RU152098U1 - OPTICAL DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATED PANORAMIC SIGHT - Google Patents

Abstract

The optical scheme of an automated panoramic sight, representing a periscopic telescopic system with a prism-lens wrapping system, characterized in that it is supplemented by a tracking optical-electronic system, which determines the deviation of the optical axis of the telescopic sight system from the axis of sight based on the frequency modulation of the radiant flux and the alignment system of optical parallelism axes of telescopic and servo systems.

Description

Optical design of an automated panoramic sight

The utility model relates to optical instrumentation, and more specifically to the field of automation of military optical aiming devices, which provide a panoramic view of the terrain and indirect aiming of artillery guns in the horizontal plane. Specifically, a useful model relates to the field of optical design of an automated panoramic sight.

The known optical scheme of a panoramic sight, which is a periscopic telescopic system with a prism AR-0 °, which is designed to eliminate the tilt of the image during rotation of the head prism [1]. The panoramic sight with the given optical scheme belongs to the class of optical - mechanical devices and is designed to provide guidance in the horizontal plane of towed artillery guns.

A well-known automated sighting system of self-propelled artillery (SAO), which includes a panoramic sight mounted in a rotary armored hood on the roof of the tower, direct aiming sight with a window on the frontal sheet of the tower and an electric drive [1,2]. The panoramic sight is a periscopic telescope and structurally includes a panorama head, a goniometer mechanism, a bent tube, an eyepiece, and a remote local object or collimator can be used as the aiming point. The optical scheme of the panoramic sight, taken as a prototype, is a periscopic telescopic system with a prism - lens wrapping system, containing a series of protective glass, a prism AP-90 °, a lens, two lenses for matching the image scale and a protective glass two lenses of the wrapping system, a prism AR-0 ° and protective glass, prism AkR-90 °, a grid installed in the focal plane of the lens and protective glass, eyepiece [2,3].

The task of the gunner when firing is to control the aiming sign of the panoramic sight grid at the aiming point with the control device.

The disadvantages of the optical scheme of a panoramic sight include the fact that in the horizontal plane the guidance is made by the gunner by tracking the aiming point in the ocular field and combining the aiming mark with it, working as the control device of the sighting complex.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to convert the optical circuit of a mechanical panoramic sight into an optical circuit of an automated sight with a tracking optical-electronic system.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the optical circuit of an automated panoramic sight, which is a periscopic telescopic system with a prism - lens wraparound system, which contains successively installed protective glass, an AR-90 ° prism, a lens, two lenses for matching the image scale and protective glass, two lenses of the wrapping system, the prism AP-0 °, the prism AkR-90 ° and a protective glass, a grid installed in the focal plane of the lens and a protective glass, an eyepiece, is additionally introduced with -eating opto-electronic alignment system and a parallel optical axes.

The optical circuit of the automated panoramic sight is shown in FIG. 1. The optical scheme includes a panoramic panoramic optical system (elements 1-16), a servo optical-electronic system (elements 17-19) and a parallel alignment system for the optical axes of the sight and a servo optical-electronic system (elements 20, 22-26) .

The optical system of a panoramic sight is a sighting channel and includes:

- protective glass (1), designed to protect parts of the optical system from moisture and dirt;

- prism AP-90 ° (2), which serves to change the course of the rays by 90 °. The prism can rotate an angle of ± 10 ° in the vertical plane and 360 ° in the horizontal;

- the lens (3), forming in its focal plane a real, reduced and inverse image of the pick-up point;

- two lenses (4 and 5), designed to coordinate the image scale of the observed object with the scale of the grid collimator scale. Safety glass (6) for protection against moisture and dirt;

- two lenses of the wrapping system (7 and 10), designed to obtain real direct images of the observed objects;

- prism AP-0 ° (8), designed to eliminate the tilt of the image during rotation of the prism AP-90 ° in the horizontal plane. Safety glass (9) for protection against moisture and dirt;

- AkR-90 ° prism (11), for changing the direction of the rays by 90 ° and for wrapping the image of the observed object;

- a grid (13) with a rangefinder scale applied, a side correction scale, a crosshair, a collimator scale and an aiming mark;

- an eyepiece (14.15 and 16), which is used to view the image of the aiming point at a large angle of view.

The tracking optical-electronic system includes a wide-angle four-lens lens (17), a modeling disk (18) and a radiation receiver (19). The lens (17) forms an image of the pick-up point in the plane of the modulating disk (18). The modulating disk (18) is a plane-parallel glass plate with transparent and opaque radial sectors arranged with a constant pitch.

The optical alignment system of the parallelism of the optical axes of the sighting channel and the tracking optical-electronic system includes prisms AP-90 ° (20), AP-0 ° (22), a light filter (23), a prism AP-90 ° (24), LED ( 25), the lens (26).

The optical scheme of an automated panoramic sight works as follows. At the firing position, a protractor of the main direction is determined, the gunner includes a tracking optical-electronic system, sets the protractor on the reading device of the panoramic sight and uses the optical system of the sighting channel to observe the aiming point. To aim at the target in the horizontal plane, a turn is determined from the protractor of the main direction. The turn-off value from the protractor of the main direction is set on the reading device of the panoramic sight, while the optical axis of the sighting channel of the sight will not coincide with the line of sight "sight - aiming point", i.e. a mismatch angle is formed. The value of the mismatch angle is determined using a tracking optical-electronic system as follows:

- the lens (17) (Fig. 1) builds an image of the pickup point in the plane of the modeling disk (18);

- the modeling disk (18) performs a circular plane-parallel motion. The scanning speed of the modulating disk is kept constant;

- when the modulating disk (18) moves, the optical image of the pick-up point is blocked by transparent and opaque sectors, which leads to its modulation .. Determination of the angular deviations of the optical axis of the tracking system from the sight axis “sight-pick-up” is based on the use of frequency modulation of the optical radiation of the point tips. Frequency modulation of optical radiation occurs as a result of plane-parallel movement of the modulating disk around a circle, the center of which coincides with the axis of the tracking system. If the pickup emitter is on the optical axis of the tracking system, i.e. its image lies in the center of the circle described by the center of the modulating disk, then for equal periods of time the optical stream from the emitter is blocked by the same number of opaque sectors. In this case, a constant frequency signal will be generated in the tracking system.

The deviation of the emitter of the pick-up point from the axis of the tracking system leads to a displacement of the image of the radiation source relative to the center of the circle described by the center of the modulating disk.

Moreover, for equal intervals of time, the optical flux when the center of the disk approaches the spot of the emitter is blocked more times than when the center of the disk is removed from the spot. As a result, frequency modulation of optical radiation occurs. The depth of frequency modulation depends on the position of the spot of the emitter relative to the center of the disk. The frequency-modulated optical stream is perceived by the photodetector (19) (see Fig. 1) and is converted by it into the corresponding electrical voltage.

The permanent magnet of the reference voltage generator rotates synchronously with the modeling disk. In this case, electromotive force is induced in the stator windings of the generator. The voltages removed from the stator windings are used as reference when determining the deviation of the emitter of the pickup point from the axis of the tracking system.

The signal from the output of the photocurrent amplifier enters the hardware unit, where it is converted into a control signal of the electric drive, which ensures the alignment of the optical axis of the sighting channel of the panoramic sight with the aiming point, i.e., automatic guidance in the horizontal plane is performed.

The parallelism of the optical axes of the sighting channel and the tracking system is checked as follows. The radiation from the LED (25) (Fig. 1) is transmitted to the prism (24), which changes the beam path by 90 ° through the filter (23) installed in the focal plane of the lens (26). An opaque mark (28) is applied to the filter (Fig. 2), the image of the mark hits the lens (26) (Fig. 1). After the lens, the image of the brand through the prism (22) is rotated 180 ° and enters the prism (20) with a beam splitting coating. Next, the image is transmitted through the sighting channel. The image of the sighting mark of the reticle and the luminous mark (28) are viewed through the eyepiece in the same plane.

The luminous mark is a luminous crosshair (28) with a central lumen (29). The central clearance of the mark (29) is within the reticle of the grid (due to the alignment of the optical axes), and the crosshairs coincide with the zero strokes of the grid (27).

Information sources

1. PG-1. Technical description and instruction manual. [Text] /. - Plant. - 84 p.

2. Product PG-4 (index 10P44). Technical description and instruction manual. [Text] AL3. 812.027 TO. - Plant. - 59 p.

3. Product 1P8. Technical description and instruction manual. [Text] / AL3 .812.081 TO. - Plant. -104 p.

Claims (1)

The optical scheme of an automated panoramic sight, representing a periscopic telescopic system with a prism-lens wrapping system, characterized in that it is supplemented by a tracking optical-electronic system, which determines the deviation of the optical axis of the telescopic sight system from the axis of sight based on the frequency modulation of the radiant flux and the alignment system of optical parallelism axes of telescopic and servo systems.

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