RU15052U1 - FLAT ANTENNA ARRAY AND EXCITING ELEMENT FOR A FLAT ANTENNA ARRAY - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A flat antenna array containing a dielectric cover with reflectors, each of which is made in the form of a group of conductive pads, partitions, forming cells for separating the reflectors from each other, a conductive plate with many radiating holes, a dielectric board and a shield plate placed in the form of a multilayer a structure forming microstrip emitters with exciting elements having at least one output for signals of a given polarization, and at least one power supply system hydrostrip emitters, characterized in that the partitions forming the cells for separating the reflectors from each other are placed on a dielectric cover. 2. The flat antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the partitions forming the cells for separating the reflectors from each other are integral with the dielectric cover and have a conductive coating. A flat antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the partitions for separating the reflectors from each other have a height of from 0.1 to 0.7 wavelengths in free space. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that it is equipped with focusing elements located on the outer surface of the dielectric cap on the same axis with the corresponding radiating holes of the conductive plate. A flat antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that the focusing elements are made in the form of protrusions on a dielectric cover. A flat antenna array according to claim 5, characterized in that the focusing elements are integral with the dielectric cover. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1

Description

FLAT ANTENNA ARRAY AND EXCITING ELEMENT FOR A FLAT ANTENNA ARRAY

The proposal relates to radio engineering, microwave technology, antenna-feeder devices, and more specifically to lolosky antenna arrays for direct satellites television, and can be used to create flat antennas for direct satellites television broadcasts having efficiencies of more than 0.7 laris alert sizes, lying in limits from 15 to 30 wavelengths operating in a lolos of operating frequencies up to 10% with two linear or circular polarizations.

A well-known flat antenna array with different polarizations, containing a dielectric cover with reflectors, each of which is made in the form of a fulle of conducting areas, and conducting lines, separating the reflectors from each other, conducting a plate with many radiating holes and ledges, forming cells for separating the reflectors from each other other, dielectric llat and shielding llastin, placed in the form of a multilayer structure forming micro-strip emitters with excitation elements having outputs for signals of various polarization (including the left and the left circular polarization), two systems of feeding micro-strip emitters for receiving / transmitting signals of various polarization, including lithium elements and output probes, located in the output waveguide located in the central part of the antenna array, this is a protective dielectric cover

MKMH01Q21 / 24 H01Q1 / 38

located from the surface of the conductive plate at a distance of 0.3 to 0.7 wavelength, the shield plate is made with recesses located under the radiating holes in the conductive plate and forming resonators for excitation, the conductive and shield plates have protrusions to allow them to be installed on a certain distance from the dielectric board, excitation) | transmitting elements and two power systems of microstrip emitters for receiving / transmitting signals of different polarizations are placed on one surface of the dielectric a krka board, and each of the power supply systems for receiving / transmitting signals of various polarizations has a pair of coaxial output probes, the axes of the pairs of coaxial output probes being orthogonal and lying in the same plane of the cross section of the output waveguide with the intersection in its center, outputs for signals of different polarizations one half of the excitation} signal elements are connected respectively to one output probes of pairs of coaxial output probes, and the outputs for signals of different polarizations of the other half of the excitation} signal elements are connected to d other output probes of pairs of coaxial output probes (see RF patent N 2075259, MKI H01Q21 / 24, publ. 03/10/97).

In the known flat antenna array, the partitions for separating the reflectors from each other on the conductive plate can be made in the form of separate parts and then soldered or welded to it or, for example, milled together with the conductive plate.

The disadvantages of such an antenna array are low manufacturability and relatively high cost. It is impossible to make partitions on a conductive plate, for example, by stamping or other high-performance methods.

In this case, the need for joint use of these partitions on the conductive plate and conductive strips on

a dielectric cover for separating the reflectors from each other with the formation of cells with resonant dimensions of 2X complicates the design. This reduces the reliability, repeatability of the parameters of the antenna array and reduces the gain.

Known is an exciting element for a flat antenna array containing two orthogonal probes placed on a dielectric board, a loop and a conductive pad, the loop having a length of 0.35 to 0.45 wavelength, located along the bisector of the right angle between these orthogonal probes and is galvanically connected to them, and the conductive pad has a length of 0.2 to 0.35 wavelengths, is perpendicular to the loop and located at a distance from the point of intersection of the probe axes of no more than two tenths of the wavelengths (see RF patent N 2075256, MKI H01Q1 / 38, publ. .1 03/03/97).

The presence on the dielectric board of the power supply of conductive areas that are not galvanically connected with orthogonal probes does not allow the most high-performance method of manufacturing the board to be applied by drawing a picture of the board through a stencil followed by a galvanic coating with metal with low conductivity.

In the known design, the implementation of a conductive plate with partitions and a dielectric board with power systems and conductive areas isolated from the general circuit does not allow the use of high-performance manufacturing methods, which leads to a large complexity and manufacturing cost.

The proposal is based on the task of creating a flat antenna array for receiving / transmitting signals of various polarizations, including linear (horizontal and vertical) and / or circular (left and / or right), which would provide a high gain.

simplicity and reliability of the design, high technological production, repeatability of parameters and low cost while maintaining a high efficiency in a wide frequency band.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that the partitions for separating the reflectors from each other are made only on the inner surface of the dielectric cones, preferably at the same time with it and have a conductive (metallized) coating.

This object is achieved by the fact that in a flat antenna array containing a dielectric cover with reflectors, each of which is made in the form of conductive platforms, partitions, forming cells for separating the reflectors from each other, a conductive plate with many radiating holes, a dielectric board and a shielding plate placed in the form of a multilayer structure forming microstrip emitters with exciting elements having at least one output for signals of different polarizations, of at least one feed system for microstrip radiators partitions forming cells for separating the reflectors from each other, are arranged on an insulating cover.

Preferably, the partitions forming the cells for separating the reflectors from each other are integrally formed with a dielectric cover and with a conductive coating.

It is advisable to partition to separate the reflectors from each other with a height of from 0.1 to 0.7 wavelengths in free space.

It is advisable to arrange focusing elements on the outer surface of the dielectric cone with their placement on the same axis with the radiating holes of the conductive plate.

Preferably, the focusing elements are in the form of protrusions on a dielectric cone, including bulges or lenses.

It is advisable that the focusing elements are integral with the dielectric cover.

It is advisable, in some kind of reflector, to conduct the conductive pads of one or different geometric shapes, including in the form of rectangles, and / or triangles, and / or trapezoids, and / or circles, and / or polygons.

It is preferable to arrange conductive pads in some kind of reflector symmetrically relative to the axis of the corresponding cell to separate the reflectors from each other.

In addition, each power supply system for microstrip emitters for receiving / transmitting signals of a given polarization can have batteries and at least one output probe located in the output waveguide, which should be placed in the central part of the antenna array.

To receive / transmit signals of different polarizations, the excitation elements of microstrip emitters and two power systems of microstrip emitters can be placed on one surface of the dielectric board, and each of the power systems can have a pair of coaxial output probes, and the axis of the pairs of coaxial output probes are orthogonal and lie in one plane of the cross section of the output waveguide with the intersection in its center, the outputs for the signals of given polarizations of one half of the exciting elements are connected respectively but to one output probe of pairs of coaxial output probes, and the outputs for signals of predetermined polarizations of the other half of the exciting elements are connected to other output probes of pairs of coaxial output probes.

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It is advisable to perform an ethane plate with recesses located under the radiating holes in the conductive plate and forming resonators for their excitation.

It is advisable to place the dielectric board between two additionally inserted spacer sheets.

The solution to the problem is also achieved by the fact that in the exciting element containing two orthogonal probes and located perpendicular to the bisector of the right angle between them, a conductive pad placed on a dielectric board, the conductive pad is galvanically connected with the indicated orthogonal probes.

Preferably, the conductive pad is made with a dp from 0.3 to 0.7 dp of the wave in the microstrip line and a width of from 0.01 to 0.3 wavelength in the microstrip line.

in the proposed antenna array, partitions on the conductive plate and conductive strips on the dielectric cover are excluded to form cells with reflectors.

The analysis of the prior art, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allows us to establish that the applicant has not found technical solutions characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype made it possible to identify a set of essential (with respect to the technical result perceived by the applicant) features in the claimed object set forth in the utility model formula.

Therefore, the proposed proposal meets the requirement of novelty under applicable law.

Information about the fame of the distinguishing features in the totality of the characteristics of the known technical solutions with the achievement of the same as the claimed device, the technical result is not available.

Based on this, it was concluded that the proposed solution meets the criterion of inventive step.

In the future, the present proposal is illustrated by a description of a specific (not offensive) embodiment of the invention, in particular, in a flat antenna array with different polarizations, and the following drawings:

Figure 1 depicts a flat antenna array, made according to the invention, in a rectangular isometric view;

Figure 2 depicts a fragment of a flat antenna array in section;

Fig. 3 depicts a fragment of a dielectric cap with reflectors,

view from the side facing the exciting elements;

Figure 4 depicts a power system antenna array on a dielectric board;

Figure 5 depicts the exciting element in figure 4;

Fig. B shows the central part of the dielectric board (in Fig. 4) with output probes;

Fig.7 depicts a fragment of a dielectric cap with focusing elements in the form of individual lenses on its surface, a view of the dielectric cap from the outside;

Fig.8 depicts a fragment of a bottom view of the antenna array from the bottom of the bottom cover - the outlet of the waveguide with output probes;

Fig.9 - shows the dependence of the antenna gain in the frequency range (foe P - for signals of the right circular polarization, five A for the signal of the left fugue polarization);

FIG. 10 — dependences of the isolation on polarization in the frequency range are shown (fiven П - for signals of the right circular polarization, fiven A - for the signal of the left fugue polarization).

A flat antenna array with different polarizations contains a dielectric cover 1 with reflectors 2, each of which is made in the form of a group of symmetrically located conducting areas 3, in particular, of different geometric shapes, and partitions 4, forming cells 5 for separating the reflectors 2 from each other a conductive plate 6 with a plurality of radiating holes 7, a dielectric board 8, placed, in particular, between two casing sheets 9, 10, a shielding plate 11 made with cylindrical recesses 12, arranged placed under the radiating holes 7 of the conductive plate 6 and forming resonators for exciting these holes 7, the lower flange 13. On one surface of the dielectric board 8 are exciting elements 14 located under the radiating holes 7 in the conductive plate b and electromagnetically coupled to them, and two circuits power for receiving / transmitting signals of various polarizations. At the same time, the dielectric cover 1, the conductive plate 6, the dielectric board 8, the blower plate 11 form microstrip emitters placed in compliance with a predetermined distance in the form of a multilayer structure.

The dielectric chip 1 is located from the surface of the conductive plate 6 (FIG. 2) at a distance {B) of 0.3 to 0.7 wavelengths.

In the dielectric cover 1 of the partition 4 (Figure 2) for separating the reflectors 2 from each other, they have a height (H) of 0.1 to 0.7 wavelengths in free space.

Partitions 4, forming cells 5 for separating the reflectors 2 from each other, it is preferable to integrate with the dielectric cap 1 (from the material of the dielectric cap 1) and with a conductive coating 15.

In some} reflector 2, the conductive pads 3 can be made of the same geometric shape or of various geometric shapes (FIG. 3), including in the form of rectangles, and / or triangles, and / or trapezoids, and / or circles, and / or polygons. Reflectors 2 are located on the inner surface of the protective dielectric cover 1 in the corresponding cells 5 (Fig.Z).

On the outer surface of the protective dielectric cover 1, focusing elements 16 can be made in the form of vytups (bulges) located on the same axis with the corresponding cells 5 for separating the reflectors 2 from each other and the radiating holes 7 of the conductive plate 6 and made, in particular, integrally with a dielectric cap 1 (figure 2). When performing the focusing elements 16 in the form of individual elements (lenses) (Fig. 7), it is possible to stick them to the surface of the dielectric cover 1.

To build antenna arrays with different types of polarizations, excitation elements 14 were used (Fig. 5) with outputs 17, 18, respectively, for signals of different polarizations (right and left circular polarization or vertical and horizontal linear polarization) containing two orthogonal probes 19,20 and a conductive pad located perpendicular to the bisector of the right angle between them

21 located on the dielectric board 8, the conductive plate 21 being galvanically connected to said orthogonal probes 19,20.

The conductive pad 21 has a length (I) of 0.3 to 0.7 wavelengths in the microstrip line, and a width (b) of 0.01 to 0.3 wavelengths in the microstrip line.

The relationship of the orthogonal probes 19, 20 with the conductive pad 21 for the selected sizes and topology leads to the fact that upon excitation of one probe, the field in the other, passive, is equal in amplitude to the field in the active and is phase shifted by an angle approximately equal to 90 °, those. the conditions necessary for the excitation of a circularly polarized wave are satisfied.

Power systems (Figure 4) contain batteries (in the form of segments of strip lines 22 and power sharing elements 23 - T-shaped power splitters) and four output probes 24,25,26,27 (two coaxial output probes 24,25 - for one power system and two other coaxial output probes 26.27 - for another power system). The output probes 24,25,26,27 are located in the central part 28 of the dielectric board 8 (FIG. 6) so that the axis of each pair of the output probes (24,25 and 26,27) are orthogonal.

In the bottom cover 13 in the hole 29 is installed (Fig. 8) an output waveguide 30 (in the form of a ring). The center of the output waveguide 30 is the axis of symmetry for the coaxial output probes (24.25 and 26.27).

Moreover, on one surface of the dielectric board 9 (Fig. 4), half of the exciting elements 14 with their respective outputs 17, 18 for signals of different polarizations (right and left circular polarization) are connected through the batteries 22,23 of the corresponding power circuits, for example, to the corresponding output probes 26,24 of these systems, and the other half of the exciting elements 14 with their outputs

17.18 is connected through batteries 22.23 of the corresponding power circuits to other output probes (27.25) of pairs of coaxial probes (24.25 and 26.27) of the corresponding power circuits. Then a pair of coaxial output probes 26,27 is intended for receiving / transmitting, respectively, signals of the right circular polarization, a pair of coaxial output probes 24,25 is intended for receiving / transmitting signals, respectively, of the left circular polarization, and the cross-sectional areas of the output waveguide 30 are located along the bisseuris output probes 24,25,26,27 are intended for reception / transmission of linear polarizations, and the remaining zones of the indicated cross section are for reception / transmission of elliptical polarization with an ellipticity coefficient from O to 1.

To fix the dielectric board 8 between the conductive and shielding plates 6,11, masonry sheets 9,10 of foam material were used (FIG. 2). It is possible to use other known methods of fixing the dielectric board 8 between the indicated plates 6.11 using protrusions made on the conductive plate 6 or on the dielectric board 8 itself (not shown in FIG.).

Thus, to create antenna arrays with several different polarizations, selected at the consumer’s choice (linear horizontal, or linear vertical, or left circular, or right circular, or linear horizontal and vertical, or circular left and right), exciting elements with two outputs are used executed, nalrimer, as is located in FIG. 5 and two power supply systems of microstrip radiators, made, in particular, as shown in FIG. 4.

It is possible to use the proposed technical solution for constructing antenna arrays, for example, with one or two polarizations.

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To create an antenna array with one polarization (linear horizontal, or linear vertical, or left circular, or right circular), you can apply the known implementation of the exciting elements with one output (for example, in the form of a single probe), while the myth-strip emitters are powered from one system power supply (not shown in FIG.).

To build an antenna array, for example, with two polarizations linear (horizontal and vertical) or circular (left and right), one can use the known implementation of exciting elements with two outputs (for example, in the form of two orthogonal probes), while the microstrip emitters are supplied from two power systems (not shown in FIG.).

A flat antenna array, in particular with different polarizations, works as follows.

Consider the operation of the antenna array in transmission mode. Upon excitation of a pair of coaxial output probes 24.25, the signals through segments of microstrip lines 22 and power dividers 23 in the form of T-shaped branches are fed to the corresponding inputs 18 of the exciting elements 14. When energizing the exciting elements 14 (Fig. 5), the active input 18 the excitation probe 20 through the conductive pad 21 excites a passive probe 19. The length (I) of the conductive pad 21 and its width (b) are selected so that when the energizing probe 20 (active probe) is energized in the excitation probe 19, the amplitude of the electric field vector measured by probe 20 is approximately equal to the amplitude of the electric field vector excited by probe 19 (passive probe), and the phases of the vectors differ by 90 °. As a result, a wave of left circular polarization is excited. When excited by another pair of coaxial output probes 26,27

probe 19 becomes active, probe 20 becomes passive, and the phases of the electric field vectors between the fields excited by these probes differ by minus 90), that is, a wave of right circular polarization is excited. A fugue polarization wave excites an electromagnetic field in the (microstrip) emitters of a flat antenna array. An electromagnetic field is excited} in the cavity between the conductive plate 6 with the exciting (radiating) holes 7 and the reflectors 2 located on the inner side of the protective dielectric cover 1. Since the wave of circular polarization can be represented as the sum of two orthogonal signals with linear polarization with the same amplitude and with a phase shift of 90 °, then each reflector 2 is made as a fulp of conductive pads 3. As a result, in the reflectors 2 on the surface of the conductive pads 3 and in the gaps where their edges are excited I am electromagnetic fields. The size and shape of the conductive pads 3 are selected experimentally.

In this case, the field on the radiating surface of the antenna array having a square aperture with a side from two to two and a half wavelengths is close to equal-amplitude and in-phase.

Since the power systems are designed in a parallel circuit, all the excitation elements of the antenna array are in phase in a wide frequency band, the field on the surface of the antenna array is in phase and close to equal amplitude, and the utilization factor of the aperture plane approaches unity. When the antenna is in the reception mode in the case of receiving a left circular polarization wave, taking into account the principle of reciprocity, the received waves in a reverse order sequentially excite the electromagnetic field and currents on the conductive pads 3 and in the gaps between these pads 3, in the radiating holes 7, in the orthogonal probes 19 and 20 excitation} of the measuring elements 14, and then through the segments of microstrip lines

22 and power dividers 23, the signals are sent to a pair of coaxial output probes 24.25, and the output probe 24 receives signals from one half of the excitation elements 14 located on the part of the antenna array where this probe 24 is located, and to the output probe 25 - from the other half of the exciting elements 14 located on the other antenna array, where the probe 25 is located.

When a right-handed circular polarization wave is received, the signals passing through another feeding system excite another pair of coaxial output probes 27, 26.

In addition to receiving signals of two circular polarizations, the proposed design of the antenna array allows you to receive signals of various polarizations - linear and elliptical polarization with an ellipticity coefficient from O to 1.

To obtain double circular polarization, the design of excitation elements (Fig. 5) can be applied, made in the form of two mutually orthogonal probes 19,20 and a conductive pad 21 located perpendicular to the bissec of right angles between them to obtain the necessary amplitude and phase distribution. The interconnection of the orthogonal probes 19.20 with the conductive pad 21 for its selected size and topology leads to the fact that when one probe is excited, the field in the other, passive, is equal in amplitude to the field in the active and phase shifted by an angle of approximately 90 (, t. e. the conditions necessary for the excitation of the circular polarization wave are fulfilled. When performing the excitation} elements 14 according to this topology corresponding to paragraph 12 of the claims, when powering two output probes 26,27 lying on the same transverse axis of the circular output waveguide 28 , the antenna receives (emits) a wave of one circular polarization (for example, the right), when powered

two other output probes 24.25, orthogonal to the first, the antenna receives a wave of left circular polarization. The excitation elements 14 and the power supply system (power supply) on one dielectric board 8 are made in such a way that the proposed antenna design has broader functionality than the known ones, since it allows receiving signals with any desired polarization.

If a converter with one input is used to receive signals and the input probe of the converter is located in a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the two output probes of the antenna, then the signal of one of the two circular polarizations is received. When the converter with one input is turned 90 degrees apart the longitudinal axis of the output waveguide 28 of the antenna, a different circular polarization signal is received. If the converter is located in such a way that the plane passing through the input probe of the converter does not pass through the output probes of the 24.25 and 26.27 antennas, the signals of the right and left circular polarizations with amplitudes depending on the position of the input probe of the converter are simultaneously received at the input probe. If fields with left and right circular polarization are received at the same time, then as is known (see N.L.Drobkin, V.L. Zuzenko, Y.G. Kislov Antenna-feeder devices. M .. Soviet radio, 1974. p.) :

years

nf. . (1)

, ... - .... a - - 1 {Ос1Ц1 {/ ff

0 16 - vectors of the electric field of the right and left rotation, respectively; n / ii.f. - the amplitudes of the vectors of the electric field; - initial phases of the electric field vectors. The parameters of the polarization ellipse and the angle of inclination are related to formulas (1) and (2) by the dependences ffnb. -ff. ffnf .. / 57 «4 (3) (4, if the converter’s receiving probe is located along one of the diagonals to the output probes of the antenna 45, - 45, the amplitudes of the received signals are equal to (ffn, -,). In this case,% О that is, the polarization is linear, and the angle of inclination of the ellipse axis is x6 O, the polarization is horizontal.When the receiving probe is located on a different diagonal y - At fr - ooR V. 90 - a signal with vertical polarization is received.In the case of installing a controlled waveguide polarizer between the antenna and the converter when setting the plane of polarization from O to 13 45 the antenna receives signals with any polarization: right circular vertical - left circular - horizontal, and in sections other than / K-45 °, where, 1,2,3 - elliptical polarization with an ellipticity coefficient defined by formula (3). allows you to coordinate the polarization of the transmitting antenna on the geostationary satellite and the proposed receiving antenna and receive the maximum signal at the input of the converter.

To obtain a more equal-amplitude and in-phase distribution of the electro-magnetic field on the surface of the antenna array and, as a result, increase the antenna gain on the outer surface of the dielectric cover 1 along with it in the form of bulges (in the form of focusing lenses) or in the form of separate lenses (in the form of protrusions) focusing elements 16 are made.

A flat slot antenna array with different polarizations, made according to the invention and used for direct satellite television, with a radiating aperture size of 456x456 mm and a thickness of 30 mm, has a gain for left polarization for the fugue polarization in the frequency range 12.1 ... 12.7 GHz (Fig.9 - curve P) is not less than 33.8 dB, with a maximum value of 34.4 dB, the gain for the right-handed polarized polarization (Fig.9 - fivoy A) is not less than 33.2 dB, and the maximum value is 34, 3 dB The ellipticity coefficient for the right and left circular polarization is not more than 1.8 dB, which corresponds to a polarization isolation of at least 20 dB.

Claims (15)

1. A flat antenna array containing a dielectric cover with reflectors, each of which is made in the form of a group of conductive pads, partitions, forming cells for separating the reflectors from each other, a conductive plate with many radiating holes, a dielectric board and a shield plate placed in the form of a multilayer a structure forming microstrip emitters with exciting elements having at least one output for signals of a given polarization, and at least one power supply system hydrostrip emitters, characterized in that the partitions forming the cells for separating the reflectors from each other are placed on the dielectric cover.  2. The flat antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the partitions forming the cells for separating the reflectors from each other are integral with the dielectric cover and have a conductive coating.  3. A flat antenna array according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the partitions for separating the reflectors from each other have a height of from 0.1 to 0.7 wavelengths in free space.  4. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that it is equipped with focusing elements located on the outer surface of the dielectric cap on the same axis with the corresponding radiating holes of the conductive plate.  5. The flat antenna array according to claim 4, characterized in that the focusing elements are made in the form of protrusions on the dielectric cover.  6. The flat antenna array according to claim 5, characterized in that the focusing elements are integral with the dielectric cover.  7. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that in each reflector the conductive pads are made of the same or different geometric shapes, including in the form of rectangles, and / or triangles, and / or trapezoids, and / or circles, and / or polygons.  8. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-7, characterized in that in each reflector conductive pads are located symmetrically relative to the axis of the corresponding cell to separate the reflectors from each other.  9. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that each power supply system of microstrip emitters for receiving / transmitting signals of a given polarization has power cells and at least one output probe located in the output waveguide.  10. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the output waveguide is located in the Central part of the antenna array.  11. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-10, characterized in that for the reception / transmission of signals of different polarizations, the exciting elements of the microstrip emitters and two power systems of the microstrip emitters are located on the same surface of the dielectric board, and each of the power systems has a pair of coaxial output probes, and the axis of the pairs of coaxial output probes is orthogonal and lie in the same plane of the cross section of the output waveguide with the intersection in its center, the outputs for signals of specified polarizations of one half of the exciting elements are connected respectively to one of the output probes of pairs of coaxial output probes, and the outputs for signals of specified polarizations of the other half of the exciting elements are connected to other output probes of pairs of coaxial output probes.  12. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the shielding plate is made with recesses located under the radiating holes in the conductive plate and forming resonators for their excitation.  13. Flat antenna array according to any one of paragraphs. 1-12, characterized in that the dielectric board is placed between two additionally inserted spacer sheets.  14. An excitation element comprising two orthogonal probes and a conductive pad located perpendicular to the bisector of a right angle between them, placed on a dielectric board, characterized in that the conductive pad is galvanically connected to said orthogonal probes. 15. The exciting element according to 14, characterized in that the conductive pad has a length of from 0.3 to 0.7 wavelengths in the microstrip line and a width of from 0.01 to 0.3 wavelengths in the microstrip line.