RU134581U1 - HYDRODYNAMIC STAND FOR MODELING THE OPERATION OF HORIZONTAL OIL AND GAS WELLS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Hydrodynamic bench for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells, containing a horizontal pipe in the form of series-connected separate pipe sections of optically transparent material, a perforation interval module consisting of a body, a pipe with through holes evenly distributed over its surface, a filler in the internal cavity of the body and inlets for supplying water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, couplings, a removable cover-plug at the entrance to a horizontal pipe with entries for a linear supply of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, a system for supplying and regulating the flow of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, consisting of tanks with water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, pumps, compressor, pipelines, shut-off and control devices, water flow meters, hydrocarbon liquid and meters gas, temperature sensors, jacks and information-measuring complex, characterized in that it additionally includes a liquid flow linearizer, two flow-through electric liquid heaters, a portable electronic a level gauge and a video recorder, while in the module of the interval of perforations the body, the pipe with through holes evenly distributed on its surface and the filler are made of optically transparent material, the linearizer of the fluid flow is placed at the inlet inside the horizontal pipe, flowing electric heaters of the liquid are included in the perforation interval and removable lid-plug at the inlet pipelines for water and hydrocarbon liquids in such a way that provide the possibility of heating a single liquid relative

Description

The utility model relates to the field of geophysics, designed to simulate the processes of three-phase fluid flows (water, oil, gas and their mixtures) actually observed in horizontal wells and can be used to study the flow structure in a horizontal wellbore, to study the interaction of the flow with various sensors and downhole equipment, testing and improvement of specialized downhole equipment designed for geophysical exploration of horizontal wells.

A well-known hydrodynamic bench for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells, containing a horizontal pipe in the form of separate sections of glass pipes connected in series, a perforation interval module consisting of a housing, pipes with through holes evenly distributed across its surface, a filler in the internal cavity of the housing and feed inlets water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, a system for supplying and regulating the flow of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, consisting of tanks with water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, pumps, compressor, pipelines, shut-off and regulating devices, water flow meters, hydrocarbon liquid and gas meters, temperature sensors, jacks, video recorder and information-measuring complex (Yarullin R.K. Hydrodynamic stand for studying flow characteristics in horizontal wells // NTV Karotazhnik. Tver: AIS Publishing House, 2004, issue 127, p.118-123).

The disadvantages of the known hydrodynamic stand are:

- the inability to form a laminar flow pattern in the pipe at relatively high flow rates of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas at the entrance to the horizontal pipe;

- the inability to obtain two dissimilar liquid phases with different temperature values, i.e. to simulate a non-isothermal process;

- the lack of a measuring device that allows you to set the path of the pipe of the desired configuration;

- the inability to get a visual picture of the internal structure of the flow along the cross section of the pipe at any point in it, since in this device the DVR is designed to allow observation and recording only outside the pipe;

- the inability to obtain a visual picture of the flow structure in the interval of the perforations and to record it due to the fact that the box module of the interval of perforations and the perforated segment of the casing pipe placed in it are made of metal.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model is a hydrodynamic bench for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells, containing a horizontal pipe in the form of series-connected separate pipe sections of optically transparent material, a perforation interval module consisting of a body, pipes with through holes evenly distributed over its surface filler in the internal cavity of the housing and inlets for supplying water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, connecting couplings you, a removable cover-plug at the entrance to a horizontal pipe with inputs for separate supply of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, a system for supplying and regulating the flow of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, consisting of containers with water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, pumps, a compressor, pipelines, shut-off and control devices, water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas meters, temperature sensors, jacks and information-measuring complex (Valiullin R.Α., Yarullin R.K., Yarullin A.R., Shako V.M., Parshin A.V. Development of criteria for distinguishing working intervals in low-production horizontal wells based on physical experiment and well research // SPE 136272 Report at the Russian Oil and Gas Technical Conference and SPE Exhibition for Exploration and Production. October 26-28, 2010, All-Russian Exhibition Center Moscow. DOI 12.2118 / 136272-RU). The disadvantages of the hydrodynamic stand, selected as a prototype, are:

- the inability to form a laminar flow pattern at relatively high flow rates of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas at the entrance to a horizontal pipe;

- the inability to obtain two dissimilar liquid phases with different temperature values, i.e. to simulate a non-isothermal process;

- the lack of a measuring device that allows you to set the path of the pipe of the desired configuration;

- the inability to get a visual picture of the internal structure of the flow along the cross-section and length of the pipe due to the lack of a DVR in this device;

- the inability to get a visual picture of the internal structure of the flow in the interval of the perforations and to record it due to the fact that, firstly, the box module perforation interval and placed in it a perforated segment of the casing are made of metal and, secondly, for the lack of a DVR;

- low chemical resistance of the material of the couplings to hydrocarbon liquids.

The problem to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to improve the well-known hydrodynamic stand, as well as increase its operational reliability.

This task is achieved due to the fact that in a well-known hydrodynamic bench for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells, containing a horizontal pipe in the form of series-connected separate pipe sections of optically transparent material, a perforation interval module consisting of a body, pipes with through holes evenly distributed over its surface , filler in the inner cavity of the housing and inlets for supplying water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, couplings, a removable cover-plug at the entrance to a horizontal pipe with inputs for separate supply of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, a system for supplying and regulating the flow of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, consisting of containers with water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, pumps, compressor, pipelines, shut-off and control valves devices, flowmeters of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas meters, temperature sensors, jacks and an information-measuring complex, an additionally introduced liquid flow linearizer, two flowing electric liquid heaters , a portable electronic level gauge and a video recorder, while in the module of the interval of perforations the body, the pipe with through holes evenly distributed over its surface and the filler are made of optically transparent material, the linearizer of the fluid flow is placed at the inlet inside the horizontal pipe, flowing liquid electric heaters are included in the supply to the module the interval of perforations and a removable cover-plug at the inlet pipelines for the supply of water and hydrocarbon liquid in such a way that provide the possibility of loading Eva of one fluid relative to another, a portable electronic level gauge is placed on the upper surface of the horizontal pipe, the DVR is designed to allow it to be placed in the fluid flow inside the horizontal pipe, temperature sensors are located in the water and hydrocarbon fluid supply pipelines at their junctions with the perforation interval module and removable a cover plug at the entrance to the horizontal pipe, and the couplings are made of elastic material resistant to hydrocarbon liquids.

In addition, the module body of the perforation interval is made in the form of a run-through body, into the ends of which a pipe with through holes evenly distributed over its surface is inserted, inlets on the opposite side surfaces of the run-through body are placed for supplying water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, each output of the input to the internal the cavity of the swaged body is connected to the tube, through holes are made on its lateral surface, the end of the tube itself is plugged, in the places where the pipe is connected to the ends of the swaged body seals, the internal cavity of the drive body is filled with filler, and the inner diameter of the module pipe is equal to the inner diameter of the horizontal pipe.

In addition, the fluid flow linearizer contains a set of tubes oriented along the pipe axis and a flat rectangular plate, one end of a flat rectangular plate is fixed on the end surface of the set of pipes, and its opposite end is fixed on the inner surface of the cap-plug at the entrance to a horizontal pipe, a set of tubes in cross section it has the form of a circle with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the horizontal pipe, the width of a flat rectangular plate is equal to the diameter of the circumference of the cross section tubes, the side surface of the flat rectangular plate are adjacent to the inner surface of the tube and are at the same distance from the bottom of the forming pipe, and the length of each tube is not less than 10 times its inner diameter.

The technical result provided by the given set of features is to create a design of a hydrodynamic stand, providing a closer approximation to the processes in existing horizontal wells and to increase the information return from the hydrodynamic stand by providing visual monitoring of the flow structure in the interval of perforations and in the cross section of the pipe.

The required technical result is ensured by the presence of the above distinctive features together with undoubted applicability in the oil industry, and the absence in the sources of patent and technical information known to the applicant of equivalent technical solutions with the same properties allows us to conclude that the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of the “utility model”.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a hydrodynamic bench, Fig. 2 shows a linearizer of the fluid flow at the inlet inside a horizontal pipe, and Fig. 3 shows a module of the perforation interval.

The horizontal stand for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells contains a horizontal pipe 1 in the form of series-connected separate pipe sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, made of optically transparent material, for example, glass or organic glass, the interval module perforations 10. Pipes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and the module of the interval of perforations 10 are connected using couplings 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, made of oil-petrol-resistant material .

The removable cover-plug 19 at the entrance to the horizontal pipe contains an input 20 for supplying water, an input 21 for supplying a hydrocarbon liquid, and an input 22 for supplying gas. Temperature sensors 23, 24 are placed in pipelines for supplying water and hydrocarbon liquid in the places of their connection with the inlets 20, 21 with a removable cover-plug 19.

A removable cap-cap 27 is located at the outlet of the horizontal pipe. The fluid flow linearizer 28 is placed at the inlet inside the horizontal pipe 1, (9) and contains a set of tubes 73 oriented along the pipe axis and a flat rectangular plate 74. One end of the flat rectangular plate is fixed to the end surface 75 of the set of pipes, and its opposite end is fixed to the inner surface 76 of the removable cap-plug 19 at the entrance to a horizontal pipe. The set of tubes 73 in cross section has a circle shape with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the horizontal pipe. The width of the flat rectangular plate 74 is equal to the diameter of the circumference of the cross section of the set of tubes. The lateral surfaces 77, 78 of the flat rectangular plate 74 are adjacent to the inner surface of the pipe 1, (9) and are at the same distance from the lower generatrix 79 of the pipe. The length of each tube is not less than 10 times its internal diameter. The plate 74 divides the inner cavity of the pipe into two separate cavities 80 and 81, which eliminates the mixing of water and hydrocarbon liquid before they approach the set of tubes 73.

The DVR 29 is placed inside a horizontal pipe, placed in a sealed water-oil-gas-resistant housing and can be located on any part of the pipe. Enter the DVR into the inner cavity of the pipe through the neck 30, 31.

The jacks 33, 34, 35, 36. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 are placed on the stand-base of the stand and with their help the required trajectory of the trunk of the horizontal pipe is set.

A portable digital level gauge 32 is located on the upper surface of the pipe.

The system for supplying and regulating the flow of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas 42 consists of a tank with water 43, a tank with hydrocarbon liquid 44, a tank with gas 45, pumps 46 and 47, respectively, for supplying water and a hydrocarbon liquid, a compressor 48 for supplying gas, a channel pipe water 49, a pipeline for a channel of hydrocarbon liquid 50, a gas pipeline 51, a first flow-through electric heater of liquid 71 and a second flow-through electric heater of liquid 72, shut-off and control devices 54, 55, 56, 57 of the water supply channel, shut-off and control their devices 58, 59, 60, 61 of the hydrocarbon liquid supply channel, shut-off and control devices 62, 63, 64 of the gas supply channel, water flow meters 65, 66, hydrocarbon liquid flow meters 67, 68 and gas meters 69, 70.

Flow electric heaters of liquids 71 and 72 are included in the pipelines for supplying water and hydrocarbon liquid to the perforations 10 and the removable cover-plug at the inlet 19 in such a way that they allow heating of one liquid relative to another

At the outlet of the horizontal pipe, the mixture of water and hydrocarbon liquid through the pipeline 52 enters the tank with water 43, where the hydrocarbon liquid is also stratified, as less dense, through the pipe 53 enters the tank 44.

As a hydrocarbon liquid, liquids close to oil in specific gravity and viscosity, for example, diesel fuel, various oils, can be used. As gas, atmospheric air can be used.

The module of the interval of perforations 10 contains a housing made of organic glass in the form of a driving body 86, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped. A pipe 82 made of organic glass with through holes 83 evenly distributed over the pipe surface 83 is inserted through the ends 84 and 85 of the driving body 86. Seals 87 and 88 are respectively made at the junctions of the pipe 82 with the ends 84 and 85 of the driving body. The inner diameter of the pipe 82 is equal the inner diameter of the horizontal pipe 1.

On opposite lateral surfaces 89 and 90 of the driving body 86, inlets 91 and 92 are respectively arranged for supplying water, a hydrocarbon liquid, and a gas. The outputs of the inputs 91 and 92 into the inner cavity 93 of the driving body are connected respectively to the tubes 94 and 95, through holes 96 and 97 are made on the lateral surfaces of the tubes, and plugs 98 and 99 are provided at the ends of the tubes. The inner cavity 93 of the driving body is filled with a transparent filler, for example , glass balls of different diameters (not shown in figure 3). Using external hoses, the bushings 91 and 92 are connected to each other in the desired configuration (not shown in FIG. 3). The temperature sensors 25, 26 are located in the pipelines for the supply of water and hydrocarbon liquid in the places of their connection with the module of the interval of perforations 10. The hydrodynamic stand works as follows.

Pre-jacks 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 set the desired trajectory of the horizontal pipe trunk. The trunk trajectory can be set horizontal, descending, ascending, undulating and combined, including several of the types listed above. Monitoring the slope of the pipe as a whole and its individual sections is carried out by a portable digital level gauge 32.

Using compressor 48, tank 45 is filled with gas (in this case, atmospheric air) to a certain pressure. When you turn on the pumps 46, 47 and open the shut-off and control devices 54, 55, 58, 59, 62, the components of the oil and gas stream water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas through pipelines 49, 50, 51 are supplied, but not yet enter the perforation interval module 10 and horizontal pipe inlet 1.

When the locking and control devices 57, 61, 64 are opened, water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas through separate entries 20, 21, 22 in the removable cover-plug 19 enter the internal cavity of the horizontal pipe 1. Plate 74 of the linearizer of the fluid flow 28, the internal cavity at the inlet into a horizontal pipe 1 is divided into two cavities isolated from each other: the lower 81, where water enters and the upper 80, where the hydrocarbon liquid and gas enter. The plate 74 eliminates mixing of the supplied components and provides their separate supply to the set of tubes 73. The execution of each tube in a set at least 10 times longer than its diameter makes it possible to equalize the velocity field of the liquid components at the inlet and thereby ensure a laminar flow regime at relatively large flow rates of water and hydrocarbon fluid.

Sensors 23, 24, which are located in the pipelines for supplying water and hydrocarbon liquids in the places of their connection with the removable cover-plug 19, control the temperature of water and hydrocarbon liquids at the entrance to the horizontal pipe. The flow rate of liquids is controlled by flow meters 65, 67, and the gas flow rate is controlled by a gas meter 69. Signals from temperature sensors 23, 24, flow meters 65, 67 and a gas meter 69 are sent to the information-measuring complex (not shown in FIG. 1).

When the locking and control devices 56, 60, 63 are opened, water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas through the inlets 91, 92 enter the tubes 94, 95 of the perforation interval module 10. Passing through the openings 96, 97 in the tubes 94, 95, the components of the oil and gas flow are distributed throughout the length of the module and then, passing through a layer of transparent filler in the cavity 93, enter through the perforations 83 into the internal cavity of the transparent pipe 82, where they are mixed with the fluid flow coming from the entrance to the horizontal pipe.

Using the module of the interval of perforations allows you to simulate the introduction of one of the three components of the stream or their combination with a given flow rate. The implementation of the module body of the interval of perforations, pipes with perforations and filler from an optically transparent material allows you to visually observe the structure of the stream along the entire length of the module, and also, if necessary, make a video.

Sensors 25, 26, which are located in the pipelines for supplying water and hydrocarbon liquid in the places of their connection with the module of the interval of perforations 10, control the temperature of water and hydrocarbon liquid. The flow rate of liquids is controlled by flow meters 66, 68, and the gas flow rate is controlled by a gas meter 70. Signals from flow meters 66, 68 and gas meter 70 are sent to the information-measuring complex (not shown in FIG. 1).

With de-energized flow-through electric heaters 71 and 72, the water and hydrocarbon liquid flowing through them will not heat up. When applying a supply voltage to instantaneous electric heaters, liquids will be heated. Installation and maintenance of the set temperature for heating the liquid is carried out with the help of a temperature regulator built into the instantaneous electric heater.

In the claimed technical solution, there are four possible options for switching on flow-through electric heaters of liquids 71 and 72. In this case, it remains important to ensure overheating of one fluid relative to another, supplied both to the perforation interval module and to the pipe inlet, i.e. simulation of non-isothermal process of flow of dissimilar liquids. So the first option involves switching on according to the scheme in figure 1, where the electric heaters 71 and 72 are shown in solid lines. The second option involves the inclusion of the circuit in figure 1, where the electric heaters 71 * and 72 * are shown in dashed lines. The third option involves switching on according to the scheme in FIG. 1, where the electric heater 71 is shown by a solid line, and the electric heater 71 ∗ by a dashed line. The fourth option involves the inclusion of the circuit in figure 1, where the electric heater 72 ∗ is depicted by a dashed line, and the electric heater 72 by a solid line.

By injecting optically contrasting fluid into the inlet pipes of the perforation interval module and the removable plug cover at the inlet to the pipe, one can study the flow structure and visually observe the distribution and progress of the colored liquid in the perforation interval module, in individual sections of the pipe and throughout the pipe as a whole.

The presence of the DVR 29, placed in a sealed water-oil-gas-resistant housing and placed inside a horizontal pipe, allows you to get a visual picture of the internal structure of the stream along the pipe section. So, for example, entering the DVR through the neck 31 and placing it in the pipe section 5 allows you to observe and, if necessary, record the flow pattern along the pipe section at the entrance to the perforation interval module, and entering the DVR through the neck 30 and placing it in the pipe section 4 allows do the same, but only at the outlet of the stream from module 10, where the stream passing through the perforations is mixed with the stream coming from the entrance to the pipe. As a DVR, for example, a WEB camera can be used.

The execution of the couplings 11, 12, 13. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 from an elastic material resistant to hydrocarbon liquid allows, all other things being equal, to increase the flexibility of the pipe layout as a whole and to increase the life of the hydrodynamic stand and thereby increase its operational reliability .

The hydraulic system of the stand is designed in such a way that allows you to reuse water and hydrocarbon fluid in a closed cycle.

Thus, the claimed technical solution in comparison with the well-known most fully reflects the processes occurring in existing horizontal wells, has a large information return and also has increased operational reliability.

Claims (3)

1. Hydrodynamic bench for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells, containing a horizontal pipe in the form of series-connected separate pipe sections of optically transparent material, a perforation interval module consisting of a body, a pipe with through holes evenly distributed over its surface, a filler in the internal cavity of the body and inlets for supplying water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, couplings, a removable cover-plug at the entrance to a horizontal pipe with entries for a linear supply of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, a system for supplying and regulating the flow of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, consisting of tanks with water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas, pumps, compressor, pipelines, shut-off and control devices, water flow meters, hydrocarbon liquid and meters gas, temperature sensors, jacks and information-measuring complex, characterized in that it additionally includes a liquid flow linearizer, two flow-through electric liquid heaters, a portable electronic a level gauge and a video recorder, while in the module of the interval of perforations the body, the pipe with through holes evenly distributed on its surface and the filler are made of optically transparent material, the linearizer of the fluid flow is placed at the inlet inside the horizontal pipe, flowing electric heaters of the liquid are included in the perforation interval and removable lid-plug at the inlet pipelines for water and hydrocarbon liquids in such a way that provide the possibility of heating a single liquid relative A completely different, portable electronic level gauge is located on the upper surface of the horizontal pipe, the DVR is designed to allow it to be placed in the fluid stream inside the horizontal pipe, temperature sensors are located in the water and hydrocarbon liquid supply pipelines at their junctions with the perforation interval module and a removable cover cap at the entrance to a horizontal pipe, and the couplings are made of a material resistant to hydrocarbon fluid. 2. The hydrodynamic bench for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that the module body of the perforation interval is made in the form of a flowing body, into the ends of which a pipe with through holes evenly distributed over its surface is inserted through, on opposite side surfaces of the flowing body entries for the supply of water, hydrocarbon liquid and gas are placed, each output of the input into the internal cavity of the driving body is connected to a tube, on the side surface of which are made oznye holes plugged end of the tube, at the interface with the ends of the pipe body formed purlins seal the inner cavity of the body filled with filler purlins, and an inner diameter of the tube module is made equal to the inner diameter of the horizontal tube. 3. The hydrodynamic bench for modeling the operation of horizontal oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluidizer linearizer contains a set of tubes oriented along the pipe axis and a flat rectangular plate, one end of a flat rectangular plate is fixed to the end surface of the set of pipes, and its opposite the end face is fixed on the inner surface of the cap-plug at the entrance to the horizontal pipe, the set of tubes in cross section has the form of a circle with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the horizon of the pipe, the width of the flat rectangular plate is equal to the diameter of the circumference of the cross section of the set of tubes, the side surfaces of the flat rectangular plate are adjacent to the inner surface of the pipe and are at the same distance from the lower generatrix of the pipe, and the length of each tube is not less than 10 times its internal diameter.

Images