RU151899U1 - UNIT FOR CLEANING AND PROCESSING FLAX IN A STAPPED FIBER - Google Patents

Abstract

A unit for harvesting and processing flax into a stapled fiber, including nodes for lifting a layer of stems in the form of a tape, their de-sharpening and stapling, characterized in that these nodes are located on a removable platform mounted on a trailed chassis, moving across the field using an autonomous traction means, with this device is made with the possibility of disconnecting the node lifting the tape of the stems, and the site of de-sharpening includes grooving rolls, bobbin drum and shaking device for the simultaneous removal of fires and pcs fiber appeals with fiber lengths exceeding 70 mm.

Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering and technology used in flax growing and flax industry.

A known method of producing a stapled linen fiber by spinning characteristics close to cotton, including cutting fiber [1].

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not fully comply with the requirements of technological processes for processing fiber from the field to the enterprises that receive finished flax-containing products.

A known unit for cleaning and processing flax into a stapled fiber, providing an implementation of the method for producing stapled flax fiber [2]. This unit for cleaning and processing flax into a staple fiber includes a mechanical system moving across the field and consisting of nodes for lifting a layer of stems in the form of a tape, de-sharpening and stapling them.

A disadvantage of the known unit is the use of a self-propelled machine and the formation of staple lengths of fibers 30-40 mm. The use of a self-propelled machine leads to an increase in costs, since the period of flax harvesting in the field is no more than one month. For the rest of the time, this self-propelled machine will be idle. At the same time, depreciation deductions from its presence on the farm, taking into account the significant cost of this machine, will negatively affect the cost of the resulting fiber.

The production of flax fibers with a staple length of 30 to 40 mm leads to the fact that during subsequent processing of such fibers, for example, using well-known textile technologies for preparing cotton and spinning, the indicated length of the stapled flax fibers will decrease. The reason for this is the structure of flax fiber, which is a technical complex consisting of individual elementary fibers glued together by means of pectin and other components of the stem. Therefore, such complexes, initially having a length of 30-40 mm, will be shortened during subsequent impacts during carding and thinning during tape formation. As a result, shorter than 30-40 mm fibers will enter the spinning chamber for yarn forming. In the mass of fibers there will also be fibrous fumes (fibers of the down group), the cause of which is cutting. The presence of short fibers (and fibers of the down group) will increase the breakage of the yarn and complicate the process of yarn formation. The yarn itself will be of reduced quality. To eliminate these shortcomings, the initial fiber length should be longer, taking into account their subsequent shortening by about 1.5–2 times [3, p. 103].

The objective of the claimed utility model is a more rational use of technical means in obtaining stapled flax fiber and increase its technological value.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the unit for cleaning and processing flax into a staple fiber, including a mechanical system moving across the field and consisting of nodes for lifting a layer of stems in the form of a tape, de-sharpening and stapling, according to a utility model, the mechanical system is located on a removable platform mounted on a trailed chassis that moves around the field using an autonomous traction means, the mechanical system of nodes has the ability to disconnect the node for lifting the stalk tape, and the node ostrivaniya includes myalnye rolls picker drum and a shaking device for simultaneously remove shives and cutting the fibers with the exception of cutting and achieve an average fiber length of 70 mm fibers, wherein after removal of the platform from the chassis mechanical system may be operated without lifting the stems tape assembly under stationary conditions.

The presence of a mechanical system located on a removable platform and mounted on a trailed chassis moving across the field using an autonomous traction means allows to reduce production costs. This reduction is explained by the following. With the proposed unit design, flax can be harvested and processed in two stages. At the first stage, this is carried out in the field, and at the second - in stationary. The first stage takes place in the field from the moment when flax straw turned into a shale trust on linen.

After harvesting the flax seeds from the field (this period has a duration of not more than one month), the platform with a mechanical system in the form of nodes for lifting the stalk layer and de-sharpening it moves to stationary conditions (to the room). A platform with a mechanical system is removed from the trailer. The freed trailer and traction device are sent to perform other operations not related to flax production.

From this moment begins the second processing. It proceeds in the subsequent period and in stationary conditions. During this period, trusts removed from the field in the form of rolls are processed [4]. Flax processing under stationary conditions after removal from the chassis of the platform with a mechanical system fixed to it, and also after disconnecting the lifting unit of the stalk tape will also be facilitated by the option of its functioning from an autonomous energy source. For example, an electric drive that provides, through an oil station, the operation of hydraulic drives of the working bodies of nodes.

Thus, with the proposed two-stage processing, it becomes possible to more rationally use the traction means and the trailer. This explains the reduction in overall production costs. Moreover, it is possible to increase the employment of the rural population in the autumn-winter period and to generate income from the sale of flax fiber produced in stationary conditions.

The absence in the composition of the mechanical system of working bodies for cutting stems and the possibility of the operation of the de-abrasive unit to simultaneously perform the functions of fiber stapling with an average length of more than 70 mm based on the use of mulin rolls and a bobbin drum and a shaking device, allows the following. Firstly, staple fiber is obtained with the required parameters of technological quality. This applies to the content of fires in it and obtaining the required average length, namely more than 70 mm. Such parameters provide a rational preparation of the fiber and its processing on spinning machines, for example, upon receipt of blended cotton yarn. Moreover, the exclusion of cutting will help to reduce the proportion of fibers of the "down group", which will increase the yield of the finished product. The reason for this decrease will be a significant decrease in the proportion of shortened end sections of technical and elementary flax fibers formed during the splitting of fibrous complexes.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows an aggregate cleaning and processing flax in the field.

In FIG. 2 unit processing flax in stationary conditions.

A unit for harvesting and processing flax into stapled fiber consists of a towing means (tractor) 1, trailed chassis 2, a removable platform 3, a mechanical system in the form of a lifting unit 4 of a tape 5 and a unit 6 for de-sharpening stems and stapling fiber 7 using muller rolls, scutching drum and shaking device.

When working in stationary conditions after removing the platform 3 from the chassis, the mechanical system with the disconnected belt lifting unit 4 is mounted on the supports 8. After connecting to a source of energy, for example, electricity, the de-sharpening and stapling unit 6 can process the flax trust stems from rolls 9 by means of them unwinding by unwinder 10. The resulting fiber 7 is pressed by a press 11 to be sent to textile enterprises.

The unit for cleaning and processing flax into staple fiber works as follows.

The first stage of work using the proposed unit for cleaning and processing flax into staple fiber is carried out in the field. The unit in the form of a traction means (tractor 1) and trailer 2, with a platform 3 mounted on it, on which a mechanical system is fixed in the form of a lifting unit 4 of the tape 5 and a unit 6 for de-sharpening stems and stapling the nodes moves across the field. In this case, the selection of tapes of the stems of the stanza trust 5 is carried out and their processing with the final production of partially de-tapered stapled linen fiber 7 with a weighted average staple length of more than 70 mm.

This length is obtained under the conditions of exclusion of cutting stems or fibers based on the use of a scutching drum, which is an integral part of unit 6. When processing stems trusts in the first and second stages of the method, the well-known effects of stalk promin, sliding alternating bending in the form of scuffing, as well as repeated shaking are used . This combination of mechanical influences ensures minimal shortening of fibers, which are subsequently suitable (at textile mills) for carding.

After processing, the resulting fiber is placed on the field surface. Immediately after laying, the fiber 7 is picked up from the field, for example, by a round baler, which forms roll 9 from it. Next, this roll is loaded onto a vehicle for transportation to a textile mill using a loading tool.

At the second stage of processing, which is implemented under stationary conditions (see Fig. 2), the platform 3 is removed from the chassis and mounted on supports 8 for stationary operation of the node 6 located on it. Harvested rolls of stems of the tubular trust 9 from seasonal storage delivered to the place of stationary processing. There, with the help of the unwinder of the roll 10, a layer of trust stems is formed, which is fed to the node 6 for processing. The obtained partially de-bonded stapled linen fiber with an average length of more than 70 mm is pressed into bales using press 11. After that, the bales are sent to textile mills.

Thus, the use of the proposed unit will help reduce costs in the production of stapled flax fiber and the formation of its technological properties, which provide subsequent processing at textile mills, for example, using cotton spinning technology.

List of sources used

1. Markov V.V., Suslov N.N., Trifonov V.G., Ipatov A.M. Primary treatment of bast fibers. - M.: Light Industry, 1974, p. 176-178.

2. RF patent No. 2390590. A method of obtaining a staple flax fiber. Authors: Kornilov B.C., Kornilov A.V. Publ. 05/27/2010.

3. Pashin E.L., Smirnova T.Yu., Razin S.N. Improving the technology of mechanical modification of flax. - M.: Russian Agricultural Academy - GNU VNIIILK. - 2004.140 s.

4. Soloviev A.Ya. Flax growing. Textbook. - M.: Agroproizdat, 1989.320 s.

Claims (1)

A unit for harvesting and processing flax into a stapled fiber, including nodes for lifting a layer of stems in the form of a tape, their de-sharpening and stapling, characterized in that these nodes are located on a removable platform mounted on a trailed chassis, moving across the field using an autonomous traction means, with this device is made with the possibility of disconnecting the node lifting the tape of the stems, and the site of de-sharpening includes grooving rolls, bobbin drum and shaking device for the simultaneous removal of fires and pcs fiber appeals with fiber lengths exceeding 70 mm.

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