RU156259U1 - LIFT WITH FOUR BLOCK LEVELING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A hoist with a four-block leveling device, comprising a load-bearing unit, including a loading platform, four double-strand blocks of the leveling device connected to it and leveling ropes drawn crosswise through these blocks, characterized in that the blocks are located on two opposite sides of the load-bearing unit, and the distance in plan from the blocks to the corners of the loading platform is (0.06-0.24) L, where L is the length of the edges of the platform closest to the ropes of the leveling device. 2. The hoist according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a guiding device for the load-bearing assembly.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to lifting devices, more specifically, to freight elevators, with a freely suspended load-bearing unit, for example, installed inside buildings far from their walls.

One of the problems that have to be solved in the development of freight elevators, in particular, lifts with a large area of the cargo platform of the load-bearing unit, is the problem of maintaining a horizontal position and preventing or quickly damping the vibrations of the cargo platform with an uneven load distribution over its area, or with jolts that occur when loading, for example, when driving a car onto a platform.

The usual way to solve this problem is to use guides that are rigid enough to prevent skewing of the load-bearing assembly. So, for example, a lift is known that contains a load-bearing unit in the form of a cabin and a counterweight installed in the rails, as well as a system of traction ropes located in a shaft with reinforced concrete or brick walls [RU 76324 per class. B66B 9/00 s prior, 03/05/2008]. The stiffness of the guides necessary to ensure distortion resistance is ensured by their massiveness, which makes the lift more expensive and heavier. They try to facilitate the guides by fastening them to the walls of the shaft. The scope of possible applications of such a lift is limited to cases where there is a special shaft with rigid and strong walls, which usually does not happen if the lift is placed in an already constructed building. The forces acting on the rails when leveling a heavily loaded platform can be excessive, even for solid walls, if they are used to secure the rails.

Also known is a lift for moving inside a vertically mounted object, where it is not possible to use its inner surface as a support. It contains a winch and a horizontally located loading platform suspended on traction ropes and fixed from lateral displacement by vertical straight guiding ropes passing through the platform along its periphery and fixed to the upper and lower ends. The number of guide ropes is equal to the number of traction ropes. The winch is installed on site and contains a separate drum for each of the ropes. The drums are interconnected by gears [RU 2026252 according to class. B66B 9/00 s prior, dated July 21, 2002]. A disadvantage of the known lift is its unsuitability for bulky goods with an indefinite center of gravity position, since the vertical guide ropes, due to their elasticity, do not exclude the possibility of skewing of the cargo platform in the event of a significant asymmetric load.

Also known is an elevator with an eight-block leveling device, comprising a load-bearing unit suspended on at least one traction rope, including a rectangular loading platform, a power cage, a side fence and a ceiling, four pairs of leveling device blocks located in a horizontal plane above the cargo corners platforms. The blocks of each pair are mounted on a common horizontal axis with the possibility of independent rotation, through the pairs of blocks installed above the diagonally opposite corners of the loading platform, fixed equalization ropes are drawn crosswise, each of which is fixed at one end at the upper level of the lift, and the other on the bottom, and on the blocks of each pair, one rope is directed up and the other down. Pairs of blocks are installed at the ends of the X-shaped force structural element located in the upper part of the load-bearing unit, made in the form of two intersecting horizontal beams that coincide in length and direction with the diagonals of the cargo platform. [US 7296661 by class B66B 11/08 with prior, dated 24.06.2005]. The unfastening of the platform between the four crossed fixed leveling ropes prevents its skew. To prevent the swinging of the load-bearing node, the lift also contains at least one guide that interacts with the shoe mounted on the load-bearing node.

Due to the elasticity of the leveling ropes and the ease of their passage through independently rotating blocks in the elevator, continuous vibrations of the loading platform arise, the amplitude of which increases with the length of the leveling ropes. Therefore, the well-known lift works satisfactorily only at relatively low - up to 10 ... 12 meters lifting heights.

The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a hoist with a leveling device (leveling cable system), containing a load-bearing unit suspended on at least one traction rope, including a cargo platform rectangular in plan, and a leveling device, including angles mounted of the cargo platform, four double-strand blocks connected to it and leveling ropes drawn through them crosswise along the diagonals of the cargo platform, so that each the first of the ropes is fixed at one end at the upper level of the lift, and the other at the lower, moreover, along one of the streams of each block there is a leveling cable directed upward, and on the other there is a leveling cable directed downward [RF patent for utility model No. 87154 by class B66B 9/00 with priority of 05/08/2009].

A disadvantage of the known lift is the massiveness of its load-bearing unit, due to the need to ensure high rigidity. The loading platform and the load-carrying unit as a whole must withstand dynamic loads, bending and torque forces arising from their vibrations. The installation of the leveling device blocks in the corners of the loading platform, increasing the lever to which dynamic loads are applied, requires the highest possible rigidity, significantly higher than that which is necessary in order to withstand the static load of the load being lifted. Excessive weight of the load-bearing unit increases the cost of the lift and increases its energy consumption.

The technical result of this utility model is to reduce the mass of the load-bearing node of the elevator with equalization device.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known hoist with a four-block leveling device containing a load platform suspended on at least one traction rope, four double-strand blocks of the leveling device connected to it and leveling ropes made crosswise through these blocks, blocks located two below or above two opposite edges of the cargo platform, at a distance of (0.06-0.24) L from the corners of the platform, where L is the length of the edges of the platform, above or below which the blocks are located.

In addition, at least one traction rope is held along at least two additional blocks mounted under or above opposite edges of the cargo platform.

In addition, the hoist comprises at least one fixed guide rail interacting with at least one shoe mounted on the load-bearing assembly.

Due to the fact that the equalization device blocks are located under or above two opposite edges of the cargo platform, at the above distance from the corners of the cargo platform, the mass of the load-bearing unit is reduced and, as a result, the energy consumption of the elevator and its cost. This stems from a reduction in the rigidity requirements of the power cage and the loading platform, especially in the corners, which is made possible by reducing the torsional and bending forces acting on the platform from the leveling ropes as a result of reducing the distance between the pairs of blocks of the leveling device due to the distance from the cargo corners platforms. As studies have shown, the efforts of the weight of the load lifted, acting on the corner parts of the cargo platform, not only do not exceed, but, as a rule, much less effort from the leveling ropes transmitted through the blocks to the corner parts. Therefore, both the platform as a whole, and, in particular, its angular parts, can be made lightweight. In practice, relief is achieved by reducing the size of the rolling profiles (corner and channel), which are the main structural material of the load-bearing unit, by one number, which reduces their weight by 26% for corners and by 21% for channels. This reduces the energy consumption of the lift and reduces the cost of its manufacture by 11 ... 14%.

When placing pairs of blocks closer than 0.06L to the corners of the cargo platform, the effect of the application of the proposed technical solution becomes practically insignificant. When placing pairs of blocks farther than 0.24L from the corners of the loading platform, the equalizing action of the cables decreases, and the amplitude of the platform’s oscillations begins to exceed the permissible limits.

Due to the fact that at least one traction rope is drawn along at least two additional blocks mounted under or above opposite sides of the cargo platform, an additional reduction in mass is achieved, since the traction force is distributed over two edges of the load-bearing unit and the cargo platform, which reduces the requirements for their rigidity. In addition, two branches of the traction rope, acting on opposite edges of the loading platform, have an additional equalizing effect on it in the direction perpendicular to the direction of action of the leveling ropes, which further reduces the requirements for its rigidity, thereby reducing weight.

Due to the fact that the hoist contains at least one fixed guide that interacts with a shoe mounted on the load-bearing unit, the swing of the load-bearing unit at high lifting heights is reduced and in the case of shocks of the loading platform during loading, the accuracy of positioning the position of the load-bearing unit at the end and intermediate stops, which ensures a clear response of the limit switches of the lift automation.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which show examples of specific performance of the proposed lift.

In FIG. 1 shows a side view of a variant of a hoist with a rectangular cargo platform, with a chain hoist on two traction ropes carried out by four additional blocks, the leveling device blocks of which and additional traction rope blocks are installed under the long edges of the cargo platform.

In FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the freight platform of the elevator of FIG. one.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the wiring diagram of one of the equalization ropes along the blocks installed on opposite edges of the cargo platform.

In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the wiring of leveling ropes along streams of blocks of the leveling system. Conventionally, brooks of blocks are shown vertically displaced.

In FIG. 5 is a side view of a variant of a hoist with a rectangular cargo platform, with direct suspension on one traction rope and leveling device blocks mounted under the short edges of the cargo platform.

In FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the loading platform of the elevator of FIG. 5.

In FIG. 7 is a side view of a variant of a hoist with a rectangular cargo platform, with a hook hoist suspension on one traction rope, with leveling units installed above the long edges of the cargo platform below the top of the power frame

In FIG. 8 is a side view of a variant of a hoist with a rectangular cargo platform, with a chain hoist on one traction rope, drawn along two additional blocks, with leveling units installed above the short edges of the cargo platform above the power frame.

The proposed lift contains a horizontally located load-bearing unit 1, including a cargo platform 2 and a rigid spatial power frame 3. As examples of a specific implementation, the drawings show options where the load-bearing unit / can be suspended on a straight line (Fig. 5) or tackle (Fig. 1 7 and 8) suspension, on one (Fig. 5, 7 and 8) or several (Fig. 1) traction ropes 4, the running ends of which are connected to the drum 5 of the winch 6. Dead (root) ends of the traction ropes 4a and 4b ( in the drawings Fig. 1 and 8 are not shown) are fixed above the top th position of the load-carrying unit 1.

The floor of the loading platform 2 can be sheet flooring 7. The platform has a side fence 8 with a loading door 9. The functions of the side fence 8 can be performed by elements of a rigid spatial power frame 3.

The uniformity of the distribution of the pulling force across the power frame 3 of the load-bearing assembly 1 is improved by using more than one pulling rope 4, as shown in the specific embodiment of FIG. 1 and 2. Here, two traction ropes 4a and 4b are spaced about 0.15-0.6 times the length L of the loading platform 2 and each of them has its own pair of additional deflecting blocks 10 and 11. The axes of the blocks 10 and 11 are horizontal and parallel to the edges platforms 2. There can be more than two deflecting blocks for each traction rope, if required by the wiring diagram. It is only important that at least two of them are installed above the opposite edges of the loading platform. In the present description, the sign “edge of the loading platform” means the same as “side of the loading platform” or “edge of the loading platform”.

The attachment points of blocks 10 and 11 in plan are located at the corners of a rectangle symmetrical with respect to platform 2 and having a size of one of the sides smaller than the size of platform 2, measured in the same direction. For a rectangular platform, the intersection point of the diagonals of the specified rectangle is the same as the center of gravity of the empty platform. The use of two traction ropes 4a and 4b in combination with a chain hoist allows to spread the points of application of the lifting force into four blocks, which significantly reduces the tendency of the platform 2 to skew under uneven loading. That is, traction ropes partially perform the functions of egalitarian ones. In addition, the application of traction to four points of the cargo platform 2 through the elements of the power frame 3 contributes to its more even distribution on the platform. In turn, this allows you to reduce the weight of the platform by reducing the requirements for its rigidity.

If the elevator is designed for loads with an approximately constant position of the center of gravity, for example, cars, then the probability of skewing of the load-bearing unit 1 is reduced. In this case, the lift can be made simpler than in the example of FIG. 1, using one traction rope 4, which is either fixed to the upper part of the power frame 3 by a hook suspension (straight or tackle, as in Figs. 5 and 7), or is carried out along two deflecting blocks 10 and 11 (blocks 11 in the drawings of Fig. 1 and 8 are not shown) above (Fig. 8) or below (Fig. 7) the upper part of the power frame 3.

Cargo platform 2 has a quadrangular, in particular, rectangular shape in plan. The long edges of the platform are indicated by 12, and the short by 13.

The leveling device of the elevator includes four leveling ropes mounted on the horizontal axes 14 of the block 15-18, four leveling ropes 19-22, eight anchors (fixtures) 23 and 24 of the ends of the leveling ropes, as well as four tensioning devices 25 and tension indicators 26, which serve to align tensioning leveling ropes.

In the specific examples shown in FIG. 1-6, leveling blocks 15-18 are installed on the lower side of the cargo platform 2, that is, under the platform, under its two opposite edges (in Fig. 1 and 2 - along the long edges 12, in Fig. 5 and 6 - along the short edges 13) at some distance from its corners (Fig. 2) and connected to the cargo platform directly. Each block has two streams for leveling ropes. Two blocks 15 and 16 are located under one (in this example, long) edge 12 of the loading platform 2, and two blocks 17 and 18) are located under the opposite edge. All four blocks 15-18 are connected to the loading platform 2 directly or through the power frame. To achieve the claimed technical result, it does not matter whether the blocks 15-18 are connected to the platform 2 directly or through intermediate elements, in particular the power frame 3 of the load-bearing assembly 1.

The distance in plan from the blocks installed along the edges of the loading platform 2 to the corners of the platform 2 nearest to them is (0.06-0.24) L, where L is the length of the edge above or below which the blocks are installed.

In the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the same four blocks are likewise mounted above the long edges of the cargo platform 2 under the upper part of its power frame 3 and connected to the cargo platform 2 through the power frame.

In the specific embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the same four blocks are likewise mounted above the short edges of the cargo platform 2 above the upper part of its power frame 3 and connected to the cargo platform 2 through the power frame.

The advantage of the variations of FIG. 7 and 8 is the lack of need for a pit under the lift. Due to the lack of blocks under the loading platform 2, its height above the floor of the building is small, and goods can be brought into it along the ramp of the minimum height. This is especially valuable when placing the lift in already constructed buildings, when there is no way to arrange a pit. The increased requirement for stiffness and strength of the spatial power frame 3, the weighting structure, is offset by a decrease in the requirement for strength and stiffness of the loading platform 2.

According to FIG. 2, from block 15 to block 18, under the platform 2, equalization ropes 19 and 21 are drawn in their own streams. Crosswise to them from block 16 to block 17 under the platform 2, leveling ropes 20 and 22 are drawn. Each of the leveling ropes 19-22 is fixed at one of the four anchors (fasteners) 23 located at the upper level and the other - on one of the four anchors 24 located at the lower level. The upper level is higher, and the lower level is lower than the levels of raising and lowering the platform 2, respectively.

Equalization ropes emerging from each block are directed in opposite directions: one rope up and the other down (Fig. 3). For example (Fig. 4, where the streams of one block are conventionally shown vertically spaced), from block 15, the leveling wire 21 passing through the block 15 is directed downward, and the leveling wire 19 passing through the second stream of the block 15 is directed upward. From the block 18, along which the same ropes are drawn, the leveling wire 21 is directed upward, and the leveling wire 19 passing through the second stream of the block 18 is directed downward.

Similarly, from block 16, the equalization rope 22 is directed downward, and the equalization rope 20 passing through the second stream of the block 16 is directed upward. From the block 17, along which the same ropes are drawn, the leveling cable 22 is directed upwards, and the leveling cable 20 passing through the second stream of the block 17 is directed downward.

Equalization ropes (19-22) were also wired when pairs of blocks 15-18 were placed on the short edges of platform 2, under it (Figs. 5 and 6) or above platform 2 (Figs. 7 and 8). For clarity, the ropes 20 and 21 in the drawings are shown in zigzag lines, and the ropes 19 and 22 are solid.

The proposed device remains operational if the sections of ropes from the blocks to the fasteners make up a vertical angle lying within 0 ... 20 degrees.

When the load-bearing unit 1 moves, the ropes 19-22 pass through the blocks 15-18, preventing its distortions, but also not obstructing the movement in the vertical direction. Moreover, each pair of leveling ropes passes through each of the blocks in one direction without, therefore, preventing its rotation. Due to the fact that the ropes forming a pair (for example, ropes 19 and 21) pass along the streams of the same blocks, the vibrations of each of the branches of the ropes through the common block are transmitted to adjacent branches. But since the natural frequencies of each of the branches are always different due to differences in length and tension, platform vibrations that occur, for example, when a car that has stopped by a platform and stops suddenly, damp out quickly.

Loading the cargo platform 2 is carried out depending on the location of the leveling ropes and their corresponding blocks. If the leveling ropes pass along the long side of the cargo platform, then it is loaded from the short side (Fig. 1 and 7), and if it is short, then from the long side (Fig. 5 and 8).

If the lift is designed for loads with an approximately constant center of gravity, such as passenger cars, the likelihood of skewing is reduced. In this case, the lift can be made simpler than in the example of FIG. 1, using one traction rope 4, which is either fixed to the upper part of the power frame 3 (Fig. 5), or connected to it with a hook suspension (direct or tackle, as in Fig. 7), or is carried out by two deflecting blocks 10 and 11 under the upper part of the power frame 3 of the loading platform 2, as in FIG. 8.

Thanks to the rope-block leveling device, the proposed elevator may not have guides, which allows it to be placed far from the walls of buildings. In cases where the elevator borders at least on one side with the wall of the building, it is advisable to supplement it with at least one guide, since this reduces the lateral swing, especially noticeable at high elevation heights and increases the accuracy of operation of the limit switches of automation. In FIG. 1 and 2 as an example, an embodiment of the elevator with one rail 27 adjacent to the short side 13 of the cargo platform 2 is shown. The rail is attached to the wall of the building and interacts with the cargo platform through the shoe 28, which can be like a slip shoe (Fig. 2), and roller. It is preferable to use a pair of shoes spaced along one vertical line and mounted on the power frame 3. To reduce the swing of the load-bearing unit 1 during loading, it is desirable that the guide 27 be on the side of the loading platform that is opposite to the loading opening (door), as shown in FIG. 1. If the lift is located in the corner of the building and adjoins two walls, then it can have two rails fastened with different walls, respectively, two or two pairs of shoes 28. Since the rails only prevent the loading platform from swinging, they can be lightweight because efforts to stabilize it is equalization device.

The described lifts have already been manufactured and tested in commercial operation at lifting heights of up to 40 meters. The application of the proposed utility model made it possible to facilitate the load-bearing unit by 17 ... 20%, which was made possible by moving the installation sites of the leveling blocks from the corners closer to the middle of the edges of the loading platform or power cage. This reduced the length of the shoulder, to which dynamic loads and torsional forces were applied, thereby reduced the requirements for their rigidity and made it possible to use lightweight rolling profiles in the manufacture of the frame. An increase in the possible lift height compared to the prototype became possible due to the introduction of communication between leveling ropes due to their wiring along adjacent streams of one block.

The test results showed their high reliability and resistance to distortions, regardless of the alignment of the load placed on them.

Claims (2)

1. A hoist with a four-unit leveling device, comprising a load-bearing unit, including a loading platform, four double-strand equalizing device units and leveling ropes connected to it, carried out crosswise through these blocks, characterized in that the blocks are located on two opposite sides of the load-carrying unit, and the distance in plan from the blocks to the corners of the loading platform is (0.06-0.24) L, where L is the length of the edges of the platform closest to the ropes of the leveling device. 2. The hoist according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a guide device for the load-bearing assembly.

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