RU151156U1 - STATIONARY DEVICE FOR DETERMINING LOCATIONS OF OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN SEPARATE PIPELINE SECTIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

A stationary device for diagnosing and detecting the leakage of oil and oil products in separate sections of the pipeline, characterized in that under the pipeline a conductor with insulators is laid in one line, and aluminum probes are installed at a distance of 5-10 cm from the conductor line, while a conductor with insulators from one the end of the communication line is connected to the ohmmeter, and the aluminum probes are connected to the terminals of the electronic switch, through which the probes are alternately connected to the ohmmeter, while the ohmmeter is connected to the conductor with insulators and aluminum probes connected to a personal computer.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for diagnosing objects of transportation and storage of oil and oil products and can be used in the petrochemical and oil production sectors of oil products.

The proposed utility model is most applicable when transporting oil and oil products in underground process pipelines.

Pollution of the lithosphere and hydrosphere occur as a result of fuel leaks from pipelines and tanks and other reasons.

If a spill of fuel from an onshore pipeline can be detected visually, then a leak of oil and oil products from an underground pipeline can only be determined by complex diagnostic methods.

These methods include: visual and measuring control, ultrasonic and acoustic emission control, magnetometric and capillary control and other types of diagnostics [ПБ 03-585-03. Rules for the design and safe operation of process pipelines]. Hydraulic and pneumatic tests for strength and density are also carried out.

Many of these methods are associated with the release of pipelines from fuel, with the opening and excavation of soil in separate areas, with subsequent removal of insulation, with the measurement of wall thickness, with the control of welded joints.

By the timing of the following types of diagnostics are established: primary, next and extraordinary.

Initial diagnosis is carried out no later than 2 years after the commissioning of the pipeline. The next diagnosis is carried out with a frequency of not more than 1 time in 8 years. Extraordinary diagnostics are carried out in the event of an incident or accident, when commissioning an object that has not been in operation for more than 3 years, and also after 30 years from the date of commissioning of technological pipelines [ПБ 03-585-03. Rules for the design and safe operation of process pipelines, RD-23.040.00-KTN-387-07. Diagnostics of technological oil pipelines NPS].

During operation, the walls of the pipeline are subjected to various types of corrosion, which are associated with the presence of sulfur and other aggressive compounds in oil and oil products, as well as water in the pipeline and in the ground.

Combating fuel losses from leaks in pipelines is becoming an important environmental and economic challenge.

A known method for detecting leaks of oil or oil products from the pipeline [Sh.I. Razmatullin et al. Patent for invention No. 2008113927 dated October 20, 2009. Method for detecting leaks of oil and oil products from a pipeline].

This method of hydraulic location of fluid leaks from a linear section of a pipeline involves detecting fluid leaks from a pipeline — by changes in the fluid flow rate and the hydraulic slope of the pipeline by graphical construction or analytical calculation. In this method, the controlled linear section of the pipeline, not equipped with a flowmeter system, is divided into two adjacent segments and using pressure sensors located at the ends of each of them, friction pressure losses are measured (hydraulic slopes of each segment), which determine the mass flow rate of the liquid on each segment G _1-2 (i _1-2 ) G _2-3 (i _2-3 ) and periodically control the value of the mass flow unbalance.

The unbalance threshold value is determined based on the use and analysis of a database characterizing the pumping parameters (pressure, temperature, density, fluid viscosity) during the period preceding an emergency (leak), using a statistical methodology.

The disadvantages of this method when diagnosing pipelines are:

1. The low efficiency of the method with small leaks of fuel from the pipeline.

2. The complexity of the determination and the large time required for calculations.

3. Application of the method for sections of the pipeline of small length.

A device is known for locating leaks of gas and oil products from a pipeline by continuously determining the hydrocarbon content in soil air, water and snow [E.M. Kutuzov, V.V. Gorin. Utility Model Patent No. 57915 of 10/27/2006. A device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from a pipeline for the continuous determination of hydrocarbon content in soil air, water and snow].

The device comprises a vehicle, a mechanism for opening the soil layer, a mechanism for sampling gas from under the soil layer, made in the form of a gas intake, a pump with a filter, a device for detecting the presence of gas, the input of which is connected to the output of the pump with a filter, and the output to a receiving device with indicator, a unit for determining the coordinates of the vehicle’s location, route-search equipment and a drilling rig. In this case, the mechanism for opening the soil layer is additionally equipped with a knife and a rope with an adjusting screw, and the gas detection device is made of a universal leak detector-chromatograph equipped with a built-in microcomputer with a memory of over 100 chromatograms and with the possibility of determining component and percentage hydrocarbon gas content.

A device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from a pipeline for continuous determination of hydrocarbon content in soil air, water and snow is equipped with a low-capacity water pump and a continuous ultrasonic degasser connected in series, and the output of the ultrasonic degasser is connected to the input of the chromatograph.

The disadvantages of this device when detecting a leak of oil and oil products from pipelines are:

1. Low efficiency of detecting fuel leaks from pipelines.

2. A long time to determine the leakage of oil from the pipeline, as well as their location.

3. The high cost of the device associated with the maintenance of the vehicle, people and complex expensive mechanisms.

4. The low speed of the vehicle in off-road conditions.

A device for detecting a leak of petroleum products in the pipeline [V.P. Dobrovolskov and others. Application for invention No. 95106872 from 20.00.1997, a device for detecting a leak of petroleum products in the pipeline].

The device is designed to detect the place of damage, accompanied by a leak of oil products. The invention solves the problem of simplifying the design, improving the reliability and fire and explosion safety of the device when it detects a leak of petroleum products from the pipeline. The invention consists in the following. The cable and conductor are made of fiber optic fibers laid outside the pipeline in two lines of the same length at a calculated distance from each other. The cable and conductor are connected at the end of the pipeline to the measuring unit of the leak. On both lines of the optical fibers, the polymer cladding is removed at certain distances, and the sections with the removed cladding are opposite each other in the housing with holes, while on one of the lines, the beginning of which is optically coupled to a radiation source electrically connected through the divider to the output of the launch unit , the sections of the fiber optic fiber with the removed sheath are covered with a polymer film, and the beginning of another line is optically coupled to a photodetector electrically connected to the measuring unit, Torah input coupled to one of the splitter outputs.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1. The presence in the design of a large number of additional buildings with holes located over small distances, which significantly increases the cost and metal consumption of the device.

2. Insufficient accuracy of determining the place of leakage from the pipeline. The resolution is determined by the frequency of location of the sections with the remote shell located in the housing with holes.

3. The technical complexity of determining the location of the leak. The device consists of complex and expensive elements.

Closest to the indicated problem is a stationary device for diagnosing and detecting the place of leakage of oil and oil products in the pipeline [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Utility Model Patent No. 57915 of 10/27/2006. Stationary device for diagnosing and detecting the place of leakage of oil and oil products in the pipeline].

Under the proposed pipeline, having welds, a fuel meter, pressure gauge, gate valve, insulation, in a layer of ground soil, conductors with insulators are laid in parallel in two lines. The conductors are connected by communication lines to ohmmeters, which are also connected to a personal computer by communication lines. Conductors are made of nickel plated copper. Insulators are PVC coated.

The fuel meter, an ohmmeter and a valve are located in the technological well.

The utility model works as follows. Oil is pumped through the pipeline.

In order to constantly diagnose leaks of oil and oil products under the pipeline using communication lines, ohmmeters, resistance measurements are made between conductors with insulators of various lines that are output to a computer. At the same time, the resistance of the “dry” line is measured, which in the presence of leaks will decrease, and the value of the resistance during leakage will determine the place of leakage from the pipeline.

In the event of an oil product leakage from the pipeline, the values of the measured resistances begin to decrease and go beyond the established interval.

Estimation of the resistance values between conductors located in the ground parallel to each other using ohmmeters and a computer allows us to determine not only the presence of oil and oil products from the pipeline, but also to identify the specific leak location in order to effectively repair the pipeline.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1. The presence in the design of two lines of conductors, which increases the cost and metal consumption of the device.

2. Insufficient accuracy of determining the place of leakage from the pipeline, since the lines of conductors are long and pass through the soils of various soils and rocks with different resistance.

3. The technical complexity of determining the location of the leak. The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in order to determine the ground resistances between the conductor and aluminum probes, a conductor with insulators is laid in a single line under the pipeline, and aluminum probes are installed at a distance of 5-10 cm above the conductor line, while a conductor with insulators from one end of the line the connection is connected to the ohmmeter, and the aluminum probes are connected to the terminals of the electronic switch, through which the probes are alternately connected to the ohmmeter, while the ohmmeter is connected to a conductor with insulators and aluminum mini probes connected to a personal computer.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since fuel leaks from the pipeline are detected and prevented in a timely manner, the accuracy of determining the leak location is increased, and the reliability of the operation of the pipeline is increased.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which depict: a functional diagram of a device for detecting leaks and a frontal section of a pipeline with conductors.

Under the proposed pipeline 1 (Fig. 1) having welds 2, a metering device 3, a pressure gauge 4, a valve 5, insulation 6 (Fig. 2), a layer of soil 7 is laid in a conductor 8 with insulators 9 ( Fig. 1). The conductor 8 is connected by a communication line 10 to an ohmmeter 11. The conductor is made of aluminum. Insulators are PVC coated.

The fuel meter, an ohmmeter and a valve are located in the technological well 13.

Aluminum probes 14 are installed at a distance of 5-10 cm above the conductor 8. Aluminum probes 14 are connected via communication lines 10 to terminals 15 of the electronic switch 16 and an ohmmeter 11.

Ohmmeter 11 communication line 10 is connected to a personal computer 12.

The utility model works as follows. The oil product 17 is pumped through the pipeline 1.

In order to constantly detect leaks under the pipeline 1 using communication lines 10, ohmmeter 11, soil resistances are measured between the conductor line 8 and aluminum probes 14. The probes are connected through an electronic switch 16 to the ohmmeter 11 and the soil resistance values are displayed on the computer 12. In this case at the initial moment, the resistance of soil not moistened with oil and oil products is measured. In the presence of leaks of oil and oil products 18, the soil resistance between the line of the conductor 8 and the aluminum probe 14 will increase significantly, which will determine the place of leakage from the pipeline.

In the event of leakage of the oil product 18 from the pipeline 1, the values of the measured resistances begin to increase and go beyond the established interval along the pipeline sections.

Estimation of soil resistance values between the conductor line and aluminum probes located in the soil using an electronic switch, an ohmmeter and a computer allows us to determine not only the presence of oil and oil products leakage from the pipeline, but also to identify the specific leakage location in the most dangerous sections of the pipeline for effective repair.

Claims (1)

A stationary device for diagnosing and detecting the leakage of oil and oil products in separate sections of the pipeline, characterized in that a conductor with insulators is laid in one line under the pipeline, and aluminum probes are installed at a distance of 5-10 cm from the conductor line, while a conductor with insulators from one the end of the communication line is connected to the ohmmeter, and the aluminum probes are connected to the terminals of the electronic switch, through which the probes are alternately connected to the ohmmeter, while the ohmmeter is connected to the conductor with insulators and aluminum probes connected to a personal computer.

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