RU157639U1 - AUTOMATED SELF-PROPELLED SOIL BREEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. An automated self-propelled soil sprinkler, consisting of a trailed long-range sprinkler and an agricultural tractor equipped with a system for automatically controlling water flow depending on soil moisture, including a sampler in the form of a mounted trencher with a lifting conveyor, an automatic device for continuous measurement of soil moisture as a function of the angle of repose , actuator and regulatory body, characterized in that on the tractor in front of the trencher m further hung Coulter, which is immersed into the soil to the top level root rasteniy.2 system. The automated self-propelled soil sprinkler according to claim 1, characterized in that a knife, for example a disk one, is mounted on the tractor in front of the skimmer.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the automation of irrigation of crops by sprinkling.

In arid areas, crop yields are largely dependent on the presence of the optimum amount of moisture in the soil, especially during the vegetative period of plant growth. Currently used sprinklers and mechanisms allow watering according to the norms. Given the current level of automation of technological processes, this method of irrigation cannot be considered quite effective, since it does not take into account local soil moisture, which depends on the composition, soil structure and terrain.

A known method and device for land reclamation and irrigation control device (RF patent No. 2355162, [1]), in which stationary wide beds are created in irrigated areas. Along the middle of the beds are narrow trenches, the upper part of which is located in the active soil layer. Monitoring of soil drying in the lower and upper horizons of the active soil layer is carried out according to the readings of soil moisture sensors installed in the upper and lower horizons of the active soil layer. Sensors of soil moisture are made in the form of a horizontally laid porous pipe in the middle of which hair is stretched. The hair is connected to a converter for changing the length of the hair into an electrical signal connected to the irrigation control unit. Irrigation irrigation is carried out with soil moisture in the upper horizon of the active layer less than its specified value. The invention provides improved quality of irrigation of sites by controlling soil moisture in the lower and upper horizons of the active soil layer.

The disadvantages of this irrigation control device include the fact that it is stationary and cannot be used in self-propelled soil sprinklers.

Also known is an automated self-propelled soil sprinkler (RF patent for utility model No. 147682, [2]). It consists of an agricultural tractor equipped with a narrow-profile trencher, a scraper conveyor, a feed hopper, a steeply inclined measuring conveyor and means of a system for automatically controlling the flow of water in the pressure pipe. When the unit moves, a narrow-profile trencher, immersed to the depth of the root system of the cultivated culture, raises the soil removed from the trench to the surface. The mounted scraper conveyor mounted on the unit continuously delivers soil samples to the feed hopper and then to the moving belt of the measuring conveyor. The disadvantages of this sprinkler include the fact that the control signal in the automatic control system is formed by the current value of the angle of repose of the soil sample taken over the entire thickness of the soil layer from the surface to the lower level of the plant root system. The error of information content of such a signal will be especially significant when watering loamy soils with low moisture conductivity.

By the number of common features, the achieved result and the possibilities of modernization, an automated self-propelled soil sprinkler [2] is the closest technical solution and is selected as a prototype.

The technical task is to modernize the automated irrigation unit for watering the soil in order to increase watering efficiency by regulating the flow of water depending on soil moisture in the root zone of plants.

The composition of the proposed automated self-propelled sprinkler includes: an agricultural tractor with trailed, mounted and power take-offs, a sprinkler, and automation system tools. In contrast to the prototype in the proposed utility model, a skimmer is fixed as a mounted device on the tractor in front of the trencher with a working width equal to the width of the trench, which is deepened to the upper level of the root system of plants. The skimmer stand is mounted on a bracket with the possibility of manually changing the height of its position depending on the depth of the root system of plants. When processing heavy soils, a knife, for example, a disk knife, can be installed on the bracket from the side opposite to the skimmer dump.

When the sprinkler moves, the skimmer with the blade lifts the topsoil, moving it to one of the edges of the trench. The trencher located behind the skimmer deepens the previously dug trench to the height of the root zone of plants and raises the soil to the surface, laying it on both sides of the trench. A soil sample from the edge of the trench opposite the dump is continuously taken by a scraper conveyor, fed to a feed hopper and then to a steeply inclined belt conveyor, which is the primary converter of the automatic control system. The composition of the devices and the principles of the control and regulation of soil moisture in the stream fully comply with the prototype.

The installation of a skimmer on the proposed automatic sprinkler of the soil significantly improves the quality and technical and economic efficiency of irrigation. Instead of the moisture content of the entire surface layer, which takes place in the prototype, in the proposed utility model, the signal to the water flow control system for irrigation will correspond to the average soil moisture in the root zone of the plants.

Based on the foregoing, it can be argued that the totality of the signs of the restrictive and distinctive parts of the proposed utility model is necessary and sufficient to solve the task, has never been fully used before to solve the set or other equivalent tasks, and the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of significant novelty and usefulness.

The structural diagram of the proposed self-propelled soil sprinkler and skimmer with a dump are shown in FIG. 12.

FIG. 1 - automated self-propelled soil sprinkler;

FIG. 2 - skimmer with a blade.

Example 1 specific implementation

The proposed automatic self-propelled soil spreader is mounted on an agricultural tractor 1 (Fig. 1) and consists of a long-distance sprinkler 3 with a regulating body for water supply 4. The sampling system includes: skimmer 8, trencher 2, scraper conveyor 5 with a feed hopper 6 and a measuring inclined conveyor 7. The system for automatically controlling the water supply contains: an inclination angle sensor of the measuring conveyor 1-1, a regulating device 1-2 and an actuator 1-3.

An attachment with a skimmer is shown in FIG. 2. It is mounted on a tractor in front of the trencher and consists of a bracket 9, a stand of the skimmer 10, a blade 11 and a ploughshare 12. The detachable fastening of the stand of the skimmer on the bracket provides the ability to change the height of its position.

When the automatic sprinkler moves, the skimmer 8 with a blade, set to the upper level of the root system of plants raises the underlying soil layer and moves it to one of the edges of the trench. The trencher 2 located behind the skimmer deepens the previously dug trench to the height of the root zone of the plants and raises the soil to the surface. A soil sample from the edge of the trench opposite the dump is continuously taken by the scraper conveyor 5, and through the feed hopper 6 is fed to a steeply inclined belt conveyor 7.

The primary converter in the system of automatic control of water supply for irrigation is the angle sensor of the conveyor belt 1-3, which gives an electrical signal proportional to the angle of repose of the soil and correlates quite well with its moisture content. The signal from the tilt angle sensor enters the control device 1-2, where it is compared with a predetermined value. As a result of the comparison, a control signal is generated at the output for the actuator 1-3, which is kinematically coupled to the regulating body for water supply 4.

Example 2 specific implementation

In the device according to example 2, in order to strengthen the side wall of the trench by forming a flat surface from the side opposite the blade and reduce the traction resistance of the skimmer in front of the skimmer on the bracket 9 (Fig. 2), a knife 13, for example, a disk, is installed using the rack 14. Installation of a knife is recommended when watering hard and (or) sod soils.

Compared to sprinklers irrigation according to the norms, the additional costs of automatic control system devices will pay off in a short time by increasing yields and optimizing water consumption for irrigation. Installation of additional devices in the sampling system: skimmer and knife will increase the cost of an automated sprinkler slightly, and increasing the information content of the primary converter signal will significantly increase the technical and economic performance of the installation.

Optimization of water flow for irrigation is especially relevant in arid areas, which in the Russian Federation include the southern chernozem areas of the European part and Crimea.

Information sources

1. Reclamation method and irrigation control device. RF patent No. 2355162

2. Automated self-propelled soil sprinkler. RF patent for utility model No. 147682

Claims (2)

1. An automated self-propelled soil sprinkler, consisting of a trailed long-range sprinkler and an agricultural tractor equipped with a system for automatically controlling water flow depending on soil moisture, including a sampler in the form of a mounted trencher with a lifting conveyor, an automatic device for continuous measurement of soil moisture as a function of the angle of repose , actuator and regulatory body, characterized in that on the tractor in front of the trencher m further hung Coulter, which is immersed into the soil up to the upper level of the root system of the plants. 2. An automated self-propelled soil sprinkler according to claim 1, characterized in that a knife, for example a disk one, is mounted on the tractor in front of the skimmer.

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