RU153685U1 - SEEDING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The device for sowing, consisting of a housing in which a disk with holes is tightly mounted for rotation, rigidly connected to the drive shaft, the housing is configured to connect an air duct and a restriction plate is attached to it, which is located in close proximity to the inner side a disk with holes, in addition, a hopper is attached to the housing in the immediate vicinity of the outer side of the disk with holes, which is arranged to move relative to the disk with a hole tiyami.2. The sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that double hoppers are installed in the hopper. The seeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two bins.

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for piece and portion sowing.

A tool for introducing bulk materials into the soil is known, including a frame with running wheels on which a metering device in the form of a drum is freely mounted on an axis. Holes are made in the rim of the drum with pivotally mounted spring-loaded buckets-dumpers having stops. A disk with a bracket and a roller is installed on the drum axis, interacting with the stops of the dumping buckets [SU 1014496 A1, 5 А01С 7/14, А01С 15/16, 04/30/1983]. The device does not provide for regulation of the seeding rate of the introduced material, in addition, it is difficult to manufacture and the initial flight speed of the seeds is much lower than the speed of the implement.

A sowing unit is known for a sowing unit, comprising a hopper and a vertical sowing disk mounted beneath it, with cells around the circumference, at the ends of which are installed an elastic cut-off and a supporting plate made in the form of disks with holes, the supporting plate being fixed to the disk shaft rigidly from the side opposite to the bunker [SU 1183012 A1, 4 A01C 7/04, 10/07/1985].

However, this sowing apparatus has insufficient accuracy of sowing due to missed seeds in the corresponding cells as a result of caking and clogging of the space under the cells. In addition, due to the constant friction of the rotating disk with seeds, the latter are injured.

A sowing unit is known for a sowing unit, comprising a hopper and a vertical sowing disk mounted beneath it, with cells around the circumference, at the ends of which are installed an elastic cut-off and a supporting plate made in the form of disks with holes, the supporting plate being fixed to the disk shaft rigidly from the side opposite to the bunker . The sowing device is equipped with an air supply leading into the exhaust gases from the tractor, connected to the cutter openings communicating through disc cells with openings on the supporting plate, which are connected to the coulter vas deferens, while the disc cells are made at an angle to its rim, the hopper is divided by a partition into two sections, which are equipped with tedders sitting on one shaft driven by the metering disk shaft, but having a rotational speed greater than the rotational speed of the disk shaft, and additional cells are made on the latter for mineral fertilizers. In this case, the cells for seeds of the sowing disk are located under the section of the hopper with seeds, and the cells of the cutter are located under the section of the hopper with fertilizers, the cutter and the supporting plate are equipped with springs and clamps [RU 2081543 C1, 6 A01C 7/04, 06/20/1997]. However, this sowing apparatus does not allow to produce piece seeding of seeds with peripheral speeds equal to the speeds of the unit.

In case of piece sowing, there is a significant difference in the speed of the unit and the initial flight speed of the seed. Since the initial speed of the sowing material is directed in the opposite direction of the movement of the aggregate and it is smaller in absolute value, rolling of the sown material in the wake of the aggregate is observed on the bed prepared by the coulter, which in turn leads to uneven sowing along the length of the row and, as a consequence, to reduce yield . In addition, the quality of the introduced seed material, including the mechanical damage to the seeds received during sowing, affects the yield.

In order to increase productivity, the task is to increase the accuracy of seed distribution by increasing the initial peripheral speed of its flight.

To accomplish this task, a device for sowing has been developed (Fig. 1), consisting of a housing 1, in which a disk with holes 2 is hermetically mounted for rotation, and the disk with holes 2 is rigidly connected to the drive shaft 3. In addition, the housing 1 is made with the possibility of connecting an air duct 4. A restriction plate 5 is attached to the housing 1, which is located in close proximity to the inner side of the disk with holes 2. In addition, a hopper 6 with seeds is attached to the housing 1 in the immediate vicinity of the external st Rhone disk with holes 2.

In the design of the hopper 6, a protrusion is provided, and the hopper 6 is movable relative to the disk with holes 2. Moving the hopper 6 is necessary when servicing the device, for example, when removing or installing a disk with holes 2. In addition, the double hoppers 7 are installed in the hopper, made for example in the form of brushes mounted on rails.

A disk with holes 2 (FIG. 2) is intended for nesting inoculation, in which two or more adjacent openings of the forming nests are made, moreover, adjacent openings are made at equal intervals to ensure the distance between the nests during sowing.

The device operates as follows.

When connecting the duct 4 to the vacuum source in the duct 4 create a vacuum. This creates a vacuum in the cavity, limited by the housing 1, the inner part of the disk with holes 2. In this case, the outer part of the disk with holes 2 is connected with the atmosphere.

Due to rarefaction inside the disk with holes 2, the seed located in the hopper 6 is attracted to the through holes made in the disk with holes 2.

The design of the device provides a restriction plate 5, and, between the restrictive plate 5 and the inner part of the disk with holes 3 there is no rarefaction, due to the proximity of the restriction plate 5 to the inner surface of the disk with holes 2, and as a result, the seed is discarded.

The hole size of the disk with holes 2 is smaller than the smallest seed size. When the disk with holes 2 is rotated, the seed (seeds, fertilizer particles, etc.) is held due to rarefaction on the outer surface of the disk with holes 2, along the entire route from the hopper 6 to the place of unloading. The place of unloading is determined by the leading edge of the restriction plate 5. In case of accidental jamming, jammed seed is removed by a protrusion made on the lower part of the hopper 6.

To prevent accidental jamming of holes in the disk with holes 2, the thickness of the disk with holes is minimized.

To prevent the occurrence of doubles during piecewise sowing of seeds in the hopper, it is possible to install two or more double ejectors 7, made for example in the form of brushes mounted on rails, with the possibility of adjustment (for example, moving in the axial and / or radial direction with subsequent fixing). When sucking to one hole in the disk with holes 2 of several seeds, the double runs onto the double doubles 7 and is dumped back into the seed hopper.

With an increase in the number of holes, the quantity (volume) of a portion of seed (seeds, fertilizers, etc.) is increased.

To ensure multi-depth sowing or simultaneous sowing with fertilizer, a coulter is made having a Z-shape.

If it is necessary to jointly sow and fertilize, two bins are provided: one for fertilizers and one for seeds; moreover, one wide disk with holes 2 is used, made with two rows of holes, in which one row of holes is immersed in the hopper with seeds, and the other row , in which the holes are made in the form of nests are immersed in a fertilizer hopper (figure 3).

The proposed device provides improved accuracy in the distribution of seeds and / or portions of fertilizers along the row, which will increase the yield.

Information sources

1.SU 1014496 A1, 5 A01C 7/14, 3 A01C 15/16, 04/30/1983. A tool for applying bulk materials to the soil.

2. SU 1183012 A1, 4 A01C 7/04, 10/07/1985. Pneumatic metering unit.

3. RU 2081543 C1, 6 A01C 7/04, 06/20/1997. The sowing unit of the sowing unit.

Claims (3)

1. The device for sowing, consisting of a housing in which a disk with holes is tightly mounted for rotation, rigidly connected to the drive shaft, the housing is configured to connect an air duct and a restriction plate is attached to it, which is located in close proximity to the inner side a disk with holes, in addition, a hopper is attached to the housing in the immediate vicinity of the outer side of the disk with holes, which is arranged to move relative to the disk with a hole Voith. 2. The device for sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that double hoppers are installed in the hopper. 3. The device for sowing according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two hoppers.

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