RU2659045C1 - Perforator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and construction industries and can be used to drill holes and wells in any multi-structure rocks with solid inclusions, for example apatite-nepheline ore. Perforator includes a housing with a rotating mechanism housed therein and a double hammer including a main and auxiliary pins, an air distributing system, an end bumper, a drill bit connected to the rod, a shank mounted at one end on the slide bearings in the housing, and the output end connected by a drill stem assembly with a drill bit. Rotary mechanism is made with a rotation drive including a hydraulic motor and a reducer. Auxiliary barrel is installed in the opening of the end box, with the possibility of moving along its longitudinal axis in it, and the end box is made with a permanent magnet installed in it. End box and auxiliary boa are made of ferromagnets, and the shank and the main striker are made of nonferromagnetic materials.

EFFECT: provides a reliable process of "bounce" auxiliary pincers between the main striker and the bar, as well as preventing the "sticking" auxiliary pincers between the main striker and the shank.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining and construction industries and can be used for drilling holes and wells in any multi-structural rocks with solid inclusions, for example, apatitonefelinny ore.

Known hydropneumatic shock device (USSR author's certificate No. 713969, publ. 02/05/1980), including a housing, a hammer with a tip, working and brake pistons, a spring-loaded spool, overflow and control channels.

The disadvantage of this device is that this device is able to work only in the jackhammer mode and cannot be used for drilling.

Known two-piston rotary hammer (USSR author's certificate No. 1460228, publ. 02/23/1989), including a housing, two pistons, a cam clutch, granbuksu, air distribution device and a sealing ring.

The disadvantage of this device is that the two-mass hammer, which is equipped with a perforator, reduces the vibrations transmitted to the body, but is not able to solve problems of increasing the efficiency of impact and intensification of drilling regimes of multi-structural rocks, consisting of hard and soft components.

Known telescopic puncher (Vasiliev V.M. Punchers. M: Nedra, 1989, p. 48, 49) with an intermediate hammer, including a rock cutting tool located on the rod, a housing, an air distribution system, a piston hammer, an intermediate hammer, a rotary mechanism , rotary and trailer axle boxes.

The disadvantage of this punch is that the uncontrolled movement of the intermediate hammer reduces the efficiency of the impact and complicates the design of the barrel of the punch.

Known perforator (RF patent No. 2223378, publ. 02/10/2004), containing a rock cutting tool, a housing, with a rotary mechanism and a double piston-hammer placed in it, including the main and auxiliary strikers, the air distribution system, the rotary and trailer axle boxes.

The disadvantage of this device is the instability of the process of applying a "double" blow, because after applying the main blow, the auxiliary hammer is jammed in the axle box, which violates the stable operation of the punch.

где S₁ - площадь контакта вспомогательного бойка со штангой; S₂ - площадь торцевого сечения штанги.Known perforator (RF patent No. 2444602, publ. 10.03.2012), adopted as a prototype containing rock cutting tool, a housing with a rotary mechanism and a double striker placed in it, including the main and auxiliary strikers, air distribution system, rotary and end axle boxes while the auxiliary firing pin has an internal cavity with an elastic element made in the form of tapering and expanding parts, the minimum diameter of the cavity D is greater than the diameter of the right end part of the air pipe, and the max the total diameter D _{1 of the} cavity from the side of the rod is selected from the ratio

where S ₁ is the contact area of the auxiliary striker with the bar; S ₂ - the area of the end section of the rod.

The disadvantages of this device are: the wear of the contacting surfaces, as a result of which the centering is violated and there is a skew of the auxiliary striker relative to the axle box surface, which leads to an eccentric "oblique" impact of the latter on the bar, with the possibility of jamming of the auxiliary striker in the axle box, which disrupts the process of "bounce" and stable operation of the punch; the use of compressed air energy for the movement of the main striker, as a result of which high pressure is created in the collision cavity of the auxiliary and main strikers, which leads to uncontrolled movement of the auxiliary striker inside this cavity.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of a reliable process of “bounce” of the auxiliary striker between the main striker and the shank, as well as the prevention of “sticking” of the auxiliary striker between the main striker and the shank by controlled return to its initial position to provide the necessary clearance.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that it contains a shank installed at one end on sliding bearings in the housing, and the output end is connected by means of a composite of drill rods with a drill bit, while the rotary mechanism is made with a rotation drive including a hydraulic motor and gearbox, the auxiliary hammer is installed in holes of the end axle box with the possibility of movement along its longitudinal axis in it, and the end axle box is made with a permanent magnet installed in it, while the end axle box and omogatelny firing pin made of ferromagnetic materials, and the shank and the main firing pin - of neferromagnetikov.

The device of the punch is illustrated by the following figures: FIG. 1 - punch at the beginning of the working stroke of the main striker; FIG. 2 - auxiliary striker for the first proposed option; FIG. 3 - auxiliary strikers in conjunction with the end axle box (axle box), where:

1 - shank;

2 - the main firing pin;

3 - auxiliary striker;

4 - case;

5 - plain bearings;

6 - output end;

7 - output shaft;

8 - reducing gear;

9 - rotation sleeve;

10 - coupling;

11 - flushing system of the drill stand;

12 - hole;

13 - axial hole of the main striker;

14 - a permanent magnet;

15 - trailer axle box;

16 - collision zone;

17 - working cavity;

18 - seal.

The perforator (Fig. 1) contains a rock cutting tool, consisting of a set of screwed rods (expandable drill stand) and crowns screwed onto a shank 1, which is hit by a double hammer, consisting of the main hammer 2 and auxiliary hammer 3. The shank is installed and centered by a slotted the end in the housing 4 of the perforator on the sliding bearings 5, and the output end 6 has a round thread for screwing on it a composite drill stand with a crown. The rotary mechanism has its own drive, the rotation of which from the output shaft 7 of the hydraulic motor (gerotor) is transmitted through a reduction gear 8, a rotation sleeve 9 and a coupling 10 to the splined end of the shank, which ensures independent rotation of the entire rock cutting tool. The flushing system of the drill string 11 is carried out by lateral water supply through the hole 12.

Auxiliary striker 3 (Fig. 2) has an axial bore of the main striker 13 to facilitate it and is made of martensitic steel to increase its magnetic properties, as well as more accurate and faster positioning in the "bounce" area. The positioning of the auxiliary striker is carried out by a permanent magnet 14 (Fig. 3) installed inside the end axle box 15 (shafts of the shank), which damps vibrations from the bottom, and high pressure is not created in its cavity, which provides favorable conditions for the implementation of the "bounce" of the auxiliary striker . To prevent high pressure from entering the collision zone 16 of the main side 2 and the auxiliary striker 3 from the working cavity 17 (Fig. 1), a seal 18 is installed in the axle box (Fig. 3). The axle box is also made of magnetic martensitic steel (as well as the auxiliary striker). Magnetic forces center the auxiliary striker 3 in such a way that before the start of the working stroke of the main striker, a gap between the shank and the auxiliary striker of 3 to 5 mm is provided, while the rod and the main striker must be made of non-magnetic austenitic steel.

The work of the punch is as follows. The working fluid from the hydraulic system oil station, under high pressure, enters the working cavity 17 of the perforator, presses on the end protrusions of the main hammer 2, forcing it to move from the left towards the auxiliary hammer 3 and the shank 1. In this case, high pressure is created only in the working cavity of the hammer in the area of collision 16 and the subsequent "bounce" there is no excess pressure, thereby creating controlled conditions for the normal operation of the shock system. The movement of the auxiliary striker 3 is carried out in the hole of the end axle box (axle box) 15. In this case, the main striker 2 strikes the auxiliary striker 3 and gives it shock energy. Bouncing from the main striker 2, the auxiliary striker 3 strikes the end of the shank 1, and, bouncing off it, strikes again with the approaching main striker 2, then repeats its movement to the end of the shank 1 already at a faster speed, due to the reduction in the stroke length of the auxiliary striker 3 thereby producing a series of repetitive high-frequency short-term pulsed strokes - the effect of "bounce" occurs. The working stroke of the main striker 2 ends with the connection (sticking together) of the entire strike system: the main striker - auxiliary striker - shank. The main firing pin 2 is retracted back to its initial position, and the auxiliary firing pin 3 is installed in the end axle in the position 3-5 mm from the shank 1, thereby ending the idle stroke of the shock system. Moreover, the main firing pin 2 does not extend beyond the opening of the end axle box 15, thereby not interrupting contact with the seal 18, which prevents the excess pressure from entering the impact zone 16 of the main and auxiliary firing pin.

To install the auxiliary striker 3 in the initial position, at the end of each idle, it is made of alloys of ferromagnets and with an axial hole 13 to facilitate. Since the auxiliary firing pin 3 moves strictly along its longitudinal axis and is reliably centered in the hole of the end axle box 15, and during idling it is set to the initial position by the magnetic forces created by the permanent magnet 14, such adverse phenomena as “sticking” are eliminated after joining the shock system (at the end of the stroke) and skewing during a series of high-frequency pulse strokes (during the stroke), this ensures centered strokes and, as a result, increases The efficiency of the hammer drill is reduced, and the vibration of the drill rig is reduced.

In addition to transmitting a shock pulse, during operation, the rotary hammer rotates the rock cutting tool, transmitted from the hydraulic motor through the output shaft 7, the reducing gear 8, the rotation sleeve 9 with the external gear thread and the clutch 10 pressed into it with the internal splined thread, connected to the splined end of the shank, which transmits torque to the rock cutting tool fixed to the output end 6 with a circular thread. Centering of the shank and its rotation in the fixed housing 4 is carried out on sliding bearings 5.

The well is cleaned of drill trifles through a flushing system, by supplying water to the drill stand (rock cutting tool) through a hole 12 in the flushing socket and a hole 11 in the perforator shank.

Claims (1)

A rotary hammer containing a housing with a rotary mechanism and a double hammer placed in it, including the main and auxiliary strikers, an air distribution system, an end axle box, a drill bit connected to a rod, characterized in that it comprises a shank mounted at one end on sliding bearings in the housing, and the output end is connected by means of a composite of drill rods with a drill bit, while the rotary mechanism is made with a rotation drive, including a hydraulic motor and gearbox, auxiliary Tel'nykh firing pin mounted in a hole of the journal box end movable along its longitudinal axis therein and the end bush provided with a permanent magnet installed therein, wherein the terminal and the secondary firing pin bush made of ferromagnetic materials, and the shank and the main firing pin - of neferromagnetikov.

Images