RU132739U1 - INSTALLATION FOR PROCESSING BOTTOM OIL SLUDGES, OIL SANDS, COMBUSTIBLE SHEETS AND OTHER SIMILAR RAW MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Installation for the processing of bottom sludge and oil sands, consisting of a thermolysis reactor, a solid product refinement reactor, a bag filter with short-cycle reverse purge located between the two reactors, loading and unloading sluice feeders, a condenser of liquid reaction products discharged from the bottom of the pipe collector condenser, refrigerator-condenser for gas compressed by the compressor, a three-phase separator connected in series by a condenser refrigerator, air o compressor for supplying air to the refining reactor, characterized in that both reactors are cylindrical pipes with a spiral propeller of raw materials and solid reaction products rotating through them through successively located thermolysis reactor, filter, and refining reactor. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that for supplying circulating gas from a three-phase separator to the inlet of the thermolysis reactor, they are connected by a pipeline. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that for supplying air for refinement of solid reaction products to the rear end of the refining reactor, the latter is connected by a pipeline to a compressor. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a bag filter with short-cycle reverse blowing is used, which is supplied with gas from a three-phase separator. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermolysis reactor is equipped with at least one additional engaging self-cleaning spiral propulsion.

Description

Installation for the processing of bottom oil sludge, oil sands, oil shale and other similar raw materials.

As is well known, a significant number of hydrocarbon deposits are in oil sands and oil shale. However, their production and processing in order to obtain petroleum products is complex, expensive and, as a rule, are located abroad profitability.

Neither underground gasification, nor raw materials raised to the surface and subjected to heat treatment were widely used, not only because of technological difficulties, but also because of the low quality of products and the difficulty of their further processing and sale of these processing products due to the low activity of heat and mass transfer processes .

Bottom oil sludges (anthropogenic products), as well as oil sands (natural products) are bulk or paste-like compositions of solid bulk materials - sand, clay, soil and heavy hydrocarbons in different proportions and compositions. Because Since solid bulk materials have a developed grain surface (external and internal) and, as a rule, are well wetted by heavy hydrocarbons, the separation of some from others is a significant difficulty.

There are two main ways to separate them: washing with liquids or thermal decomposition and evaporation.

Both of these processes have a number of significant drawbacks due to their complex physicochemical foundations, and, in particular, the hardware design of their processing plants.

The washing process is not effective enough due to the difficulty of selecting solvent-washers, as well as due to the complexity of the subsequent separation of the obtained liquid mixtures.

Thermal decomposition is associated with the inevitable coking of heavy hydrocarbons and contamination of washed solid residues with coke and difficult to separate heavy hydrocarbons.

The well-known "Installation for the processing of oil-contaminated soils, soils and oil sludge" RF patent 2330734, "Device for the processing of oil-containing soils and bottom sediments" RF patent 2402382. All of the above plants have disadvantages characteristic of plants of the first type, where hydrocarbons are washed with solutions, as well as in RF patent 2402382 does not solve the problem with a possible

sticking of oil products to the screw, which will ultimately lead to equipment failure.

Also known, patent of the Russian Federation No. 2114153 "Installation of thermal cracking of heavy oil residues"; patent RU 2315079 "Reactor for the processing of coking oil refinery waste into liquid fuel and coke."

Installation according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2114153 allows you to process heavy oil residues (for example, oil sludge) in a mixture with a solid organomineral activator and is characterized by a stepped discharge of products in a gaseous form with inter-stage mixing (or disintegration).

Installation is cumbersome, complicated and not reliable due to the large number of steps. It is accepted by us as a prototype.

The reactor according to patent RU 2315079 is very complicated in execution and unreliable due to the possibility of coking grooves, tubes and other structural elements.

There is also a "Method for the production of liquid products from oil residues" RF patent No. 2182923, the installation using which, apparently, can give a high yield of light oil products. However, the method requires the use of special catalysts, the use of which is ambiguous for various raw materials, which makes the device performing its installation uncertain.

In addition, the last three analogues of the proposed installation do not guarantee a good filtration of products leaving in a gaseous state from mechanical impurities in the form of fine particles of activators and catalysts.

This application considers a unit arranged by a second thermolysis process.

Low temperatures up to 400 ° C and a short time for the thermolysis process allow you to remove a significant part of the heavy hydrocarbons without the formation of a significant amount of coke. The remaining hydrocarbons can be stripped and removed at higher temperatures.

Moreover, it is possible that the resulting coke and other mechanical impurities are well cleared of hydrocarbons, which makes the burial of the latter in the cleaned soil environmentally acceptable.

Solid minerals such as oil shale, peat, as well as waste wood and paper industry during processing should be crushed.

The main goal of our installation is to extract liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons from raw materials and send enriched environmentally neutral solid thermolysis products to the dump or for use.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the proposed installation:

1. The thermolysis reactor;

2. Raw materials;

3. Reactor heating system;

4. Spiral mover;

5. Sleeve gas and dust filter;

6. Heat exchanger;

7. Capacitor;

8. Refrigerant: water or air;

9. Condensate;

10. Synthetic oil;

11. Water or air;

12. Gas circulating through a thermolysis reactor;

13. Gas compressor;

14. Abgaz;

15. Water or air cooler;

16. 3-phase separator;

17. Condensate;

18. Filter element of a bag filter with reverse short cycle purge;

19. Refining reactors in the form of a cylindrical pipe with a spiral propeller rotating inside;

20. Air;

21. Air compressor;

22. Carbon black;

23. Refrigerant - air or water that removes excess heat from carbon black through the wall of the reactor 19;

24. The gear motor;

25. Gateway feeders;

26. Flow regulator;

27. Pressure regulator "to yourself";

28. Discharge of gas;

29. Nitrogen;

30. Solenoid valves;

31. Drain condensate H ₂ O;

32. Nitrogen installation.

The thermolysis reactor 1, which is a metal pipe, at the beginning of which there is a gate feeder 25 for receiving processed raw materials 2 (oil sludge or oil sands). Inside reactor 1 there is a spiral mover of raw material 4. Thus, reactor 1 is a tubular spiral conveyor equipped with a heating system: electric heating element or radiation or (and) convective heating. At the end of the reactor 1 there is a bag-and-dust filter 5 with a filter element 18, which is made of stainless steel mesh (GOST 3187-76).

The filter 5 serves to separate the dust of the solid thermolysis product from the gases.

At the outlet of the solid product from the filter, a refinement reactor for 19 solid thermolysis products is located, also in the form of a spiral conveyor.

Both reactors 1 and 2 and the filter are combined into a single through system to ensure the continuous movement of raw materials and solid thermolysis products. At the end of the reactor 19 is the outlet of the finished solid product 22 through the gateway feeder 25.

In the upper part of the filter 5 is the outlet of gaseous products.

To drive the rotation of the spiral, a gear motor 24 is used, located either at the beginning of reactor 1 or at the end of reactor 19 (if the spiral is the same for the through-loop system reactor 1-filter 5-reactor 2) or both gear motors 24 (if spiral P1 - filter 5, and filter 5 — reactor 19 are disconnected). To cool solid products at the end of the reactor 19 is a refrigerant 23 - air or water.

Air 21 is used to anneal solid products in the reactor 19. To dilute the air 21 and fill the entire system with inert gas (nitrogen) 21, there is an air compressor 21 and a nitrogen unit 32.

For heat recovery between the circulating gas 12 and the reaction gas, a heat exchanger 6 is installed.

For condensation of liquid products 9, a condenser 7 is installed, which is a vertical heat exchanger, the lower part of which is a collector

condensate 9. Refrigerant 8 for condensate 9. Refrigerant 8 for condensation of vapors in condenser 7.

To compress the gas 14 a gas compressor 13 is installed.

To separate the gas 14 into circulating gas 12, waste gas 28, condensate 17, condensate Н ₂ 0 31, a refrigerator 15, a 3-phase separator 16, flow controllers 26 and 27 are used.

To supply a short-pulse purge of the filter element 18 of the filter 5, an electromagnetic valve 30 is installed, gas from a three-phase separator is used as reverse purge.

Raw materials - oil sludge or oil sand, mined or collected from their locations undergo the necessary training to remove large fragments from them (usually more than 10 cm) and, if necessary, neutralize and activate them with any additives. Then they are fed to the entrance to the thermolysis reactor 1 and then, as they move inside the reactor 1, the raw materials are heated using system 3 to a temperature close to 350 ° C and above and a pressure of 0.5 MPa, which leads to the thermal decomposition of heavy hydrocarbons in a gas medium 12. The circulating gas 12 from the three-phase separator 16 is supplied to the inlet of the reactor 1.

The lighter hydrocarbons obtained in the process of thermolysis go into a gaseous state, are connected to the circulating gas 12, are discharged through the filter 5 and sent through the heat exchanger 6 to the condenser 7 and beyond.

The solid product of thermolysis from the reactor 1 with a propulsion spiral 4 through the filter 5 is passed through the reactor 19, where the hydrocarbons residual from the thermolysis are desorbed due to gases generated from the afterburning of hydrocarbon residues and evaporation of water.

The afterburning of micro-residues of non-desorbed hydrocarbons occurs due to atmospheric oxygen 20.

During desorption and afterburning as a result of additional heating, the temperature in the reactor 19 rises, which leads to the formation of a small amount of coke. The latter contains only traces of hydrocarbons, which makes it environmentally acceptable to bury or send coke to the dump with cleaned soil.

Purification of solid products resulting from thermolysis, their refinement can be performed both by annealing of atmospheric oxygen and water vapor obtained by injecting water into the final part of the refining reactor, while cooling, the resulting solid product by evaporation of water.

As a result of the installation, products are obtained: hydrocarbon condensate 10 and 17, synthetic oil 10, cleaned soil 22, discharge of combustible gas 28, and water condensate.

Gas and part of the hydrocarbon condensate can be used for combustion - heating and thermolysis in reactor 1.

The thermolysis process was studied on a good pilot scale installation (capacity up to 360 kg per day) on different compositions of artificially prepared raw materials.

Stainless steel was used as a material for the manufacture of reactors and a filter.

The experiments yielded positive results: despite the high sulfur content in the feedstock (up to 2%), in the condensate - synthetic oil, the sulfur content was about 0.5%, the cleaning of the soil from hydrocarbons was very high (light transmission according to GOST 25699.15-90 was 98-99%) .

The selection of thermolysis parameters (temperature, gas circulation, residence time) both in reactor 1 and in reactor 2 should be carried out by experimental runs on pilot plants, since The compositions of the processed raw materials are highly variable.

In some experimental runs on a pilot plant, clogging of the spiral propulsion with a mixture of coke, soil and liquid heavy hydrocarbons was recorded.

To eliminate this phenomenon, it is proposed to use a spiral self-cleaning system for a thermolysis reactor consisting of 2 or more screws (spirals), as described in Heinz Herrmann "Schneckenmaschinen in der Verfahrenstechnuk", Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1972 pp. 38-42, 47-58.

In the case of unidirectional rotation by catching spirals, they have the property of self-cleaning and the formation of unwanted growths does not occur on their working surface (see ibid., Fig. 31 on page 40).

In the upgrading reactor (19), no growths on the spiral movers and the casing were noticed. Therefore, in this reactor, a system of self-cleaning catching spirals is not necessary.

In general, the installation for the processing of bottom oil sludge and oil sands has proven to be operational and can be recommended for pilot operation.

Claims (5)

1. Installation for the processing of bottom sludge and oil sands, consisting of a thermolysis reactor, a solid product refinement reactor, a bag filter with short-cycle reverse purge located between the two reactors, loading and unloading sluice feeders, a condenser of liquid reaction products discharged from the bottom of the pipe collector condenser, refrigerator-condenser for gas compressed by the compressor, a three-phase separator connected in series by a condenser refrigerator, air o compressor for supplying air to the refining reactor, characterized in that both reactors are cylindrical pipes with a spiral propeller of raw materials and solid reaction products rotating inside them through successively located thermolysis reactor, filter and refining reactor. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that for supplying circulating gas from a three-phase separator to the inlet of the thermolysis reactor, they are connected by a pipeline. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that for supplying air for refinement of solid reaction products to the rear end of the refining reactor, the latter is connected by a pipeline to a compressor. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that a bag filter with short-cycle reverse purge is used, which is supplied with gas from a three-phase separator. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermolysis reactor is equipped with at least one additional engaging self-cleaning spiral propulsion.

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