RU151619U1 - PUNCH FOR OPENING OF METALLURGICAL UNITS SUMMER - Google Patents

Abstract

A perforator for opening a notch of a blast furnace, comprising a housing in which a device for securing a drilling tool is placed, a hammer-piston and a drive, characterized in that the device for fixing the drilling tool is made in the form of a spindle with a shank, which is mounted in angular contact bearings, in a sleeve is installed with the help of pins, inside of which there is a piston-hammer with an axial bore, a combined drive made with the possibility of actuating rshnya-impactor via the pneumatic actuator and the rotation of the shank - with a hydraulic drive, wherein in the axial bore of the piston-mounted firing pin shaft, which intermediate shaft is coupled with a hydraulic motor, the guide shaft is formed as a washer, and the working chamber is made airtight perforator.

Description

The utility model belongs to the metallurgy industry and can be used for drilling cast iron notches of blast furnaces.

There are many different designs of machines for opening pig-iron notches of blast furnaces that use different technologies for opening holes in the notch.

Hammers (for example, Kostin's hammer) used to open cast-iron notches are known, where the destructive tool is made in the form of pointed peaks, and the percussion mechanism has a pneumatic drive. The disadvantage of the hammer is the low frequency of blows and, as a result, the destruction of the case of a cast-iron notch. The rotation of the hammer to the tap hole is carried out manually.

Also known is the working tool drill-scrap, which is designed to open a cast iron notch with a pneumatic hammer of a shock type (Krasavtsev N.I., Ostroukhov M.Ya., Work of the master of a modern blast furnace - M. Metallurgizdat, 1949, pp. 213-219 )

A disadvantage of the known device is that the opening of a long cast iron notch of a modern blast furnace is carried out in two stages. First, it is necessary to drill the refractory mass of the groove channel to a solid frozen cast iron crust, which is formed at the opening of the groove in the inner part, and then destroy it with blows using a drill-scrap. In this case, the blow destroys not only the frozen crust, but also the refractory mass of the channel of the letka. Opening a cast-iron tap hole in two stages increases time and costs.

A number of devices are known aimed at overcoming the above drawbacks, the main focus of which was on improving directly the drilling tool, which reduced its wear and reduced the time for opening a notch of a blast furnace (UA No. 51166 A dated November 15, 2002, UA No. 25567 U dated 10.08 .2007). Known shell for drilling tap hole of a blast furnace contains a hollow body with a cutting element, an adapter between the body and the drill pipe and a centralizer expander (UA No. 86437 dated 27.04.2009). The cutting element is made in the form of a crown of carbide cutters mounted on the free end of the hollow body, which contains a center punch located between the cutting element and the centralizer expander, and an additional center punch located in the centralizer expander equipped with cutters from the side of the cutting element.

A number of special technologies are known for the disclosure of pig-iron doors of blast furnaces. A known method for opening a tap hole of a blast furnace is based on the use of a tap hole inserted into the hole, before the final hardening of the tap hole, of a metal rod (UA No. 36328 U, dated October 27, 2008). The method includes forming a flow channel for the release of cast iron by removing a metal rod from the flow mass. In this case, a metal rod is pre-drilled in the direction of the molten iron with a core tool until it contacts the cast iron crust, after which drilling is stopped and the metal core is removed by pulling the core tool.

A known technology is the opening of a cast iron notch, which is based on burning oxygen through a frozen crust, in particular SU 1033547 from 08/07/83. The known machine contains a column with a rotary console, which carries a carriage with a working tool and drives its horizontal and vertical movement and a rotation drive with a gearbox. In order to facilitate working conditions due to the mechanization of the process and the safety of work during burning of the notch crust, the output shaft of the rotation drive gearbox is hollow and equipped with two pairs of rollers.

Known machines for opening tap holes of blast furnaces that use firing perforators. The disadvantage of such rotary hammers is that for their reloading it is necessary to completely remove the case, and after reloading, install it again. The reloading process of known perforators is time consuming and lengthy. These shortcomings have been partially eliminated in the well-known firing punch for opening the openings of open-hearth, reflective and other melting furnaces (SU 466278 of 04/05/75). The hammer includes a housing, a barrel with a lock with a trigger mechanism, a sleeve and a projectile. To reduce the recharge time in the castle part, a sector removable wedge is installed with a glass mounted in it, fixed in the lock case.

However, with the use of new high-strength tap-resin weights on a resin basis, the known machine designs do not meet the necessary requirements. Modern flying masses are characterized by increased strength, therefore, to obtain a calibrated and rectilinear channel of the tap hole that is opened, it is necessary to use a special drilling tool, which leads to significant costs. In addition, the tool and the drill rod need to be cooled from time to time, which complicates the design of the opening machines, which must be additionally equipped with appropriate equipment. When using the electromechanical drive of the drilling tool on existing machines, there is no blowing of the rod, and supplying the rod with the indicated blowing equipment causes a number of technical difficulties in supplying the coolant.

Basically, the drill mechanisms and perforators fail not through the operation of the mating parts and assemblies, but through the frequent ingress of molten iron and slag onto the perforator and its overheating from being near incandescent notches and molten iron. Therefore, the low cost of the used drilling tool is one of the requirements for perforators.

Known perforators with independent rotation of the drilling tool, which are used in the mining industry for drilling wells and holes (for example, SU 983266, SU No. 916752, RU No. 2015319).

The closest analogue of the claimed utility model is a rotary hammer, known from RU No. 2015319 dated 06/30/1994, which contains a barrel made in the form of a cylinder, a piston-hammer with a rod located in the barrel, a shank connected by a shaft with a rotary drive of the drilling tool. The rotary drive of the drilling tool and the piston-hammer drive are pneumatic. A throttle discharge channel connected to the atmosphere is made in the cylinder. The trailing edge of the throttle channel is located at a distance from the trailing edge of the exhaust channel equal to the width of the working part of the piston-hammer. The cavity of the throttle channel communicates with the reverse chamber. In the direct stroke of the piston-hammer, due to the throttling of air into the atmosphere from the return chamber, there is a decrease in resistance to the movement of the piston-hammer, as a result of which the energy of a single shock increases.

The disadvantages of such a rotary hammer (and other rotary hammers with pneumatic drive) are:

- insufficient speed and torque;

- a rotary hammer with independent rotation can be called conditionally. Indeed, a separate rotation without impact cannot work for a long time, since the oil enters the spindle bearings with air, which is supplied to the piston-hammer. The spindle bearings are installed in the spindle and they jam during operation without oil supply.

The utility model is based on the task of increasing the reliability of a drilling tool in a blast furnace workshop and reducing its cost without losing efficiency

The problem is solved in that in the perforator for opening the notches of the blast furnace, including the drive, the housing in which the device for securing the drilling tool is placed, the piston-hammer, in accordance with the claimed utility model, the device for fixing the drilling tool is a spindle with a shank, which is held in angular contact bearings, a sleeve is installed in the housing with the help of pins, inside of which there is a piston-hammer, as a drive a combined drive made with the possibility of actuating the piston-hammer using a pneumatic actuator, and the rotation of the shank - using a hydraulic actuator, in the axial bore of the piston-hammer there is a shaft that is connected by an intermediate shaft with a hydraulic motor, the shaft guide is made in the form of a washer, and the working cavity of the perforator airtight.

The proposed utility model is explained by the drawing, where the figure is indicated by the positions:

1 - shank;

2 - angular contact bearings;

3 - punch body;

4 - piston drummer;

5 - shaft;

6 - an intermediate shaft;

7 - hydraulic motor;

8 - sleeve;

9 - pin;

10 - insert;

11 - washer;

12 - pin;

13 - seal.

The perforator consists of a housing 3, in which the sleeve 8 is fixed using a pin 9. Inside the sleeve 8, under the influence of compressed air, the piston-hammer 4 moves, the front part of which moves along the inner hole of the guide insert 10. In the axial hole of the piston-hammer 4, shaft 5 , which is connected to the intermediate shaft 6 and transmits rotation from the hydraulic motor 7 using a planetary gear (not shown) to the shank 1 of the perforator for rotating the drilling tool. The shank 1 is installed in the angular contact bearings 2. The washer 11 serves as a guide for the shaft, which is fixed in the housing 3 of the drill using pins 9, 12. The working cavity is insulated using a seal 13.

The punch works as follows. To open the notch of the metallurgical unit (for example, a blast furnace), the machine for opening the notch of the blast furnace, with a perforator installed on it, from the initial position moves along the guides to the working area.

Near the desired tap hole, the machine automatically stops and communicates with the tap hole axis, after which the punch is turned on. The rotational moment from the hydraulic motor 7 through the intermediate shaft 6 and through a planetary gear (not shown) is transmitted to the shaft 5, which in turn rotates the shank 1, to which the drilling tool (not shown) is attached to the perforating drill for opening the notch. When moving the piston-hammer 4 carries out a shock on the shank, which is transmitted to the drilling tool 1. Thus, the rotation drive of the drilling tool and the piston-hammer drive of the perforator are separated and can be switched on independently of one another.

A distinctive feature of this hammer drill is that the piston-hammer drive is high-frequency (2220 beats / min.), Which allows you to effectively open the notch, and does not damage the case of the cast-iron notch.

The utility model is based on the two-stage drilling technology, which is as follows. At the first stage, the taphole channel is opened by hammerless drilling - drilling, until it comes into contact with the solidified cast iron crust, where the taphole mass has high strength due to its close proximity to molten cast iron, and the end of the cast iron tap hole is opened by crushing rotary drilling, while the tap hole is purged compressed inert gas at both stages. The length of the channel of the tap hole, which is opened by drilling, is approximately 70-90% of the total length of the tap hole.

This technology allows you to significantly increase the service life of the case cast iron notch by reducing the time of impact from the perforator. It also makes it possible to extend the life of the machine as a whole due to a significant reduction in the time during which it is under the action of dynamic loads. The main differences of the proposed punch is that the punch uses a combined drive to bring it into action, a hammer piston with a pneumatic drive, and a hydraulic drive is used to rotate the shank 1, to which the drilling tool is attached.

The following drives can be used to rotate the drilling tool:

- high-speed motor with gear;

- low speed motor without gear.

The advantages of the proposed hammer drill are high torque on the drilling tool, which allows you to open the notch without the use of a piston-hammer and ensure a stable drilling process, as well as the fact that the piston-hammer with a high frequency of impact and relatively low impact energy can be switched on regardless of the drive rotation, during operation practically does not destroy the furnace lining. In this case, the operation of the piston-drummer and the rotation drive are independent of one another. The piston drummer has a simple design and contains a minimum number of parts, which ensures simplicity and reliability of the design of the hammer. Reliability of the punch, sufficient impact force, long overhaul life and the relative cheapness of the design, distinguishes the claimed punch from analogues. Compared with punchers of foreign manufacturers, the declared punch is 7-10 times cheaper. The small dimensions of the claimed perforator meet the stringent requirements of the design of the foundry of the blast furnace.

Claims (1)

A perforator for opening a notch of a blast furnace, comprising a housing in which a device for securing a drilling tool is placed, a hammer-piston and a drive, characterized in that the device for fixing the drilling tool is made in the form of a spindle with a shank, which is mounted in angular contact bearings, in a sleeve is installed with the help of pins, inside of which there is a piston-hammer with an axial bore, a combined drive made with the possibility of actuating rshnya-impactor via the pneumatic actuator and the rotation of the shank - with a hydraulic drive, wherein in the axial bore of the piston-mounted firing pin shaft, which intermediate shaft is coupled with a hydraulic motor, the guide shaft is formed as a washer, and the working chamber is made airtight perforator.

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