RU140300U1 - FELLING, BODY-CUTTING AND STRAINING MACHINE WITH DEVICES FOR STORING, PRESSING AND BINDING OF BITCHES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to logging machines used for the integrated harvesting of forest wood biomass. A machine is proposed that performs operations of felling, trimming knots and bucking trunks into assortments, as well as accumulating and holding knots, pressing them and bundling them into bags. The machine consists of a manipulator, a mounted felling-delimbing-and-cutting device (IED), a twig drive combined in one device with an IED, a device for pressing and bundling knots into bags, and an operator’s cab. The branch store is combined in one device with the ASRU and this device is hung on the manipulator. A device for pressing and tying knots is located behind the operator's cab. The operator's cab and manipulator are located on a rotating platform. An operator from the cab manages all devices. The machine allows you to receive assortments and packages of twigs.

Description

The scope of the claimed machine is the procurement of assortments, as well as packages of twigs. Packages of branches are designed for transportation and grinding into fuel chips. Fuel chips are later used as wood fuel for energy.

A known machine for felling, trimming knots, bucking, which consists of a base tractor and a shaft full-time, delimbing-cutting head mounted on the manipulator. The technological cycle of the machine includes pointing the head to the tree with the help of a manipulator. The tree is grabbed, the tree felled, the trimming of knots and the logging of the tree into assortments is carried out using a hinged head. The known machine allows you to get only assortments [1], [2].

The main disadvantages of this machine: knots in the process of cutting fall to the ground and after the technological cycle of the machine, branches are formed in a form with a low concentration scattered over a certain area. For their further use in order to obtain fuel chips, a separate special machine for collecting knots and their transportation is required. A special machine is also required for pressing the knots and strapping them.

There is also a machine that includes a manipulator equipped with a grip and a device for pressing and strapping branches. The principle of operation of the machine involves the collection of branches, the transfer and placement of branches in the receiving device, pressing branches and bundling them. This machine allows you to receive compressed and tied bundles of twigs [3].

The main disadvantages of the machine: the machine does not allow to receive assortments, but is intended only for receiving bundles of branches. Assortments require a separate machine or machine systems.

A machine close to the claimed includes a cone with semicircular knives for trimming, accumulating and tying knots. The cone is mounted on the manipulator and equipped with a bucking device. The branches are cut with a cone on a growing tree, accumulate, bundle and the finished package of branches is unloaded on the ground. After that there is a bucking of a tree trunk on assortments. The cone is put on top of a tree, with the help of a device for measuring lengths, measure the length of the assortment, this assortment is separated from the tree and the manipulator is laid on the ground. Then, in the same way, the following assortment is separated until the whole tree is bucked [4].

The main disadvantages. Low productivity. It is required to re-aim the manipulator when separating each subsequent assortment. The operation for trimming, accumulating and tying knots is performed as a separate independent operation. The departure of the manipulator is limited, which complicates the processing of several trees from one parking lot and the processing of tall trees. It is required to drive to each tree separately, which leads to a decrease in productivity, as well as to additional harmful effects on the soil of the cutting area due to machine maneuvers at the entrances to each tree. Since the tying mechanism is integrated into the delimbing cone, the cone is more bulky. All operations on both the accumulation and binding of branches, and the cutting of assortments must be continuously monitored by the operator.

Currently, more and more importance is attached to the development of bioenergy due to the involvement of logging waste in the form of knots in energy production. For processing knots into wood chips, chopping of knots using chopping machines is used. Grinding is carried out both in cutting areas and in a centralized way at terminals or production sites. Productivity of centralized grinding is three times higher than grinding in upper warehouses. Delivery of branches for centralized grinding is carried out in bulk (free) form or in the form of compressed and bundled packages. When exported in packages, the volume of exported branches increases by 2-2.5 times due to an increase in the coefficient of full wood, which reduces the cost of transportation. However, due to the fact that it is necessary to collect, press and tie the knots, additional costs arise.

The technical result of the proposed machine is to reduce the cost of complex harvesting at the same time assortments and bundles of branches by reducing the time spent on their production, in reducing energy costs associated with additional movements of the manipulator and additional maneuvers of the machines.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the cutting and accumulation of knots is carried out using a mounted felling-delimbing-and-cutting device (IED), combined with a drive of branches and hung on a manipulator, and pressing and strapping of knots is carried out using a device located on the rear frame of the base machine, while the drive of all devices is carried out from the hydraulic system of the base machine.

The proposed machine is shown in FIG. 1, where 1 is the rotatable operator’s cabin, 2 is the manipulator, 3 is the mounted feller-delimbing and cross-linking device, 4 is the twig stacker, 5 is the device for pressing and tying knots. In FIG. 2 is a left view of this machine.

In operation, the felling-delimbing-and-cutting machine with devices for accumulating, pressing and tying knots captures a growing tree using a mounted felling-delimbing-and-pulling device 3 mounted on the manipulator 2. A tree is felled and the process of pulling starts with simultaneous trimming of knots and bucking wood on assortments. In the process of pruning, knots do not fall to the ground, but accumulate in drive 4 and are held until the cutting of the whole tree is complete. After processing the tree, the branches in the drive 4 are transferred to the pressing and strapping device 5, which is located on the rear half-frame of the base machine 6, behind the cabin 1, which, in turn, together with the manipulator 2 is mounted on a full-rotary platform. The branches are unloaded into this device 5. After unloading, the process of pressing and bundling the branches begins without directly controlling the pressing process by the operator, and the operator proceeds to felling the next tree. After completing the process of receiving the package, the package is automatically pushed to the ground behind the machine. Thus, the use of this machine increases productivity in the integrated process of obtaining assortments and bundles of branches in comparison with well-known machines and systems of machines.

The proposed machine is devoid of the disadvantages of known machines, because in the process of cutting branches, branches do not fall to the ground, but accumulate in a special device, which does not require further collection. In parallel with the operation of the ASRU, the packages are pressed and bundled without the direct involvement of the operator. When pressing, the operator controls the manipulator during felling, cutting branches, bucking of the next tree. In this regard, there is no need to use separate machines for the production of packages from twigs.

According to research conducted at Petrozavodsk State University in 2010-2012, by reducing capital investment in the main machines and mechanisms, increasing productivity on the harvesting of knots (by 10-15%), the proposed machine can reduce the total cost of harvesting one cubic meter of stem wood and one cubic meters of branches on 16%. This reduces the costs associated with the operation of additional machines necessary, in the case of the use of known devices. The number of key personnel involved in the procurement of branches is reduced.

Bibliography:

1. Harvester - multifunctional logging equipment for logging [Electronic resource] / Internet-portal - Forest machines. Access mode: http://www.forestmachines.ru/info-harvester.html, free (access date: 03/14/2013).

2. Harvesters [Electronic resource] / Cats. Access mode: http://www.komatsuforest.ru/default.aspx?id=22460, free (access date: 03/14/2013).

3. Ozhgo V. Cleaners of the cutting area / V. Ozhgo // Special equipment, 2010. - No. 11. Access mode: http://www.spectechnika.com/en/filling/y-2010.n-11.html, free (accessed date: 03/14/2013).

4. Selivanov N.F. Non-waste technology of logging // N.F. Selivanov, L.A. Zanegin // Forestry, 1999. - No. 4. - from. 18-19.

Claims (1)

Felling-delimbing-and-cutting machine with devices for accumulating, pressing and tying knots, consisting of a mounted felling-delimbing-and-bucking device, a manipulator, a store of knots, a device for pressing and tying knots, characterized in that the felling-delimbing and bucking device and twigs are combined in one device, which is hung on a manipulator mounted on a full-rotary platform together with the operator’s cabin, a device for pressing and tying the twigs is located It’s on the rear frame of the base machine, and the device is driven from the hydraulic system of the base machine.

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