of the engine and the air supply system in transient acceleration modes, improves fuel economy, reduces emissions of toxic components with exhaust gases, constituents during incomplete combustion.

These advantages indicate the achievement of the task - improving the efficiency of the turbocharger in transient engine operation.

Claims (1)

A control system for the operation of a turbocharger with an insulated receiver of a transport diesel engine, comprising an internal combustion engine, a turbine, a compressor, an air filter connected through an air duct to a compressor, a muffler connected through an exhaust pipe to a turbine, an exhaust gas bypass valve, an exhaust gas receiver, a receiver bypass valve , a one-way valve installed in the bypass channel of compressed gases and a control unit for the bypass valves, characterized in that on the receiver The exhaust gas is fitted with a heat-insulating shirt.

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