RU143819U1 - VEHICLE AND LAND VEHICLE VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A vehicle for movement through air and land, including: at least one element of creating traction; controls the lower wing, made in the form of the main body, adapted to accommodate at least an element for creating traction, controls, seats for the operator; three support wheels holding the body, of which at least one drive; upper wing, located vertically above the lower wing; at least two end plates; at least one elevator made by controlling pitch angle; at least one aileron made by controlling roll angle; at least one rudder made by controlling yaw; characterized in that it additionally contains: a fourth support wheel; although there would be one intermediate wing located below the upper wing, but above the hull, and so that the subsequent intermediate wing is located relative to the previous one shifted either forward or backward; and the thrust creation element is made with holding either an internal combustion engine, or an electric motor, or an internal combustion engine and a jet engine, or an internal combustion engine and a turboprop engine, or a hybrid engine; the upper wing, lower wing, and intermediate wing are made having an aerodynamic profile and providing lift; the main body made additionally adapted to accommodate passengers and payload; end plates are made vertical and bearing, connecting the bottom its wing, upper wing, at least one intermediate wing. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least about

Description

The utility model relates to the field of technology, namely, aircraft and automotive devices that allow the movement of passengers and goods through the air and various underlying surfaces, including on public roads without changing the geometric and overall dimensions of the vehicle.

Under the terms used in the claimed technical solution is understood as follows.

MEANS, means, pl. a (a wrong.), cf. - The subject, the device (or their combination), necessary for the implementation of any activity. Means of production. Means of transport. Vehicles. Means of labor. Defensive means. Technical means of struggle. Means of protection. Language is a means of communication. Livelihood. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935-1940. http://dic.academic.ru/contents.nsf/ushakov/

MOVEMENT - the process of action according to chap. move, move, move 1., 2., move / Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T.F. Efremova. 2000. http://dic.academic.ru/contents.nsf/efremova/

DEVICE - [unit, mechanism, device] - a set of parts, assemblies and elements with constructive and functional unity. / Encyclopedic Dictionary of Metallurgy http://metallurgicheskiy.academic.ru/ http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1040150

A car in recent years has become the most necessary thing for a modern person. Almost every family today has 1 or even 2 cars. According to the author, about 50% of owners use a car to travel around the city and only occasionally make sorties to a distance of 100-300 km., 30% use a car to travel around the city and move from suburban housing to the city and back, about 15% of owners use a car for constant journeys between neighboring settlements with a distance of up to 300 km., 5% periodically use a car for long trips from 1000 to 3000 km. The ever-increasing desire of the population of large cities to live in the suburbs, the constant deterioration of traffic, the ever-increasing size of morning and evening traffic jams at the entrance and exit from the city, the desire to reduce travel time to neighboring settlements, the desire to travel around the country by car while spending less time for driving - all this leads to the idea of using one technical tool both for traveling on roads and for flights over areas with heavy traffic and between the nearest settlements. Currently, a number of countries around the world (USA, England, China, Germany, etc.) are actively developing a hybrid of a flying car. The main number of patents in this area is associated with a change in the overall dimensions and geometry of the vehicle depending on the method of movement, so for the flight to expand (unfold, extend, inflate, etc.) inflate, etc.) wings, tail, steering wheels . Another area in which development is being carried out is vertical takeoff and landing devices, but they have no relation to this invention.

Known technical solutions based on the principle of installing on a vehicle adapted for driving on the road folding, sliding or swivel wings (US Patent 6073882, priority from 06/13/2000; German Patent 3900096 F1, priority from 01/01/1989; Application WO 2012012752, priority from 23.07 .2010, published on April 26, 2012; Application 98109277, priority dated 05.22.1998, published on 04/10/1999).

Known technical solutions based on the principle of connecting to a vehicle adapted for driving on a road a structure having wings, tail unit and other elements necessary for flight (US Patent 3,645,474, Priority 02/29/1972, US Patent 4,537,373, 08/27/1985, Application Germany 202009002345 , priority of September 17, 2009).

Known technical solutions based on the principle of using a flexible, inflatable or counter-flowing wing attached to a vehicle adapted for driving on general roads (Chinese Patent 101264722, priority of 08/11/2010; German Application 20,200,900,245, priority of 09/17/2009 ; Patent EP 1541465, priority dated 12/9/2003).

Known technical solutions based on the principle of using a structure with vertical or shortened take-off and landing based on the principle of rotors attached to vehicles adapted for driving on public roads (Patent EP 1812251, 1812251, priority dated 12.10.2004, published 07.12.12 .2011; Patent of the Russian Federation 2360802, priority from priority of 04/02/2007; China Patent 1,03213466, priority of 07/24/2013). In these designs, the lifting force is created due to the rejection of a screw mass of air not less than the mass of the aircraft.

Known technical solutions based on the principle of using a flexible, inflatable or counter-flowing wing connected to a vehicle adapted for traffic on roads. German application 202009002345, priority dated September 17, 2009; Chinese patent 101264722, priority of 08/11/2010; Patent EP 1541465, priority from 09,12,2003).

Known technical solutions based on the principle of using a design with vertical or shortened take-off and landing based on the principle of rotors attached to vehicles adapted for driving on roads (Patent EP 1812251, priority from 11.10.2005, publ. 09.05.2012; Patent RF 2360802, priority dated 02.04.2007; Chinese Patent 103213466, priority dated 07.24.2013). In these designs, the lifting force is created due to the rejection of a screw mass of air not less than the mass of the aircraft.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions is the need to convert the geometry, shape and size of the apparatus when transferring it from the mode of movement on the ground to the mode of movement through the air. This transformation requires solving complex technical problems and developing a large number of mechanical components, each of which carries a potential risk of breakdown, increases the weight of the device, complicates its production and operation, and increases cost. In addition, to transfer the device from one driving mode to another, it requires a stop and a certain time.

Closest to the claimed utility model is a technical solution, a solution containing an element for creating traction, an upper and lower wing, three support wheels, an element for controlling the pitch angle, an element for controlling the angle of pitch angle control, a yaw control element, end plates, (US Patent 2713465, IPC B64C 37/00, priority dated 05/21/1953, publ. 07/19/1955). 07/19/1955). In this case, the lower wing is made in the form of the main body, adapted to accommodate at least one element for creating traction, controls, operator seats, wheels, one of which is driven, hold the body.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are that it does not have sufficient lifting force, because it has a small wing area and their insufficient mechanization at various modes and speeds, has a low carrying capacity, poor controllability in flight due to the small surface area of control over the roll, small shoulders of the action of forces from the controls of the device to the center of mass (corresponding to the axis of rotation), insufficient the stability of the device when moving on the ground, because there is only one front wheel. In addition, in the known device a sufficiently large load on the wings. And there is only one engine, which is designed both for movement on the ground and for movement through the air, while the requirements for the characteristics and design of engines for movement on the ground and through the air differ significantly.

The author was given the task of developing a universal, safe, economical vehicle for traveling through air and land, allowing for movement through air and land without changing its shape and geometry, which is stable, reliable, cheap, easy to operate and maintain.

The tasks are solved in that in a vehicle for movement through air and land, including:

at least one element of creating traction;

the lower wing, made in the form of the main body, adapted to accommodate at least an element for creating traction, controls, seats for the operator;

three support wheels holding the case, of which at least one drive;

upper wing, located vertically above the lower wing;

at least two end plates;

at least one elevator made by the pitch control angle;

at least one aileron made by controlling the angle of heel;

at least one rudder made by the yaw manager; further comprises: a fourth support wheel;

at least one intermediate wing located below the upper wing, but above the hull, and so that the subsequent intermediate wing is located relative to the previous one shifted either forward or backward;

and the thrust generating element is made comprising either an internal combustion engine, or an electric motor, or an internal combustion engine and a jet engine, or an internal combustion engine and a turboprop engine, or a hybrid engine;

the upper wing, the lower wing, the intermediate wing is made having an aerodynamic profile, and providing the creation of lifting force;

the main body is made, additionally adapted to accommodate passengers and payload;

end plates are made vertical and bearing, connecting the lower wing, the upper wing, at least one intermediate wing. At the same time, at least one wing, either upper, lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one slat, made either deflected, or rejected, or extended. At least one wing, either upper, or lower, or lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one flap, made either deflected or extended. At least one wing, either upper, upper, lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one interceptor made either deflected or extended. At least one end plate is made having at least one interceptor made either deflectable or extendable. At least one wing, either upper, lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one spoiler, made either deflected or extendable. At least one end plate is made having at least one spoiler, made either deflectable or extendable. The element for creating thrust is made comprising a propeller, which is made driven by either an engine or a turboprop engine, or an electric motor, or a hybrid engine. The element for creating traction is made transmitting movement either to the wheels or to the air propeller. The rudder made by the control yaw is located at a maximum distance from the vertical axis, for example, on the upper wing in the form of a front horizontal tail (PGO). The main body is made of either strong and light metal or fiberglass or carbon fiber containing front doors and side windows in the form of transparent elements made of impact-resistant glass or transparent plastic, rear and rear and side view mirrors, dipped headlights and high beams, direction indicators, emergency stop indicators, fog lights, and at the rear, direction indicators, emergency indicators, reverse and reverse lights and brake lights. The controls are made controlling the movement of air and land. Means of controlling movement by air and air and means of controlling movement of the earth can be spaced, when spaced, while the means of controlling movement of air are made containing a control wheel, directional pedals, gas sector, pitch, screw, controls of movement of the earth are made containing a steering wheel containing steering wheel, gas pedals, brake pedal, clutch pedal.

The technical effect of the proposed technical solution is to expand the arsenal of vehicles by air and land. And also in providing the necessary lifting force and controllability at the speeds of a conventional small aircraft and at speeds of a conventional car in the dimensions of a traditional vehicle, in increasing reliability, in improving aviation aerobatic and ground operational properties, in increasing efficiency and reducing the cost of movement.

The inventive utility model is illustrated in the block diagram shown in FIG. 1 (front view) and FIG. 2 (sectional view AA), where 1 is the main body (lower wing), 2 is the upper wing, 3 is the intermediate wing (front), 4 is the intermediate wing (rear), 5 is the end plate (left), 6 - end plate (right), 7 - support wheels, 8 - traction creating element, 9 - propeller, 10 - elevator, 11 - rudder, 12 - aileron, 13 - slat, 14 - flap, 15 - interceptor, 16 - spoiler.

When analyzing existing small aircraft (for 2-6 passengers, with a payload of up to 1000 kg.), The wing area is usually from 10 to 20 square meters. m., while the separation speed (landing speed) depends on the wing area and the availability of mechanization and is usually 50 to 120 km / h for such aircraft. At the same time, the traditional location and shape of the wing, primarily its wingspan, does not allow the device to have transverse dimensions, allowing it to move along public roads.

The inventive utility model relates to vehicles that allow both traffic on public roads and flights at altitudes of up to 4000 m, at a distance of up to 2000 km.

The vehicle for movement through air and land is a full-fledged passenger car, including a lower wing, made in the form of the main body 1 and a superstructure made in the form of several more wings, located between two end plates 5 and 6, which are made vertical and bearing. To reduce weight, the main body 1 is made of durable and lightweight metal or fiberglass or carbon fiber. In the main building there are 1 exchanges of space for drivers - pilots, passengers, cargo, as well as all the elements and mechanisms necessary for safe movement on the ground. In the mechanisms. In the front part of the main body 1 there are doors - transparent elements - frontal and side windows, made of impact-resistant glass or transparent plastic, rear and side view mirrors, low and high beam headlights, high beam. In the front and rear parts of the main body 1, light direction indicators, emergency stop indicators, fog lights are installed. In the headlights. In the back of the main body 1 mounted reversing lights and brake lights. The number of intermediate wings 3, 4 and their size is selected from the need to provide lifting force for take-off of the vehicle for movement through air and land at a separation speed and to ensure a stable and safe flight in the required speed range. So, to increase the lifting force, it is proposed to use more than two wings located in such a way that their negative mutual influence is minimal. All wings (lower 1, upper 2, intermediate 3, 4) are made in the form of aerodynamic profiles and are positioned in such a way as to provide minimal aerodynamic drag, maximum lift, necessary stability and controllability. The exact location and shape of the aerodynamic profiles is determined by aerodynamic calculation, and by a wind tunnel test. Wings 1, 2, 3, 4 are made by classical aviation technology. For the manufacture of wings 1, 2, 3, 4, all aviation materials are used - aluminum and titanium alloys, fiberglass and carbon fiber. End plates 6 and 7 are used for longitudinal stabilization of flight, and also significantly reduce induction resistance and air flow at the ends of wings 1, 2, 3, 4. The end plates 6 and 7 contain elements of control systems - traction, wires, gas lines, etc. The end plates 6 and 7 are made of the same materials as wings 1, 2, 3, 4. To improve the aerobatic properties of the vehicle for movement by air and ground, a mechanization complex can be performed on all wings 1, 2, 3, 4 or at least one or top 2, or bottom 1 or intermediate 3 or 4, or upper 2 and lower 1, or upper 2 and intermediate 3 or 4, or lower 1 and intermediate 3 or 4, or at least one intermediate 3 or 4 of the wings (at least one flap 14, at least one slat 13, at least one flaperon (not shown in FIG.) at least one interceptor 15, at least one aileron 12, at least one trimmer (not shown in FIG.), etc. So to reduce take-off distances and reduce landing speed at all or at least one or upper 2, or lower 1, or intermediate 3 or 4, or upper 2 and lower 1, or upper 2 and intermediate 3 or 4, or lower 1 and intermediate 3 or 4, or at least one intermediate 3 or 4 wings have at least one slat 13 and at least one flap 14. To reduce long paths, during landing at least one interceptor 15 can be used, which is fired at all or at least one or upper 2, or lower 1, or intermediate 3 or 4, or on upper 2 and lower 1, or on upper 2 and intermediate 3 either 4, or on lower 1 and intermediate 3 or 4, or on at least one intermediate 3 or 4 wings or end plates 5 or 6. Rudder 10, made by controlling pitch angle, aileron 12, made by controlling angle of heel, rudder 11, made by controlling yaw are used to control a device for moving through air and ground during flight, at least one trimmer is mounted on aileron 12, elevator 10, rudder 11 - to reduce the load on the controls. To increase the effectiveness of the aileron 12 is made in a vertical plane, in the upper part of the vehicle for movement through air and land in an amount of at least one - located in the middle above the upper 2 wing. If the specific configuration and dimensions of the vehicle for traveling through air and land require the need to increase the effectiveness of the aileron 12, they are made two, while they are the upper ends of the end plates. To further increase the effectiveness of the aileron, increase its size or install in the amount of three pieces - two above the end plates 5, 6 and one in the middle of the upper 2 wings. Aileron 12, like all wings 1, 2, 3, 4, is made using classical aviation technology from light and durable materials. The strength of the end plates 5, 6 provides the bearing capacity of the wings located above the main body 1, taking into account static and dynamic loads. The controls are controlled by air and ground movement. Air (flight) controls - the steering wheel (joystick) and pedals can be spaced with the ground (car) controls (for example, the steering wheel, gas pedals, brakes and clutches are located on the left driver’s seat, and the control wheel and directional pedals, gas sector, propeller pitch, etc. are located on the right pilot's seat) or combined (steering wheel and steering wheel are made in the same hybrid design, pedals of automobile engine control and aviation controls Ion engines are integrated on a single operator's site). The configuration of the dashboard is carried out depending on the decision on the separation or combination of driver and pilot seats. At the same time, the dashboard has all the necessary elements and devices for monitoring and control both when moving on the ground, and when moving (flying) through the air. Either internal combustion engines, or an electric motor, or an internal combustion engine and a jet engine, or an internal combustion engine and a turboprop engine, or a hybrid engine can be used to create traction when moving (flying) through the air (including taking off and landing). or jet engines.

The design of the elements for creating thrust when moving through the air (aircraft engines), their thrust, power are selected for specific design parameters, its take-off weight, and operating speeds. As practice shows, the operating modes of the engine for ground and air movement are mutually exclusive; in this regard, a vehicle for moving through air and ground can be made containing at least two engines (two groups of engines) - one (or the first engine group) for driving on the support wheels 7 (front, rear, all-wheel drive), the second (or second group of engines) for driving the air propeller 9 (one or more). The use of screw, turboprop and jet engines to create traction when driving on roads is possible, but not desirable, due to the increased noise and the presence of a jet air jet behind the propeller or jet engine nozzle, which can create discomfort for pedestrians in the immediate vicinity, residents of nearby houses and drivers of neighboring vehicles. To carry out movement on the ground, a classic automobile circuit is used with 4 support wheels 7 (2 at the front and 2 at the rear), while the drive can be carried out both on the front or rear wheels, and on all four wheels. For engine operation (if there are more than one) one or two types of fuel are used (for example: gasoline of one or different brands, or diesel fuel for all engines, or gasoline and diesel fuel for different engines), in a vehicle for traveling by air and the earth can be made containing a single fuel tank, gas pump and a number of other elements. The drive from the controls (steering wheel, pedals, etc.) to the controls (rudders, ailerons, etc.) can be carried out by rigid, cable, electric, wireless, mixed and other mechanisms. Driving a vehicle for moving through air and land while moving on the ground is no different from driving a regular passenger car, and driving a vehicle for moving through air and ground in the air is similar to driving a light aircraft of a traditional configuration. Some restrictions may include traffic on the road, take-off and landing with a strong crosswind, in view of the sufficiently large area of the end plates, but when conducting detailed aerodynamic tests and designing a specific vehicle for movement through air and land, their area can be reduced to the minimum necessary.

Claims (16)

1. A vehicle for movement through air and land, including: at least one element of creating traction; controls the lower wing, made in the form of the main body, adapted to accommodate at least an element to create traction, controls, seats for the operator; three support wheels holding the case, of which at least one drive; upper wing, located vertically above the lower wing; at least two end plates; at least one elevator made by the pitch control angle; at least one aileron made by controlling the angle of heel; at least one rudder made by the yaw manager; characterized in that it further comprises: fourth support wheel; at least one intermediate wing located below the upper wing, but above the hull, and so that the subsequent intermediate wing is located relative to the previous one shifted either forward or backward; and the thrust generating element is made comprising either an internal combustion engine, or an electric motor, or an internal combustion engine and a jet engine, or an internal combustion engine and a turboprop engine, or a hybrid engine; the upper wing, lower wing, intermediate wing are made having an aerodynamic profile and providing the creation of lifting force; the main body is additionally adapted to accommodate passengers and payload; end plates are made vertical and bearing, connecting the lower wing, the upper wing, at least one intermediate wing. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wing, either upper, lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one slat made either deflected or extended. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wing, either upper, lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one flap, made either deflected or extendable. 4. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wing, either upper, lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one interceptor made either deflected or extendable. 5. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one end plate is made having at least one interceptor, made either deflected or extendable. 6. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one wing, either upper, lower, or intermediate, is made having at least one spoiler, made either deflected or extendable. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one end plate is made having at least one spoiler, made either deflected or extendable. 8. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the thrust generating element is made comprising a propeller, which is made driven by either an engine or a turboprop engine, or an electric motor, or a hybrid engine. 9. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the element for creating traction is made transmitting movement to the wheels. 10. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the element for creating traction is made transmitting movement to an air propeller. 11. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the rudder made by the control yaw is located at a maximum distance from the transverse axis, for example, on the upper wing in the form of front-horizontal tail. 12. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body is made of either strong and light metal, either fiberglass or carbon fiber. 13. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body is made containing frontal and frontal windows in the form of transparent elements made of impact-resistant glass or transparent plastic, rear and side view mirrors, low and high beam headlights, direction indicators, emergency stop indicators, fog lights. 14. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body is made containing at the rear of the light direction indicators, emergency stop indicators, reverse lights and brake lights. 15. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the controls are made controlling the movement of air and land. 16. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of controlling air movement and the means of controlling movement on the ground are spaced, while the means of controlling air movement are performed comprising a control wheel, directional pedals, gas sector, screw pitch, control means the movement on the ground is carried out comprising a steering wheel, gas pedals, brake pedal, clutch pedal.