RU137613U1 - DRILL SOIL MANUAL SCRAPER - Google Patents

Abstract

A manual soil drill, represented by a cylinder with two blades, one of which is beveled clockwise and sharpened, and the other is beveled clockwise and turned inward, forming a helical plane, characterized in that in the proposed cylindrical drill both blades are wide in the lower part ¼ the circumference of the cylinder is chamfered in the direction of rotation at an angle of 14-15 °, has a welded tape screw scraper with a width ⅓ of the radius of the cylinder, the blades extended forward by 7 mm in the direction of rotation, the same part extends beyond the circle of the qi Indra 3 mm, and in the rear of the scraper blade pushed beyond a 7 mm blade.

Description

Usage: in agriculture and forestry, construction, in research projects of a biological profile, if necessary, obtain the characteristics of the aeration zone and obtain soil samples from various depths.

Manual soil drills based on tool rotation have a significant drawback. Parts of these drills require pressing into the soil. For example, it is necessary to press the central part of the auger drills, the central part of the drill, Rozanov (Edelman ¹ ) and Wojcław (Kaczynski, 1970). In the Boers of Izmail, Smertin and others (Rode, 1969), it is necessary to press the cutting lateral lobe. Drilling dry clay and frozen soils with such drills requires a lot of effort, and sometimes it is completely impossible.

An analogue of the proposed model is the Kachinsky soil drill (1970). It is represented by a cylinder with a diameter of 40-50 mm with two blades. One of the blades in the lower part is beveled, clockwise, pointed and has the shape of a “tooth”. This blade is pressed into the soil and, when rotated, cleaves the soil into the central part of the drill. The second blade is beveled clockwise and turned inward, forming a helical plane, the purpose of which is to move the loosened soil up and hold it when lifting the tool. In some designs, this part is welded. The disadvantage of the soil drill is the presence of a blade with a "tooth" and the combination on the opposite blade of the beginning of the helical plane (scraper) and the beginning of the blade. It is very difficult to push such a drill into a dry clay chestnut soil. Pressure on the drill is required up to 15-20 kg and more. This led to the use of all-metal heavy rods. When drilling to a depth of 1.5 m, a drill with rods must be raised and lowered 20-30 times. In addition, the serrated blade moves the soil in the horizontal direction, which also complicates the rotation of the tool. Often, two people perform drilling.

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Boer Rozanova in 1910 received a gold medal at the international industrial exhibition in Paris. The design of the drill Rozanov (Rode, 1969) and Edelman (electronic resource:

http://www.ecoinstrument.ru/upload/iblock/9db/catalog Eijkelkamp.pdf) is identical. Rozanov's priority is undeniable

The proposed soil drill has significant differences from the analog model.

The drill is represented by a cylinder with two blades, one of which is beveled clockwise and sharpened, and the other is beveled clockwise and turned inwards, forming a helical plane. It is also two-bladed, but devoid of a tooth-like detail as not conducive to drilling. Both blades are identical and have a cutting organ of the drill in the form of a scraper. He pushed forward the blade by 7 mm in the direction of rotation. During the rotation of the drill, soil 1.5–2 cm thick cleaves from the bottom up and the already loose mass is shifted to the central part of the drill into the space between the core and the blade of the drill. The proposed design does not have parts that need to be pressed into the soil, as a result of which drilling is greatly facilitated.

The model of the proposed drill is shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. Figure 1 shows a soil drill with clockwise rotation clockwise (side view), figure 2 is a section of the drill along aa, figure 3 is a view B, figure 4 photograph of the drill and the place of pairing of the blades of the drill and scrapers. The drill is cylindrical, with a steel height of 170-180 mm, a wall thickness of 3 mm, and a diameter of 50-60 mm. This is the optimal diameter that allows you to visually inspect the sample, take a sample of the sample in strict accordance with the depth for humidity, salinity, etc., determine the density of the soil and its hardness using additional measuring devices, take samples of groundwater, etc. Two blades are cut in the cylinder ( 1) the width in the final lower part ¼ of the circle. Up the blades expand. The lower part of each blade is beveled in the direction of rotation by 14-15 ° (α). This is the universal angle of entry of the scraper into the soil, which provides for filling the cylinder in 3-4 turns. In the manufacture of auger for clay soils, the angle can be reduced to 10-12 °, and for sand - increased to 17 °. A steel tape screw scraper (2) with a width ⅓ of the radius of the cylinder (B) is welded to the end of each blade at an angle of 90 °. In the direction of rotation of the drill, the scraper is extended beyond the blade by a distance of 7 mm (G). The extended part of the scraper is wider than the circumference of the cylinder by 3 mm (D), which ensures the expansion of the well and eliminates jamming of the tool. For better soil retention in the cylinder, the back of the scraper is extended 7 mm (E) beyond the blade. The size of the exit of the scraper beyond the blade by 7 mm and no more in the initial and final part is due to the need to avoid stopping the soil being chipped off to the upper final part of the opposite scraper. To align

As the walls of the well bore, a vertical scraper 30–40 mm long and 3 mm thick is welded to the lower outer part of the blade (3). A coupling with a thread (5) is welded to the top of the drill to the base of the cylinder (4) for screwing the rod. Due to the fact that the design of the tool allows drilling with a pressure on the drill of 5-7 kg, it became possible to use lightweight duralumin rods. The weight of such a rod with a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 150 cm is 0.9 kg, which is four times lighter than steel rods (Kulik, 1965).

Drilling by the proposed model is carried out by 1 person. The optimum size of the handle of the drill is 200 mm in radius. To fill the drill with soil, it is necessary to make 3-4 turns, while the drill deepens by 8-12 tons. Drilling wells to a depth of 1 m in dry clay soils is carried out for 6 minutes at a pressure on the drill 5-7 kg. When using the Kachinsky drill, it takes 20 minutes to do the same job with a pressure on the drill of 15-20 kg.

When using a drill on sandy dry soils, it is advisable to increase the width of the blade in the lower part and the width of the horizontal scraper to reduce the possibility of soil rash. To reduce the efforts to shear the soil, you can use the three-blade design of the drill.

Literature:

1. Kachinsky, A.N. Soil Physics: Ed. "Higher School", M. - 1970, - S.259-261.

2. Rode, A.A. Fundamentals of the doctrine of soil moisture. T II: Gdrometeoizdat. - L, 1969, - p. 74-87.

3. Kulik, N.F. Lightweight rod for a hand drill and formulas for calculating the number of works performed during drilling // Soil Science, 1965 No. 5. - p. 71-73.

Claims (1)

A manual soil drill, represented by a cylinder with two blades, one of which is beveled clockwise and sharpened, and the other is beveled clockwise and turned inward, forming a helical plane, characterized in that in the proposed cylindrical drill both blades are wide in the lower part ¼ the circumferences of the cylinder are beveled in the direction of rotation at an angle of 14-15 °, have a welded tape screw scraper with a width ⅓ of the radius of the cylinder, the blades extended forward by 7 mm in the direction of rotation, the same part extends beyond the circle of the qi Indra 3 mm, and in the rear of the scraper blade pushed beyond a 7 mm blade.

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