RU141779U1 - PUZZLE AND GAME-3D Puzzles (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of designing children's educational games, in particular, to board games such as "puzzles" with volumetric elements that have several levels of difficulty. The technical result consists in expanding the arsenal of puzzles for composing three-dimensional spatial forms and expanding the functionality of 3D puzzles. In addition, the shape of the game elements that make up the three-dimensional figure provides the fastening of polyhedra during assembly due to three-dimensional branching. The complexity of the game is ensured by the form and number of game elements that make up the assembly of a given figure according to a single assembly option with an internal connecting node. The technical result according to the first embodiment is achieved by the fact that the puzzle includes a detachable three-dimensional three-dimensional figure in the form of a cube, consisting of game elements in the form of irregularly shaped polyhedra, made with the possibility of interfacing with an internal connecting node of the “protrusion-groove” type, with each polyhedron formed by increasing the length of a single body in directions in the coordinate system, according to a utility model, the figure can additionally be made in the form of a parallelepiped or pyramid, or an avilable polyhedron or a figure of another entertaining shape, the figure consists of at least three game elements, while each polyhedron that makes up the figure has a branched three-dimensional shape in three directions of the coordinate system, consists of at least four united unit bodies , the connection of polyhedrons is performed in a unique way, the fastening of the internal connecting node is ensured by the three-dimensional shape of the game elements, which has branching in three directions iyam by coming protruding inner faces of a groove mating faces polyhedra. The technical result according to the second embodiment is achieved by the fact that the game is 3D puzzles, including a detachable three-dimensional three-dimensional figure in the form of a cube, consisting of irregularly shaped polyhedra, made with the possibility of interfacing with an internal connecting node of the protrusion-groove type, with each polyhedron formed by increasing the length of a single body in directions in the coordinate system, according to a utility model, the figure can additionally be made in the form of a parallelepiped or pyramid or regular polyhedron or figures of other entertaining shapes, the figure consists of at least three polyhedra, which are game elements and form a puzzle with the formation on the surface, which is visible to the user, of a complete composite graphic or mosaic image, with each polyhedron constituting a figure, contains a fragment of a composite graphic or mosaic image, has a branched three-dimensional shape in three directions of the coordinate system, includes at least four combined units bodies, while the connection of the polyhedra is performed in a unique way, the fastening of the internal connecting node is ensured by the three-dimensional shape of the game elements, which is branched in three directions, by entering the protruding inner faces into the groove faces of the mating polyhedra. The technical result according to the third embodiment is achieved by the fact that the game is 3D puzzles, including a set of game puzzles made in the form of three-dimensional volumetric figures with mating side surfaces with the possibility of their mutual conjugation and formation on the surface that is visible to the user of a complete graphic or mosaic image, the visible face of each figure - puzzle is made with a fragment of the aforementioned graphic or mosaic image applied onto it, while the game is equipped with graphic or mosaic images According to the utility model, each figure has the shape of a cubic body or parallelepiped, made detachable with a composite fragment of a graphic or mosaic image on each face, contains at least two game an element in the form of an irregular polyhedron, each of which contains a part of a composite fragment of a graphic or mosaic image, and the polyhedron consists of at least four The four combined unit bodies in the form of a cube or parallelepiped, or a combination thereof, is formed by increasing the length of the unit body and has a branched three-dimensional shape in three directions of the coordinate system, while the invisible faces of the game elements are made with the possibility of interfacing in the form of a protrusion-groove and form an internal connecting node, and the connection is made uniquely, the fastening of the internal connecting node is provided by the three-dimensional shape of the game elements with branching in three directions by entering protruding inner faces into the groove faces of the mating polyhedra. The game elements of the jigsaw puzzle according to the second and third options can be made of a flat blank of thin plastic or cardboard or other material with similar properties in a matrix or a scan with parts of image fragments for each game element, with each game element obtained by bending the edges to obtain protrusions and depressions. Joints of faces are fastened in any known manner, for example, by means of locking joints in the form of valves and slots made on the edges of the respective surfaces adjacent along the fold line, by means of magnets, glue or adhesive tape. Game elements of a jigsaw puzzle can be made in one piece from wood or plexiglass, with fragments of the image applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, indenting, printing, stickers, stamps, self-adhesive paper, burning or other known methods. Game elements of a jigsaw puzzle may be obtained by molding from plastic or other material, the elements being preferably hollow, fragments of the image applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, pressing, printing, sticker, branding, self-adhesive paper, burning or in another known manner. The game elements of the puzzle figure can be formed from plastic or wooden cubes, while connecting the cubes is carried out by making lock joints or joints on magnets at the joints of the cubes or by gluing or by any other known method, and the game is equipped with circuits that allow the assembly of each polyhedron. The game elements of the jigsaw puzzle may be made of foam rubber with fabric or other soft lining, preferably enhancing tactile sensations for the development of motor skills, while the lining is made of a workpiece cut into a matrix or a scan so that parts of the image fragments when pairing game elements coincided. Modeling the shape of game elements is carried out by permuting the length of the body of a single element in three directions. Additionally, the game according to option 2 is equipped with graphic or mosaic images that are identical to the images that form the interconnected game elements.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to the field of designing children's educational games, in particular, to board games such as “puzzles” with volumetric elements having several levels of complexity.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A well-known puzzle game (A.S. N 1417903, IPC A63F 9/10, published 08/23/1988) containing eight flat game elements of various regular geometric shapes, which is formed by elementary equilateral triangles, the number of which is from one to eight. Using a different number of game elements, composite images are obtained in the form of polyhedrons, and an equilateral triangle from all game elements is obtained uniquely.

The disadvantage of the game is a flat playing field.

The famous British puzzle Bedlam Cube (http://smartcube.ru/ British puzzle Bedlam Cube), which is a three-dimensional mosaic. It was invented by the British Bruce Bedlam (Bruce Bedlam) based on the idea of cubes of catfish Piet Hein (Piet Hein). The puzzle is a cube, with sides 4 × 4 × 4, consisting of 13 figures, of various configurations: 12 figures are composed of 5 cubes and 1 figure of 4 cubes, while 6 figures are symmetrical, and 3 of them are flat .

The main purpose of the puzzle is to put all the figures in a plastic box. At the same time, the assembly is multivariable. The set contains polyhedra of a planar shape, which are characterized by branching in two coordinates with a constant third coordinate, this does not provide engagement during assembly and requires a special box to assemble the figure. In addition, the game set cannot be used for playing puzzles.

A well-known game set, known as cubes of catfish (GB 1269503 A, А63Н 33/10, 1972.04.06), selected for the prototype puzzle (option 1) and games - 3D puzzles (option 2) for a single figure containing seven game elements T -shaped and U-shaped, which when connected form a 3 × 3 × 3 cube. Game elements are formed from a single cube by increasing the length of the body with the formation of protrusions and grooves. Six elements of the set are composed of four volumetric unit cubes, one of three. T-shaped polyhedra are formed by an increase in the length of a single cube in two directions, U-shaped polyhedra are formed by an increase in the length of a single body in three directions.

The set contains polyhedra of a planar shape, which are characterized by branching in two coordinates with a constant third coordinate, for example, plane parallelepiped, T-shaped elements that do not provide meshing during assembly. The main purpose of the puzzle constructor is to build volumetric structures from seven game elements. The game set cannot be used for playing puzzles.

Currently, there are a large number of different types and modifications of puzzles. The purpose of their collection is to obtain a single picture from the disassembled elements. The complexity of the puzzle is determined by the picture, but the main criterion is the number of elements - the higher it is, the puzzle is bigger and more complicated. The disadvantage of all existing puzzles is their assembly type - flat or convex or concave game elements are connected on a flat playing field in the form of a protrusion-groove.

Known board puzzle game (RU 96021, IPC A63H 33/0, A63F 9/12, published: 07/20/2010), selected for the prototype for option 3 of a set of game puzzle pieces, including a set of puzzle game elements made in the form of three-dimensional three-dimensional figures with curved mating lateral faces with the possibility of their mutual conjugation by means of the grooves and bulges provided therein and the formation on each flat surface in terms of a finished graphic image-drawing, with at least one of the flat faces of each game element a puzzle-formed coated with a fragment of said graphic-pattern image. The game is equipped with playing fields-substrates with marking for placement of game puzzle elements and / or graphic images-drawings, which are identical to the images that form game puzzle elements conjugated on a flat surface.

Volumetric puzzles simultaneously with the process of developing logical thinking and attention allow you to get an additional healing effect associated with the occurrence of the reaction of exteroreceptors of the fingers of the players ’hands - the development of motor skills.

The disadvantage of the useful model is the uniformity of the game elements, puzzles, limited functionality.

The utility model is presented in three versions.

The problem, which the new game for children is aimed at, consists in creating a combined game containing elements of the game of a puzzle-constructor, mosaic and puzzles (creating a game with logical construction systems).

The technical result according to option 1 is to increase the degree of complexity of the assembly for more efficient development of hand motility and the process of logical thinking in children. The shape of the game elements that make up the three-dimensional figure ensures the fastening of polyhedra during assembly due to three-dimensional branching.

The technical result according to the second option is to create a combined game containing elements of the game of the designer-puzzle and puzzles with an increased degree of complexity of assembly for more efficient development of hand motor skills and the process of logical thinking in children. The complexity of the game is ensured by the form and number of game elements that make up the assembly of a given figure according to a single assembly option with an internal connecting node. The proposed form of game elements constituting a three-dimensional figure - a jigsaw, provides the fastening of polyhedra during assembly due to three-dimensional branching.

The technical result according to the third embodiment consists in expanding the arsenal of sets of 3D puzzle games, in creating a combined game containing elements of a puzzle constructor game, mosaic and graphic puzzles with an increased degree of assembly complexity for more efficient development of hand motor skills and the process of logical thinking in children. The complexity of the game is ensured by the form and number of game elements that make up the assembly of a given figure according to a single assembly option with an internal connecting node. The detachability of each set figure and the branching shape of each game element expand the functionality of the game, while securing the game elements.

The game allows children to develop technical designing and modeling abilities, logic, imaginative thinking and spatial imagination, to increase amusement, to ensure the overall development of children from the youngest to the oldest age group. The use of manual motility allows you to get a healing effect.

The technical result according to the first embodiment is achieved by the fact that the puzzle includes a detachable three-dimensional three-dimensional figure in the form of a cube, consisting of game elements in the form of irregularly shaped polyhedra, made with the possibility of interfacing with an internal connecting node of the “protrusion-groove” type, with each polyhedron formed by increasing the length of a single body in the form of a cube in directions in the coordinate system, according to a utility model, the figure consists of at least three game elements, with each the third polyhedron making up the figure has a branched three-dimensional shape in three directions of the coordinate system, consists of no less than four united unit bodies, the polyhedra are connected in a unique way, the internal connecting node is secured by the three-dimensional shape of game elements with a branching three directions, by entering protruding inner faces into the groove faces of the mating polyhedra. Game puzzle elements are made of a flat blank of thin plastic or cardboard or other material with similar properties, with each game element obtained by bending faces to obtain protrusions and depressions that are fastened to joints by any known method, for example, through lock joints in the form of valves and slots made on the edges of the respective surfaces adjacent along the fold line, by means of magnets, glue or adhesive tape. Game elements are made integral of wood or plexiglass. Game elements are obtained by molding from plastic or other material, while the elements are preferably hollow. Game elements are formed of plastic or wooden cubes, while connecting the cubes is carried out by making lock joints or joints on magnets at the joints of the cubes or by gluing or by any other known method, and the game is equipped with circuits that allow the assembly of each polyhedron.

The technical result according to the second embodiment is achieved by the fact that the game is 3D puzzles, including a detachable three-dimensional three-dimensional figure in the form of a cube, consisting of irregularly shaped polyhedra, made with the possibility of interfacing with an internal connecting node of the protrusion-groove type, with each polyhedron formed by increasing the length of a single body in the form of a cube in directions in the coordinate system, according to a utility model, the figure consists of at least three polyhedra, which are game elements and form a puzzle with the formation on the surface, which is visible to the user, of a completed composite graphic or mosaic image, with each polyhedron constituting the figure, contains a fragment of a composite graphic or mosaic image, has a branched three-dimensional shape in three directions of the coordinate system, does not include less than four united unit bodies, while the polyhedrons are uniquely connected, the fastening of the internal connecting unit provides is the volumetric-spatial form of game elements, which has branching in three directions, by entering protruding inner faces into the groove faces of the mating polyhedra. In the particular case, the game elements of the puzzle figure can be made of a flat blank of thin plastic or cardboard or other material with similar properties in a matrix or a scan with parts of image fragments for each game element, with each game element obtained by bending the edges to obtain protrusions and troughs. Joints of faces are fastened in any known manner, for example, by means of locking joints in the form of valves and slots made on the edges of the respective surfaces adjacent along the fold line, by means of magnets, glue or adhesive tape. The game elements of the puzzle figure can be made in one piece from wood or plexiglass, with fragments of the image applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, pressing, printing, stickers, stamps, self-adhesive paper, burning or other known methods. The game elements of the puzzle may be obtained by molding from plastic or other material, the elements being preferably hollow, image fragments are applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, indenting, printing, sticker, branding, self-adhesive paper, burning or in another known manner. The game elements of the puzzle figure can be formed of plastic or wooden cubes, while connecting the cubes is carried out by making lock joints or joints on magnets at the joints of the cubes or by gluing or by any other known method, and the game is equipped with circuits that allow the assembly of each polyhedron. The game elements of the puzzle may be made of foam rubber with fabric or other soft lining, preferably enhancing tactile sensations for the development of motor skills, while the lining is made of a workpiece cut into a matrix or a scan so that parts of the image fragments when pairing game elements coincided. Additionally, the game is equipped with graphic or mosaic images that are identical to the images that form the interconnected game elements.

The technical result according to the third embodiment is achieved by the fact that the game is 3D puzzles, including a set of game puzzles made in the form of three-dimensional volumetric figures with mating side surfaces with the possibility of their mutual conjugation and formation on the surface that is visible to the user of a complete graphic or mosaic image, the visible face of each puzzle figure is made with a fragment of the aforementioned graphic or mosaic image applied onto it, while the game is equipped with graphic or mosaic images According to the utility model, each figure has the form of a cubic body, made detachable with a composite fragment of a graphic or mosaic image on each face, contains at least two game elements in the shape of an irregular polyhedron, each of which contains a part of a composite fragment of a graphic or mosaic image, and the polyhedron consists of at least four united egg bodies in the form of a cube, formed by increasing the length of a single body and has a branched three-dimensional shape in three directions of the coordinate system, while the invisible faces of the game elements are made with the possibility of interfacing in the form of a protrusion-groove and form an internal connecting node, and the connection is made uniquely, the fastening of the internal connecting node is ensured by the three-dimensional shape of the game elements, having branching in three directions by entering protruding inner faces into the groove faces of the mating polyhedra. In the particular case of execution, the game elements of the puzzle figure can be made of a flat blank of thin plastic or cardboard or other material with similar properties in a matrix or a scan with parts of image fragments for each game element, with each game element obtained by bending the edges to obtain protrusions and depressions. Joints of faces are fastened in any known manner, for example, by means of locking joints in the form of valves and slots made on the edges of the respective surfaces adjacent along the fold line, by means of magnets, glue or adhesive tape. The game elements of the puzzle figure can be made in one piece from wood or plexiglass, with fragments of the image applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, pressing, printing, stickers, stamps, self-adhesive paper, burning or other known methods. The game elements of the puzzle may be obtained by molding from plastic or other material, the elements being preferably hollow, image fragments are applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, indenting, printing, sticker, branding, self-adhesive paper, burning or in another known manner. The game elements of the puzzle figure can be formed of plastic or wooden cubes, while connecting the cubes is carried out by making lock joints or joints on magnets at the joints of the cubes or by gluing or by any other known method, and the game is equipped with circuits that allow the assembly of each polyhedron. The game elements of the puzzle may be made of foam rubber with fabric or other soft lining, preferably enhancing tactile sensations for the development of motor skills, while the lining is made of a workpiece cut into a matrix or a scan so that parts of the image fragments when pairing game elements coincided.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents options for full-body modeling of layers of a given shape (a, b - cube; c - parallelepiped) with the selected unit body in the form of a cube.

Figure 2 presents the game sets "game-3D puzzles" (the third version of the game) with printed fragments of graphic images on the game puzzles (a - a set of four detachable three-dimensional figures in the form of a cube, b - a set of eight detachable three-dimensional figures in the form of a cube).

Figure 3, similarly, presents the game sets "game-3D puzzles" (the third version of the game) with fragments of graphic images on the game puzzles (a - a set consisting of three detachable three-dimensional figures in the form of a cube; b - a set consisting of eight detachable three-dimensional figures in the form of a cube).

Figure 4 presents the model of the puzzle figure with two layers (2 × 2 × 2), consisting of two game elements.

Figure 5 presents a set of game elements with models of figures with three layers (3 × 3 × 3), consisting of two game elements.

Figure 6 presents variants of the puzzle figure model with three layers (3 × 3 × 3), (a - a figure consisting of three game elements; b - a figure consisting of five game elements; c - a figure consisting of five game elements.

Figure 7 presents a model of a puzzle figure with four layers (4 × 4 × 4), consisting of six game elements.

On Fig presents a model of a puzzle with four layers (4 × 4 × 4), consisting of seven game elements.

Figure 9 presents a model of a puzzle figure with four layers (4 × 4 × 4), consisting of eight game elements.

Figure 10 shows the model of scanning from cardboard (a - without magnets, b - with magnetic poles on the inner surface, d - in assembled form) and the stages of formation of the game element (c - connection of faces, d - in assembled form with magnetic poles S / N on the mating faces).

Figure 11 presents the options for the formation of game elements from single cubes and the connection option (a, b).

On Fig presents a variant of the formation of the game element from single cubes and a variant of the connection with the marking of the connected faces.

On Fig presents options for children's play sets (the third version of the game is 3D puzzles) (A - from plastic; B - from cardboard; C - from wood) for children from 3 to 5 years.

On Fig presents options for children's play sets (the third version of the game is 3D puzzles) made of foam rubber trimmed with fabric (A - unassembled; B, C - assembled) for children from 1.5 to 3 years.

On Fig presents variants of game sets for middle-aged and older children (A - puzzle (first option), B - (second version of the game - 3D puzzles) made of wood with drawing a picture by burning; C - puzzle (first option) from plexiglass) .

On Fig presents photographs that demonstrate the amusement and excitement of the puzzle game for various age groups (A and B - games - 3D puzzles (third option); B - puzzle (first option).

IMPLEMENTATION OF A USEFUL MODEL

A design feature of all technical solution options: a puzzle (first option), a game of 30 grooves from one figure (second option) and a 3D game of grooves from a set of figures (third option) is to perform the form of game elements that make up the original figure in the form of a cube. In particular:

- each game element contains at least 4 combined unit cubes;

- each game element is made in the form of a polyhedron with protruding and grooved inner faces with a three-dimensional branched shape in three directions in the coordinate system;

- the protruding and grooved inner faces of all the polyhedrons that make up the figure are mated and provide fastening of the connecting internal node;

- the connection of the polyhedra in the original figure is performed uniquely, while all the outer surfaces (faces) of the original figure are detachable.

Many of the game elements that make up the game or puzzle have a different non-repeating volumetric-spatial form, which makes the game entertaining, complicated, interesting. The following describes a method for creating three-dimensional forms of game elements.

For the design of all variants of the game, computer modeling is used that provides wireframe, surface and solid construction of models of game elements. The software module used for designing game elements provides work in a three-dimensional coordinate system. The sequence of actions for constructing models to obtain the construction of composite game elements may be different.

Modeled figures by the nature of the stereometric shape or frame can be conditionally divided into several groups. The first group includes forms formed by parallel-perpendicular planes - a cube and parallelepiped. The second group includes forms formed by planes and having non-perpendicular faces - pyramids, prisms, polyhedra. The third group includes all bodies of revolution and shapes formed by curved surfaces - a ball, cylinder, cone, shapes with parabolic and hyperbolic surfaces, etc. The fourth group includes countless simple and complex stereometric figures having straight and / or curved surfaces. In this description, modeling of figures of only the first group is considered. In game sets, the most common figures are in the form of a cube or parallelepiped. This is due to the fact that rectangular elements are most convenient for playing, are easily connected and allow children to develop spatial orientation.

The simulation method is as follows.

At the first stage, the construction of the shape of the puzzle and games - 3D puzzles. For puzzles and games - 3D puzzles (second option), consisting of one figure, choose the geometric form of the shape of the figure in the form of a cube. The necessary parameters (points and lines) are set according to the values of which, using the program, a wireframe model of the initial (assembled) figure is built and the model is visualized on the display screen.

Similarly, a set of initial (assembled) figures with a geometric shape in the form of a cube with mating lateral surfaces (the third option) is visualized on the display screen. The mating surfaces of the original figures can be modeled in various shapes with the possibility of their mutual mating, for example, convex-concave or wavy or equipped with bonds or special connecting elements. The sizes of the original figures in the set may be the same or have the same width, but vary in length or vary in length, width and height. The sequence of the location of the original volumetric figures in the simulated set, having different shapes and sizes, may be different. The location is set depending on the nature of the shape of the visible surface. For example, the surface shape of the typed figures may be in the form of a typewriter or other entertaining toy or object.

Next, surface modeling is carried out and images are applied to the outer surfaces of the variants of the figures and variants of the set (FIG. 2 and FIG. 3). Game sets - 3D puzzles are formed by age groups: for small children, young and middle-aged children and older children. If the game is intended for young children, the image may include fairy tale characters, funny pictures, letters or numbers, or objects or animals or other entertaining images or logical compositions. For middle-aged children, plots of children's films, cartoon characters, maps of the area, or other informative information expressed in a graphic image or pattern can be used as images. For older age groups of children can be depicted: geographical places, fantastic scenes, paintings by famous artists, geographical maps and other entertaining and informative images, drawings, compositions. At this stage of modeling, a puzzle figure or a set of figures with the completed composite graphic or mosaic image formed on the surfaces that are visible to the user is visualized on the display screen.

The next stage of modeling is the construction of the three-dimensional shape of the game elements with branching in three directions in the coordinate system and the construction of the game elements in the form of irregular polyhedra. To do this, carry out a full-body simulation in the interior of the selected figure. Puzzles in the form of a cube are known from the prior art, for example, with sizes of 3 * 3 * 3 or 4 * 4 * 4. The initial figure consists of unit cubes and has 3 or 4 layers of unit bodies in a three-dimensional coordinate system. Game elements in known analogues are obtained by increasing the length of the faces of a single body in directions in the coordinate system. The full-body modeling method that we use to build game elements allows us to expand the spatial and spatial forms of game elements and give them complex branching. The created wireframe models of figures in the form of a cube or parallelepiped have an internal space. The internal space is easily filled with similar unit bodies located in layers (Fig. 1 - a, b, c). Combining single bodies in the internal space, one can obtain various three-dimensional configurations and the branched form of simulated game elements with protrusions and troughs.

A full-bodied model can be constructed, for example, on the basis of a binary tree-like graph G = (V, U), where V is the set of vertices of the base bodies, U is the set of edges. When filling the internal space with layers of single elements, the program performs the necessary calculations and provides a set of descriptions of the model attributes: XYZ - coordinates of the point of attachment of the local coordinate system to the system of the whole object (figure), rotation angles, other metric parameters necessary for the subsequent construction of game elements.

Thus, as a result of full-body modeling, a three-dimensional model of the figure is obtained on the display screen, consisting of layers of selected unit bodies or a combination thereof, for which the surfaces of each unit body included in the layer are analytically described, and vertex coordinates, edge parameters, and other geometric characteristics are determined.

Various three-dimensional configurations and the branched shape of simulated game elements are obtained by combining single bodies in the interior in three directions and then separating the part from the whole. The complexity of the game is determined by the number of game elements and the form of their execution. Variants of the form of game elements and their number is set taking into account age groups. For young children, the number of game elements in the figure is selected from the series: 2, 3. For young and middle-aged children from the series: 4, 5, 6, 7. For the older age group from the series: 8, 9, 10 and more. To form a branched form of a game element on the outer surface of the model, one basic unit element is selected and the body is extended in three directions along the faces of other unit bodies that make up the layers. For an analytical description of the surface of a polyhedron, combined surfaces are distinguished, vertices and rotation angles are designated. The resulting polyhedron is separated from the figure, as part of the whole, i.e. the volume of the formed polyhedron is extracted from the volume of the figure. If more than two game elements are planned, similarly, a three-dimensional branched shape of the second game element is formed in the form of a polyhedron and the second polyhedron is extracted from the remaining part of the volume of the figure. The process of constructing game elements by sequential volumetric extraction of polyhedrons from the volume of the figure is carried out to a predetermined number of game elements.

Various forms of game elements constituting a given initial figure (puzzle, game-grooves from one figure) or a set of initial figures are obtained by rearranging the extent of the faces in three directions under the following conditions:

- all external surfaces (faces) of the original figure are detachable;

- each game element contains at least 4 combined unit bodies;

- each game element is made in the form of a polyhedron with protruding and grooved inner faces with a three-dimensional branched shape in three directions in the coordinate system;

- the protruding and grooved inner faces of all the polyhedrons that make up the figure are mated and provide fastening of the connecting internal node;

- the connection of polyhedra in the original shape is performed uniquely.

Application of the criterion of the only option for assembling game elements into the original figure allows you to create a large number of sets of figures with different spatial and spatial shapes. A full description of the design of the game element is provided by an analytical description of the surface of the polyhedron (vertex coordinates, edge parameters, rotation angles, and others).

After dividing the figure into game elements, the previously modeled images are superimposed on the surface of a detachable figure or a set of figures. For the puzzle game according to option 2, a fragment of a composite graphic or mosaic image is isolated on the surface of each game element. For the puzzle game according to option 3, a fragment of a graphic or mosaic image is allocated on each figure of the set; on each polyhedron of each figure of the set, a fragment of a composite graphic or mosaic image is selected.

The design of the described model allows you to build a matrix or scan for the manufacture of game elements from paper or plastic with an expanded image (Fig. 10 - c), set the manufacturing parameters for automated manufacturing and accompany visual materials and images in the manufacture of a set of puzzle games from single elements in the form cube (Fig. 12). In addition, additionally, on the inner surface of the sweep, places can be determined for placing special magnets with S / N poles at the interface points (in the internal connecting node) to facilitate assembly, attracting game elements to each other and fixing (Fig. 10 b, d )

OPTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING A USEFUL MODEL

Example 1. "Puzzle" - the first version of a technical solution. Figure 6-9 presents options for puzzles. The puzzle is made in the form of a cube, which is formed by game elements. The cube can be assembled from three game elements 1, 2, 3 in the form of polyhedrons (figa) or from four 1, 2, 3, 4 (fig.6b) or five 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (fig. 6c) or more game elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9). A puzzle can have various degrees of complexity and contain a large number of non-repeating volumetric-spatial forms of polyhedra from which a cube is formed. The number of game elements is modeled according to the method described above, using a full-body model (internal volume model), layer-by-layer filled with a single body in the form of a cube (figure 1). All polyhedra consist of at least four single cubes, have a three-dimensional shape with branches in three directions. When connecting the polyhedra of each puzzle figure (Fig.6 - Fig.9) form an internal connecting node of the type "protrusion-groove" and form engagement due to the occurrence of the protruding inner faces in the groove faces of the mating polyhedra (Fig.15 - A, B), however, the connection has a single assembly option. The puzzle game provides the effective development of hand motility due to the three-dimensional shape of the game elements, the increased degree of assembly complexity and the development of the logical thinking process in children due to the non-repeating form of three-dimensional branching of game elements. When assembling a three-dimensional puzzle figure, polyhedra are held together by three-dimensional branching. On Fig - In it is clear that the puzzle game is entertaining for adults. The preferred puzzle option for adults is a puzzle made of plexiglass (Fig. 15 - B), because the transparency of the polyhedra makes the figure assembly process even more complex.

Example 2. "Game - 3D puzzles" - the second version of the technical solution. The game - 3D puzzles containing one figure differs from the puzzle figure (first option) in that it contains graphic or mosaic images on surfaces that are visible to the user, and each game element contains a fragment of the image. The image on the outside of each face is composite. The completeness of the composite image on the faces is formed after assembling the polyhedra into a figure (Fig. 15 - B). The use of images on visible surfaces makes the assembly process entertaining. The game is attractive for middle-aged children and ensures the development of the logical thinking process by selecting the form of three-dimensional branching of game elements using fragments of images. The game - 3D puzzles according to the second option provides the effective development of hand motility, the fastening of polyhedra due to three-dimensional branching.

Example 3. "Game - 3D puzzles" - the third version of the technical solution. Figures 4 and 5 show examples of the simplest construction of a puzzle game set. Figures in the form of a cube (Fig. 4 - a, b) (Fig. 5 - a, b, c, d) consist of two game elements 1 and 2, each of which consists of four unit cubes, have a three-dimensional shape with branching in three directions. When connected, the polyhedra 1 and 2 form an internal protruding-groove type connecting node with engagement due to the occurrence of the protruding inner faces in the groove faces of the mating polyhedra, while the connection is performed uniquely. In Fig.13, Fig.14 and Fig.16 - (B) presents photographs of sets for the youngest children. Each detachable outer face of the cube, which is visible to the user, contains an image or image fragment, respectively, each game element contains an image fragment or part of an image fragment. To simplify the assembly, the inner edges of the mating game elements can be painted in the same color. To increase the level of complexity in the set, figures with three or more game elements can be used (Fig. 6 - Fig. 9).

The game set may consist of 4 or more figures (figure 2, figure 3) with a different number of game elements that make up the figure. Sets of high complexity can be modeled from a cube containing more than four layers of single cubes, for example 5 × 5 × 5 or 10 × 10 × 10 or otherwise. The difficulty level is selected depending on the purpose: for young children, primary and school children, for older children. The principle of the game - 3D puzzles for all difficulty levels are the same "from complex to simple." All figures are divided into parts and mixed. The user selects game elements by coincidence of fragments of images or part of a fragment and builds a figure. The completeness of the composite image on the visible surface is formed after aligning the figures in the desired sequence. To facilitate assembly, in addition, special magnets with S / N poles can be placed on the inner faces of the polyhedra at the interface points of the faces (in the internal connecting node). When connected according to the “hollow-groove” type, the game elements are attracted to each other (Fig. 10b, d).

Puzzle game elements and game options - 3D puzzles can be made of many materials with different assembly principles, while getting all sorts of difficulty levels.

The game elements of the figures can be made of a flat blank of thin plastic or cardboard or other material with similar properties in a matrix or a scan with parts of image fragments for each game element of the game — a 3D puzzle (figure 10). Each game element is obtained by bending the faces to obtain protrusions and depressions. Joints of faces are fastened in any known manner, for example, by means of locking joints in the form of valves and slots made on the edges of the respective surfaces adjacent along the fold line, by means of magnets, glue or adhesive tape. On the inner surface of paper or cardboard or plastic or other similar material, flat magnets can be glued at the interface points (Fig. 10b, d).

It is possible to manufacture elements of a puzzle or game set from wood (Fig. 15 - A, B) or plexiglass (Fig. 15 - C) on a 3d milling cutter according to models with an analytical description and design. On this equipment, polyhedra get monolithic. Images are applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, indenting, printing, decals, stamps, self-adhesive paper, burning, or in any other known manner.

Game elements of the puzzle figure can be obtained by molding from plastic or other material (Fig.13 - A, B). The figures can be made solid and hollow (preferably). Fragments of the image can be applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, indenting, printing, stickers, stamps, self-adhesive paper, burning, or in any other known manner.

Game elements of the figure can be created from plastic or wooden cubes by the user independently (Fig. 12). To connect the cubes to the game element, lock joints (Fig. 11) or connections on magnets are made at the joints of the cubes. Cubes can stick together, forming the shape of an irregular polyhedron. For the independent formation of game elements from cubes, the game set is equipped with circuits that make it possible to assemble all the polyhedrons that make up the figure. Magnetic elements in the places of interfacing of game elements, which simplify assembly, can be built into any game elements, including plastic or wood or other material.

Elements of a toy constructor can be made of foam rubber and sheathed with fabric (Fig. 14). The fabric is prepared in advance, while you can use various types of fabrics to enhance tactile sensations for the development of motility. Tissue images for the outer sides of the toy elements are cut into a matrix or a scan, stitched and then a prefabricated foam element is inserted into the fabric blank. High-quality preparation of the fabric sheathing is necessary so that the fragments of the pictures on the fabric, when the game elements are paired, coincide and form a complete image or pattern or logical composition. Thanks to this manufacturing method, the toy turns out to be soft and can be used when playing young children, because safe to use. A kind of soft toy can be the first construction toy, a 3d puzzle, a puzzle for the smallest children. For this age group of children, construction toys have not been identified. When playing, the child shows an interest in assembling a given plot, while the visual perception of the shape of the elements, the connecting node and the effect of obtaining a simple cube from complex elements are carried out.

On Fig (A) presents photographs showing the amusement of the game - 3D puzzle for young children. The use of manual motility allows you to get a healing effect. The detachability of each set figure and the branching shape of each game element expand the functionality of the game, while securing the game elements. Thus, the set of the game - 3D puzzles is a combined game containing elements of a puzzle constructor game, mosaic and graphic puzzles with an increased degree of assembly complexity for more efficient development of hand motor skills and the process of logical thinking in children.

The game allows children to develop technical designing and modeling abilities, logic, imaginative thinking and spatial imagination, to increase amusement, to ensure the overall development of children from the youngest to the oldest age group.

Claims (14)

1. A puzzle that includes a detachable three-dimensional three-dimensional figure in the form of a cube, consisting of game elements in the form of irregularly shaped polyhedra, made with the possibility of interfacing with an internal connecting node of the protrusion-groove type, with each polyhedron formed by increasing the length of a single body in in the form of a cube in directions in the coordinate system, characterized in that the figure consists of at least three game elements, each polyhedron has a branched three-dimensional shape along three m directions of the coordinate system, consists of at least four united unit bodies, while the polyhedra are connected in a unique way, the attachment of the internal connecting node is ensured by the spatial-spatial shape of the game elements, which is branched in three directions, by entering the protruding inner faces into the groove faces of the mating polyhedra. 2. The puzzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the game elements are made of a flat blank of thin plastic or cardboard or other material with similar properties, wherein each game element is obtained by bending the faces to obtain protrusions and troughs that are fastened to joints by any known by way, for example, by means of locking joints in the form of valves and slots made on the edges of respective surfaces adjacent along the fold line, by means of magnets, glue or adhesive tape. 3. The puzzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the game elements are made integrally from wood or plexiglass. 4. The puzzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the game elements are obtained by molding from plastic or other material, while the elements are preferably hollow. 5. The puzzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the game elements are formed of plastic or wooden cubes, wherein the connection of the cubes is carried out by making lock joints or connections on the magnets at the joints of the cubes or by gluing or by any other known method, the game being completed with circuits, allowing assembly of each polyhedron. 6. Game - 3D puzzles, including a detachable three-dimensional three-dimensional figure in the form of a cube, consisting of irregularly shaped polyhedra made with the possibility of interfacing with an internal connecting node of the “protrusion-groove” type, with each polyhedron formed by increasing the length of a single body in the form a cube in directions in the coordinate system, characterized in that the figure consists of at least three polyhedrons, which are game elements and form a puzzle figure with the formation on the surface, which is a view and the user, the finished composite graphic or mosaic image, with each polyhedron constituting the figure, contains a fragment of the composite graphic or mosaic image, has a branched three-dimensional shape in three directions of the coordinate system, consists of at least four combined unit bodies, while polyhedrons are uniquely connected, the fastening of the internal connecting node is ensured by the spatial-spatial form of game elements, region giving branching three directions, by entering the internal faces extending groove in the mating faces of polyhedra. 7. Game - 3D puzzles, including a set of game puzzles made in the form of three-dimensional volumetric figures with mating side surfaces with the possibility of their mutual conjugation and formation on the surface, which is visible to the user, of a complete graphic or mosaic image, and the visible face of each puzzle figure is made with a fragment of the aforementioned graphic or mosaic image deposited on it, while the game is equipped with graphic or mosaic images identical to the images that form interconnected game puzzle pieces, characterized in that each figure has the shape of a cubic body, made detachable with a composite fragment of a graphic or mosaic image on each face, contains at least two game elements in the form of an irregular polyhedron, each of which contains a part of a composite fragment of a graphic or mosaic image, the polyhedron consisting of at least four united unit bodies in the form of a cube and has a branched spatial in three directions of the coordinate system, while the inner edges of the game elements are configured to interconnect like a protrusion-groove and form an internal connecting node, the connection being made uniquely, the internal connecting node is secured by the spatial-spatial shape of the game elements with branching in three directions, by entering protruding inner faces into the groove faces of the mating polyhedra. 8. The game is 3D puzzles according to claim 7, characterized in that the game elements of the puzzle are made of a flat blank of thin plastic or cardboard or other material with similar properties in a matrix or a scan with parts of image fragments for each game element, each the game element is obtained by bending the faces to obtain protrusions and depressions, while the joints of the faces are fastened in any known manner, for example, by means of locking joints in the form of valves and slots made on the edges of the corresponding surfaces stey adjacent fold line by magnets, adhesive or adhesive tape. 9. The game is 3D puzzles according to claim 7, characterized in that the game elements of the puzzle are made in one piece of wood or plexiglass, while fragments of the image are applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, pressing, printing, stickers, stamps, self-adhesive paper, burning out or in any other known way. 10. Game - 3D puzzles according to claim 7, characterized in that the game elements of the puzzle are obtained by molding from plastic or other material, while the elements are preferably hollow, fragments of the image are applied to the visible edges of each game element by painting, pressing, printing, stickers, stamps, self-adhesive paper, burning or in any other known manner. 11. The game is 3D puzzles according to claim 7, characterized in that the game elements of the puzzle are formed of plastic or wooden cubes, while connecting the cubes is carried out by making lock joints or joints on magnets at the joints of the cubes or by gluing or by any other known method , moreover, the game is equipped with circuits that allow the assembly of each polyhedron. 12. The game is 3D puzzles according to claim 7, characterized in that the game elements of the puzzle are made of foam rubber with fabric or other soft lining, preferably enhancing tactile sensations for the development of motor skills, while the lining is made of a workpiece cut into a matrix or a scan , so that the parts of the fragments of the image when pairing game elements match. 13. The game is 3D puzzles according to claim 7, characterized in that the shaping of the game elements is carried out by rearranging the length of the body of a single element in three directions. 14. Game - 3D puzzles according to claim 7, characterized in that it is equipped with graphic or mosaic images that are identical to the images that form the interconnected game elements.

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