RU101093U1 - TURBO COMPRESSOR OPERATION CONTROL SYSTEM WITH TRANSPORT DIESEL RECEIVER - Google Patents

Abstract

A turbocharger operation control system containing a turbine with exhaust pipelines, a compressor with an inlet pipeline and a compressed gas supply channel, characterized in that an exhaust receiver, a compressed gas bypass, an exhaust gas channel, a one-way valve installed in the exhaust tract is installed after the engine cylinders the compressed gas bypass from the receiver to the turbine, the receiver bypass valve, the exhaust gas bypass valve and the bypass valve control unit.

Description

The proposal relates to mechanical engineering, namely to engine building and can be used to increase the efficiency of a transport diesel turbocharger.

A device for regulating diesel pressurization, comprising a turbocharger with an exhaust gas turbine and a compressor, the pressure pipe of which is connected to the diesel cylinders through a receiving receiver, a resonance pipe and intermediate containers, uniting each inlet pipe of not more than four cylinders with non-overlapping intake phases (USSR author's certificate No. 946411, class F02B 27/00, 1982.) The receiving receiver is equipped with a safety valve that is adjusted to allowable pressure in the intermediate capacities. The valve has a spring-loaded shut-off element, the cross-section of which is made linearly dependent on its stroke. The turbocharger is selected so as to provide a sufficiently high diesel torque at a reduced crankshaft speed.

A disadvantage of the known device is that the applied regulation does not exclude conditions for the emergence of modes of mismatched operation of the turbine and compressor due to the fact that air bypass from the discharge cavity when the specified pressure is exceeded is carried out over the turbine or into the atmosphere, since a compressor with an increased performance, which leads to an increase in the time constant of the turbocharger.

Also known is the Hyperbar diesel system, the French company Suralmo, which consists of a turbine connected to the inlet to the exhaust pipes and an outlet to the atmosphere, a compressor connected to the inlet pipe, a compressed gas supply channel, an additional combustion chamber with a fuel pump, installed in the exhaust pipe, which implements a method of controlling the operation of a turbocompressor by increasing the gas pressure in front of the turbine. (Fain MA Analysis of the prospects for the development of diesel boost control systems using the descriptions of patents for inventions // Engine building. - 1981. - No. 2. - p. 36-38) This system provides a high average effective pressure and makes it possible to change torque characteristics. One of the drawbacks of this system is that it is required to consume fuel to power an additional combustion chamber, therefore, an engine with the Hyperbar diesel system has a fairly high fuel consumption.

This design is the closest to the proposed technical essence and adopted as a prototype.

The objective of the proposal is to increase the efficiency of the turbocharger in transient engine operation (acceleration of the vehicle).

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that after the engine cylinders an exhaust gas receiver is installed in the exhaust tract, in which the exhaust gases accumulate during engine braking modes, and in the boost modes these gases are additionally supplied to the turbine.

An analysis of the proposed solution and the known ones allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability conditions of the utility model.

The proposal is illustrated in the figure (figure 1), which shows the control system of the turbocharger with the receiver of a transport diesel engine.

The proposed control system for the operation of a turbocharger with a receiver of a transport diesel engine includes an internal combustion engine 1, a turbine 2, a compressor 3, an air filter 4 connected through an air duct to a compressor 3, a muffler 5 connected through an exhaust pipe to a turbine 2, an overflow valve 6 of the exhaust gas channel 7 , an exhaust gas receiver 8, in which accumulation of exhaust gas energy takes place, a bypass valve of the receiver 9, a one-way valve 10 installed in the bypass channel of the compressed gases 11 with Siver 8 to the turbine 2 and the control unit bypass valves 12.

The proposed control system for the operation of a turbocompressor with a receiver of a transport diesel engine operates as follows.

With a uniform movement (preferential engine operation) of the vehicle, air through the air filter 4 through the air pipe enters the compressor 3, is compressed in the compressor and under the necessary pressure enters the cylinders of engine 1 (the turbocompressor is calculated for one operating point at which it operates with the maximum coefficient of performance, as the calculated point, the characteristic point of the engine characteristic is selected, near which the preferred modes of its operation are located). After the working process in the cylinders of the engine 1, the exhaust gases flow through the exhaust pipe to the turbine 2, bypassing the bypass valve 6. The exhaust gases rotate the turbine 2 and then through the exhaust pipe and muffler 5 are discharged into the atmosphere.

When engine braking (when the driver reduces the amount of fuel supply), the command from the sensors is sent to the control unit 12, which opens the bypass valve of the receiver 9 and the bypass valve 6 of the exhaust gas channel 7, in addition, valve 6 covers the channel to the turbine 2. Exhaust gases under pressure enter the exhaust gas receiver 8 through the exhaust gas channel 7. Thus, the exhaust gases are accumulated without loss of engine energy and the attraction of additional energy sources.

Further, when the vehicle accelerates (starts moving), the driver acts on the fuel supply pedal (increases fuel supply), a signal is sent from the sensors to the control unit 12, which opens the bypass valve of the receiver 9 (the bypass valve 6 of the exhaust gas channel 7 is closed). Previously accumulated exhaust gases come under pressure from the exhaust gas receiver 8 through the bypass valve of the receiver 9, through a one-way valve 10 through the bypass channel of the compressed gases 11 to the turbine 2. Thus, a larger amount of exhaust gases flows to the turbine 2 (exhaust gases from the engine cylinders 1 and accumulated exhaust gases from the receiver 8), therefore, the turbine 3 spins faster and thereby a greater amount of fresh air charge is received in the cylinders, which is necessary for combustion increased amount of fuel supplied by the driver when starting and accelerating the vehicle.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed control system for the operation of the turbocharger with the receiver of the transport diesel engine provides an increase in the efficiency of the transport diesel engine in transient conditions, that is, it improves the consistency of the piston part of the engine and the air supply system, improves engine throttle response (accelerates engine response to increased fuel supply), improves fuel economy, reduces the amount of emissions of toxic components with exhaust gases (arising from incomplete combustion fuel).

These advantages indicate the achievement of the task - improving the efficiency of the turbocharger in transient engine operation.

Claims (1)

A control system for the operation of a turbocompressor comprising a turbine with exhaust pipes, a compressor with an intake pipe and a compressed gas supply channel, characterized in that after the engine cylinders an exhaust gas receiver, a compressed gas bypass channel, an exhaust gas channel, a one-way valve installed in the bypass channel of compressed gases from the receiver to the turbine, the bypass valve of the receiver, the bypass valve of the exhaust gas channel and the bypass valve control unit.