RU157715U1 - WOODEN BLOCK - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A wooden building block made of dried edged boards, equal in length, width and thickness of the boards, the width of which is made of relief notches, characterized in that it is assembled from a set of packages made up of vertically arranged boards of the same length that take up vertical loads; while the boards are interconnected in the longitudinal direction by lateral planes; while the packages are connected to each other with the formation of grooves and spikes along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the packages relative to each other; moreover, the connection between the packages is carried out using glue and / or other fasteners; while in the parts to be connected, holes were drilled for fasteners at a predetermined distance from each other in accordance with the diameter of these elements. 2. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the width and depth of the grooves on the lower (upper) side of the block is greater than the width and height of the spikes corresponding to them, the spikes on the upper (lower) side of the block. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the packages are connected to each other using fasteners in the form of dowels for wood installed in holes drilled in the boards. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installation on a similar block. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that in the packages the outer boards on the inner side at one end are made with conical edges, and the inner boards are made with conical edges on both sides, forming conical grooves and conical studs�

Description

The utility model relates to the woodworking industry, in particular to the elements of building structures, and is intended primarily for the construction of capital bearing walls in low-rise construction.

Famous houses from a wild log house. Difficulties with manual adjustment of logs during construction, a lot of questions about wall insulation and drying of the initial material, as well as the need to unify and reduce the cost of all the cycles for building houses made of wood, led to the emergence of production facilities for producing logs, timber and profiled timber.

A well-known wooden brick (Internet, http://www.remmers.net.ua/), which is a multilayer beam of uniform size (for example: 750: 125: 145 mm), consisting of several boards (lamellas) that are glued and fastened with each other with a certain offset, as a result of which locks are formed on all sides to connect the bricks to each other in the vertical and horizontal planes. The lamellas are interconnected using glue and dowels. For gluing lamellas, environmentally friendly water-based glue is used (Internet. Http://www.remmers.net.ua/).

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions include the fact that in the manufacture of analogues (glued beams, etc.) high-quality long raw materials are used, which accordingly increases the cost of the final product. In the manufacture of similar wood products, a horizontal arrangement of the material is used (the fibers of the material used are located horizontally), which reduces the bearing characteristics and shrinks throughout the entire operation period. The width of analogues is limited due to the high price, weight (glued beam if made 400-500 mm wide, then its weight will double, and it is impossible to mount it without mechanization, the price rises).

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a wooden building block Kurochkina (utility model patent No. 124275, IPC Е04В 1/10, op, January 20, 2013). The wooden building block is made of several edged dried equal-length boards, the length and width of the boards connected to each other with the formation of grooves and ridges along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the boards relative to each other, previously soaked in a softening solution of the board with plastic properties, made in width with a longitudinal relief with a width of 5-10 mm, a depth of 2-5 mm, and connected to the block using an adhesive, the width and depth of the grooves on the underside of the block pain more than the width and height of their ridges on the upper side of the block. The wooden building block is made in the form of several edged or other boards, in which the dried boards are connected by metal studs with the formation of protrusions and grooves along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the boards relative to each other.

The disadvantages of this technical solution is that, firstly, all the parts (lamellas) are arranged horizontally, which accordingly shrinks (shrinks) after the construction of the structure. Secondly, all parts (boards) are made of a longer material, which accordingly increases the cost of the block; in the proposed utility model, material from 200 mm. Is used, in a known technical solution from 750 mm. Width 125, 145 mm., It is also insufficient for good thermal insulation. Considering that the lamellas of the indicated size depending on the wood (weight depends on the density of the material) will be quite heavy and cannot be mounted by one person.

The objective of the utility model is to create a wooden building block with high vertical bearing characteristics, withstanding increased horizontal loads in the longitudinal and transverse planes, allowing you to quickly and accurately install it in place in the longitudinal and transverse planes without the use of additional tools and devices, such as level, plumb , chopping cord, etc.

The technical result from the implementation of the inventive wooden building block is to improve the quality of construction and operational properties of low-rise buildings, reduce their cost and dramatically reduce the construction time. In addition, the claimed utility model in a particular case allows to increase non-waste wood processing, because in the manufacture of the building element, trimming of lumber is used, at least two times less than in the manufacture of traditional methods.

This is achieved due to the fact that the wooden building block, made of dried edged boards, equal in length, width and thickness of the boards, the width of which are embossed notches, according to the utility model according to the first embodiment, is assembled from a set of packages made up of vertically arranged boards, perceiving vertical loads, in an amount of at least two or more, of any length, but the same length in one block. In this case, the boards are glued to each other in the longitudinal direction with lateral planes; while the packages are connected to each other with the formation of grooves and spikes along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the packages relative to each other. Moreover, the connection between the packages is carried out using glue and / or other fasteners. Moreover, in the parts to be connected, holes were drilled for the fasteners at a predetermined distance from each other in accordance with the diameter of these elements.

This is achieved due to the fact that a wooden building block made of dried edged boards, equal in length, width and thickness of boards, having embossed notches made in width, according to the utility model in the second embodiment, it is assembled from a set of packages composed of vertically arranged boards, perceiving vertical loads, in an amount of at least two or more, any length, but the same length in one block. In this case, the boards are glued to each other in the longitudinal direction with lateral planes; while the packages are connected to each other with the formation of grooves and spikes along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the packages relative to each other. Moreover, the connection between the packages is carried out using glue and / or other fasteners. Moreover, in the parts to be connected, holes were drilled for the fasteners at a predetermined distance from each other in accordance with the diameter of these elements. In this case, the outer boards on the inner side at one end are made with conical edges, and the inner boards are made with conical edges on both sides, forming conical grooves and conical spikes. Moreover, on the upper part of the conical grooves there are gaps in which a conical spike with a reverse cone is inserted, on which there are also gaps. In this case, the conical spikes in the lower part have a conical thickening and tears. The conical groove on the upper part of the block is directed by the narrowing part towards the lower part of the groove and the gaps. In this case, the conical spike is installed in the gap of the conical groove with the possibility of its shift in the longitudinal plane to one side until the next gap, eliminating the possibility of vertical displacement. In this case, the conical groove has a conical angle equal to the angle of the conical thickening of the conical spike. At the same time, the packages are connected to each other using fasteners in the form of dowels for wood installed in holes drilled in the boards. Moreover, the conical spike has a conical thickening, the angle of which is from 2 to 10 degrees. In this case, the block is made with the possibility of installation on a similar block. The width and depth of the grooves on the lower (upper) side of the block is greater than the width and height of the spikes corresponding to them, the ridges on the upper (lower) side of the block. The proposed utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a wooden building block, option 1, general view;

block vertical arrangement of all elements

in FIG. 2 - also, front view;

in FIG. 3 - also, side view;

in FIG. 4 - also, a top view;

in FIG. 5 - also, a view with notches for holding glue;

in FIG. 6 is also a view with dowel holes;

in FIG. 7 - also, option 2, general view;

in FIG. 8 - also, option 2, front view;

in FIG. 9 - also, option 2, side view;

in FIG. 10 - also, option 2, top view;

in FIG. 11 - also, a fragment of the corner assembly;

in FIG. 12 - also, a fragment of the assembly.

Positions indicate: board 1; groove 2; spike 3; adhesive layer 4; notches 5; holes 6; gap 7; conical groove 8; conical spike 9; conical thickening 10.

The proposed group of utility models, forming a single creative concept, is a wooden building block of a uniform size, assembled from separate packages consisting of vertically arranged boards 1 (slats), which are glued and fastened together with a certain offset, as a result of which locks are formed with all sides to connect the blocks to each other. To glue boards 1 and packages using environmentally friendly adhesive based on water.

According to the first embodiment, the wooden building block is made of dried edged boards, equal in length, width and thickness of the boards 1, on the surface of which relief notches are made across the width 5. The wooden building block is assembled from a set of packages made up of vertically arranged boards 1 that take up vertical loads , in an amount of at least two or more, of any length but the same length in one block. In this case, the boards 1 are interconnected by an adhesive layer 4 in the longitudinal direction with lateral planes; while the packages are connected to each other with the formation of grooves 2 and spikes 3 along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the packages relative to each other. Moreover, the connection between the packages is carried out using glue and / or other fasteners. At the same time, holes 6 were drilled in the connected parts for fasteners (not shown in the figures) at a predetermined distance from each other in accordance with the diameter of these fasteners. The width and depth of the grooves 2 on the lower (upper) side of the block is greater than the width and height of the corresponding grooves 2 on the upper (lower) side of the block. Spike 3 - grooved 2 elements are made around the perimeter of the block, notches 5 are designed to hold the glue.

According to the second option, the wooden building block is made of dried edged boards, equal in length, width and thickness of the boards 1, on the surface of which embossed notches are made in width 5. The wooden building block is assembled from a set of packages made up of vertically arranged boards 1, which take up vertical loads , in an amount of at least two or more, of any length but the same length in one block. In this case, the boards 1 are interconnected by an adhesive layer 4 in the longitudinal direction with lateral planes; while the packages are connected to each other with the formation of grooves 2 and spikes 3 along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the packages relative to each other. Moreover, the connection between the packages is carried out using glue and / or other fasteners. At the same time, holes 6 were drilled in the connected parts for fasteners (not shown in the figures) at a predetermined distance from each other in accordance with the diameter of these fasteners. The width and depth of the grooves 2 on the lower (upper) side of the block is greater than the width and height of the corresponding grooves 2 on the upper (lower) side of the block. Spike 3 - grooved 2 elements are made around the perimeter of the block, notches 5 are designed to hold the glue. Distinctive features of the block of the second embodiment from the block in the first embodiment is that the outer boards 1 on the inner side at one end are made with conical edges, and the inner boards 1 are made with conical edges on both sides, forming conical grooves 8 and conical spikes 9. When on the top of the conical grooves 8 there are gaps 7 in which a conical spike 9 with a reverse cone is inserted, on which there are also gaps 7. In this case, the conical spikes 9 in the lower part have a conical thickening 10 and gaps 7. The conical groove 8 on the upper part b eye directed tapered part to the bottom part 2 and the groove discontinuities 7. This tapered spike 9 is installed in the tapered gap groove 8 slidably in the longitudinal plane to one side next to the gap 7, eliminating the possibility of vertical displacement. In this case, the conical groove 8 has a conical angle equal to the angle of the conical thickening of the conical spike 9. In this case, the packages are interconnected using fasteners in the form of dowels for wood (not shown) installed in holes 6 drilled in the boards 1. In this case, the conical spike 9 has a conical thickening, the angle of which is from 2 to 10 degrees. In this case, the block is made with the possibility of installation on a similar block. The width and depth of the grooves 2 on the lower (upper) side of the block is greater than the width and height of the spikes 3 corresponding to them, the spikes 3 on the upper (lower) side of the block.

The wooden building block, according to both options, is made with the possibility of installation on a similar one.

This utility model provides the creation of universal building elements that allow erecting walls bearing vertical structures, partitions of any shape, thickness and profile from sawmill and woodworking waste without the use of additional gluing, cementing and sealing materials and special fasteners, which reduces the cost and simplifies construction.

Given that the structure is made of vertically arranged wooden elements, shrinkage of wooden structures is excluded, which accounts for 12-18 months with a horizontal arrangement of lumber fibers and increases the possibility of perceiving vertical loads by 5-8 times. Many well-known blocks of a similar design are not bearing, i.e. they can be used in combination with separately located supporting supports (columns, columns) between which the space is filled with them.

The proposed wooden building block is structurally bearing and designed for the perception of vertical loads and is primarily intended for the construction of capital (bearing) walls in low-rise construction. This is one of the most important advantages of this development.

For the manufacture of a supporting wooden building element, there is a large selection of types and varieties of wood, it can be pine, larch, spruce, birch, aspen, oak, etc., or combined, for example:

90% pine -10% larch (for interior decoration);

70% pine - 30% cedar;

90% pine - 10% oak or mahogany veneer;

90% of larch - 10% veneer;

70% ate 4-5 grade - 30% pine 1 grade, etc.

50% birch - 50% of other species (birch, oak and other hard rocks are placed vertically inside the block to increase the vertical load, for example, with an increase in the number of storeys.)

Wooden building elements can vary in type of execution, material of manufacture, in appearance, in purpose, etc.

The wooden building block is assembled by connecting the boards 1 to each other in the longitudinal direction by the lateral planes by means of an adhesive layer in a package. Then the sequential installation of packages with offset relative to each other with the formation of grooves 2 on one side and spikes 3 on the other side. Moreover, in the parts to be connected, in accordance with the diameter of the dowels, holes 6 are drilled under them at a predetermined distance from each other. Dowels are inserted into one of the parts to be joined (as a rule, this is a bearing part or a transverse connection) and fixed to glue. Adhesive is applied to the structural elements thus prepared and pressed together.

In the utility model, moisture falling between the planks into technological slots and gaps cannot have a destructive effect, since the block is treated with antiseptic, moisture-repellent agents (primer, water-based varnish, etc.). And also considering its small size, it can be hermetically sealed during transportation and storage with packaging film.

When using the utility model, it is possible to increase the physicomechanical, in particular, the strength and rigidity of the structure, as well as the operational characteristics of the wooden I-beam.

Claims (10)

1. A wooden building block made of dried edged boards, equal in length, width and thickness of the boards, the width of which is made of relief notches, characterized in that it is assembled from a set of packages made up of vertically arranged boards of the same length that take up vertical loads; while the boards are interconnected in the longitudinal direction by lateral planes; while the packages are connected to each other with the formation of grooves and spikes along the length and at the ends of the block due to the longitudinal and transverse displacement of the packages relative to each other; moreover, the connection between the packages is carried out using glue and / or other fasteners; while in the parts to be connected, holes were drilled for fasteners at a predetermined distance from each other in accordance with the diameter of these elements. 2. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the width and depth of the grooves on the lower (upper) side of the block is greater than the width and height of the tenons corresponding to them, the tenons on the upper (lower) side of the block. 3. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the packages are connected to each other using fasteners in the form of dowels for wood installed in holes drilled in the boards. 4. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installation on a similar block. 5. The wooden building block according to claim 1, characterized in that in the packages the outer boards on the inner side at one end are made with conical edges, and the inner boards are made with conical edges on both sides, forming conical grooves and conical spikes. 6. The wooden building block according to claim 5, characterized in that on the upper part of the conical grooves there are gaps in which a conical spike with a reverse cone is inserted, on which there are also gaps. 7. The wooden building block according to claim 5, characterized in that the conical spikes in the lower part have a conical thickening and gaps, the conical groove on the upper part of the block is directed by the narrowing part to the lower part of the groove and gaps. 8. The wooden building block according to claim 5, characterized in that the conical spike is installed in the gap of the conical groove with the possibility of its shift in the longitudinal plane to one side until the next gap, eliminating the possibility of vertical displacement. 9. The wooden building block according to claim 5, characterized in that the conical groove has a conical angle equal to the angle of the conical thickening of the conical spike. 10. The wooden building block according to claim 5, characterized in that the conical spike has a conical thickening, the angle of which is from 2 ° to 10 °.

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