RU137350U1 - DEVICE FOR BURNING SOLID DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Installation for burning solid household and industrial waste, containing equipment for the separation and grinding of waste, a hopper feeder, a cyclone furnace with a tangential inlet, a decarbonization chamber equipped with a hopper and feeder for limestone flour, characterized in that along the vertical axis in the cyclone furnace plasma torches are installed, which are arranged in parallel rows along the inner circumference of the cylindrical furnace through 90º with a step of 25-30 cm along the height of the furnace. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 12 plasmatrons are installed in the furnace.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of solid domestic (MSW) and industrial waste (TPO) processing by incineration.

A well-known industrial complex for the disposal of municipal solid waste, containing a sequentially installed loading hopper, a solid waste incinerator, an afterburner, a heated air recuperator, a heat exchanger, a bag filter, a smoke exhauster, and a chimney. (RU 2455567, IPC F23G 7 \ 00, published on July 10, 2012)

A known installation for the thermal processing of solid household waste, including a chamber furnace, consisting of a combustion chamber with a hopper for loading waste and an ash removal outlet, an afterburner, a cyclone chamber communicated by a flue with a heat exchanger, an exhaust gas purification system (RU 2400671 C1, IPC F23G 5 \ 27, published on September 27, 2010).

The disadvantage of the above installations is that they are not designed to operate at high temperatures and do not allow the processing of solid waste containing polymer materials.

Closest to the proposed installation is a device for burning solid domestic and industrial waste, containing equipment for separation and grinding of waste, a hopper feeder, a cyclone furnace with a tangential inlet of a mixture of shredded waste, a decarbonization chamber equipped with a hopper and feeder for limestone flour, an air heater, heat exchanger, wet gas cleaning system (RU 2249766 C2, IPC F23G 5 \ 00, published on April 10, 2005).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of efficiency in burning waste and rendering harmless the resulting flue gases containing toxic substances: dioxins, polychlorobenzenes, furans.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of burning household and industrial waste containing organic and polymeric materials.

The technical result is obtained due to the fact that the installation for burning solid domestic and industrial waste contains equipment for the separation and grinding of waste, a waste hopper feeder, a cyclone furnace with a tangential inlet of the mixture of ground waste, a decarbonization chamber equipped with a hopper and limestone flour feeder, air heater, heat exchanger, wet gas purification system, but, unlike the prototype, plasmatrons are installed along the vertical axis in the cyclone furnace, which are located parallel to the row mi along the inner circumference of a cylindrical furnace through 90 degrees in increments of 25-30 cm along the height of the furnace. In addition, at least 12 plasmatrons are installed in the furnace.

Plasma treatment is widespread due to the high plasma temperature, a wide range of power control and the possibility of concentration of the plasma flow on the material being processed, while the plasma treatment effect is achieved both by thermal and mechanical action of the plasma by bombarding the material with plasma particles. The specific power of the plasma flow moving at high speed reaches 10-105 W / cm ² . Power plants reaches 150 kW. To generate a plasma arc, plasmatrons are used, which consist of the main nodes: electrodes - the cathode and anode, the discharge chamber, the plasma-forming substance supply unit (gas, steam). The presence in the furnace of plasma torches arranged in parallel rows along the inner circumference of a cylindrical furnace through 90 degrees with a step of 25-30 cm in height of the furnace intensifies the combustion process, due to the high temperature of the plasma arc and intensive heating of the entire volume of solid waste placed in the furnace.

In addition, to carry out intensive heating of the entire volume of solid waste placed in the furnace, the number of plasmatrons placed in it should be at least 12 pieces, with a smaller number of plasma torches, insufficient heating intensity does not allow achieving efficient burning of solid waste. By increasing the efficiency of burning solid waste, the formation of secondary dioxins in flue gases is also reduced.

In FIG. Installation diagram is shown.

A plant for burning solid household and industrial waste, includes equipment for the separation and grinding of waste, a waste hopper-feeder 1, a cyclone furnace 2 with a tangential inlet 3 of a mixture of ground waste, a decarbonization chamber 4, equipped with a hopper 5 and a limestone powder feeder 6, in a cyclone the furnace is coaxially installed with at least twelve plasma torches 7. The plasma torches are mounted on racks inside the refractory ceramic tubes of the cyclone furnace in parallel rows along the inner circumference through 90 degrees in increments of 25-30 m height of the furnace. As a plasma-forming gas, argon is used, which is brought through a pipeline with a valve from a metal high-pressure cylinder into the plasma torch chamber. As a power supply, a direct current source-rectifier or battery is used.

The operation of the device is as follows.

Before feeding into the furnace, the waste is separated, crushed to a particle size of 100 mm in equipment for the separation and grinding of waste (not shown). Then the crushed waste is fed through the tangential inlet 3 to the cyclone furnace 2. The electrodes are switched on, (the plasma-forming substance-argon is pumped into the feed unit), a plasma arc with a temperature of 1400-1450 ° C is generated in the plasma torches. There is an efficient burning of waste, the resulting slag is removed from the furnace 3 using an unloading unit (not shown). Due to the high temperature in the furnace, secondary dioxins are not formed in flue gases. Further, the flue gases pass through the flue into the decarbonization chamber 4. In the chamber towards the gas flow, limestone flour (CaCO ₃ ) is sprayed using the hopper 5 and feeder 6, which traps harmful contaminants in the flue gases (HCl SO ₂ , NO ₂ , furans) . As a result of thermal decomposition, limestone flour turns into quicklime (CaO).

Thus, in the decarbonization chamber, the formation of dioxins, which are formed on the surface of fly ash in the presence of chlorine compounds, is minimized to the complete exclusion. Further, the combustion products are cooled and sent to the wet cleaning system, where harmful contaminants (HCl, SO ₂ , NO ₂ ), furans are finally disposed of. A wet scrubber is used as a wet gas scrubber. Purified combustion products are released into the atmosphere. The resulting product is not slaked lime and heat is supplied to consumers.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for burning solid household and industrial waste, containing equipment for the separation and grinding of waste, a hopper feeder, a cyclone furnace with a tangential inlet, a decarbonization chamber equipped with a hopper and feeder for limestone flour, characterized in that along the vertical axis in the cyclone furnace plasma torches are installed, which are arranged in parallel rows along the inner circumference of a cylindrical furnace through 90º with a step of 25-30 cm along the height of the furnace. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 12 plasmatrons are installed in the furnace.

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