RU128525U1 - INSTALLATION FOR PROCESSING OF OIL-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Installation for processing oil-containing raw materials containing processing lines, including: the first line for extracting oil from solid oil-containing sludge, containing a water heater, heating water to a temperature of 50-60 ° C, configured to supply heated water to the storage a platform under pressure of 0.7-1 MPa, an accumulation platform for the accumulation of solid oily waste, made with the possibility of partial washing of the soil, obtaining a water-oil emulsion using m of water from the water heater and the drain of the resulting oil-water emulsion, coarse sediment trap, configured to receive the drain from the storage area, settling as it is filled and, when filling, liquid drain, the fine trap, configured to receive runoff from the coarse trap, additional sedimentation of the liquid and equipped with a valve that is capable of opening upon signal of the level sensor when filling about 80% of the fine sump, inducing the liquid with medium of its level of a fine clarification tank by gravity to enter the buffer tank through a sand trap, a buffer tank made with the possibility, when filling, at the signal of the level sensor, to pump liquid through pumps to the well production collection system; a second line for processing acid-containing liquids, containing a hopper for the neutralizer reagent, equipped with a screw screw, designed to supply the neutralizer reagent to the neutralizer reagent tank, the neutralizer reagent tank made with

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to installations for the processing of oily raw materials and can be used for the processing of solid oily raw materials.

State of the art

A known method of processing and disposal of oily sludge (RF patent No. 2156275, IPC C10G 31/00, C10G 33/04, B01D 21/01, publ. 09/20/2000), accumulating in tanks, including cleaning of oil sludge with a working fluid, dilution and withdrawal from reservoir.

The known method provides the possibility of processing oily raw materials to obtain a dry residue, which complicates the disposal of spent oil sludge.

Also known is a method of processing oily waste (sludge) (RF patent No. 2156750, IPC C02F 11/12, C02F 11/18, publ. 09/27/2000), according to which the process is carried out by preliminary dewatering of the sludge using a mechanical grinder, followed by heat treatment at at a temperature of 300-400 ° C in a rotary tube mixer by mixing dehydrated "cold" oil sludge with crushed stone (gravel) in a mass ratio of 1: 2 or 1: 3, previously heated in a rotary drum furnace, and to maintain the heat treatment temperature in a rotary In the given mixer, within the specified limits, flue gases are supplied to the outlet from the crushed stone (gravel) heating furnaces.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to neutralize acid-containing liquids, as well as the use of an expensive thermal processing method.

Closest to the claimed method according to the technical nature and the achieved effect is a method of processing oily sludge and a device for its implementation (RF patent No. 2266258, IPC C02F 11/14, B09B 3/00, publ. 12.20.2005). According to this method, the oily sludge is pretreated to obtain a mixture that is uniform in composition and viscosity by mixing, heating and introducing an organic thinner, the working agent is loaded in two equal portions, the first before loading the treated oily sludge, and the second simultaneously with it, then injected liquid heated to 60-70 ° C in an amount determined by the analysis of a sample of the processed oily sludge. The components are mixed in a mixer at a rotation speed of 100-150 rpm for 15-20 minutes. The installation is equipped with the necessary components and devices for implementing the method.

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide the possibility of processing oil-containing sludge to obtain a solid residue, as well as the lack of guaranteed receipt of the required pH when neutralizing acid-containing liquids.

Creature Brief

The installation for the processing of oil-containing raw materials (OPS) is intended for the purification of snow and soil contaminated with oil and wastewater, imported from the places of breakthroughs and accidents of oil pipelines, the disposal of oil-containing by-products of drilling, overhaul and underground well repair.

The use of a coolant for heating oil-containing raw materials allows the installation to work in a period of low temperatures. The utility model allows to overcome such shortcomings as moral and physical deterioration of equipment, the seasonal nature of processing and solves the problem of disposal of solid oil-containing raw materials, the problem of accepting liquids for processing after acid treatment of wells.

Using this utility model allows to bring the depth of processing of solid oil-containing raw materials to the level of industrial application, due to the introduction of heated sumps for better washing of sludge, processing of oil-containing raw materials (NSS) to obtain a dry residue, reduce transportation costs for waste disposal and neutralization of acid-containing liquids in the field . In addition, additional opportunities are created for the provision of commercial services to third parties.

UPNS contains three processing lines:

- first line - designed to extract oil from solid oily sludge by washing them with hot water at a temperature of 50-60 ° C with the possible addition of detergents;

- the second line is intended for the processing of liquid oily and acid-containing wastes;

- the third line is intended for chemical processing and disposal of washed solid and paste-like oily raw materials using quicklime.

The productivity of the first line of the installation for the processing of oil-containing raw materials is 5 t / h, the second line of 10 m ³ / h, the third line of 2 t / h.

Utilization of oily raw materials is a batch process (as oil-containing raw materials arrive).

In particular, the installation for the processing of oily raw materials contains three processing lines:

the first line for treating oil from solid oil-containing sludge, containing a water heater, heating water to a temperature of 50-60 ° C, configured to supply heated water to a storage area under a pressure of 0.7-1 MPa, a storage area for accumulating solid oil-containing waste made with the possibility of partial washing out of the soil, obtaining a water-oil emulsion using water from a water heater and a drain of the resulting oil-water emulsion, a coarse clarifier made with the possibility of receiving the drain from the accumulation site, settling as it is filling and, when filling, the liquid drain, a fine clarifier configured to receive the drain from the coarse clarifier, additional liquid settling, and equipped with a valve that can be opened by a level sensor signal when 80% of the fine clarifier is filled, causing liquid from the middle level of the fine clarifier to flow by gravity into the buffer tank through a sand trap, buffer tank, ennuyu chance during filling of the level sensor signal, through pumps to pump fluid in the collection well production system;

a second line for processing acid-containing liquids, comprising a neutralizer reagent hopper equipped with a screw screw for supplying a neutralizing agent reagent to a neutralizing agent reagent, a neutralizing agent reagent configured to supply liquid obtained from the first line and mixing with the neutralizing agent to neutralize acid-containing impurities, a drainage tank designed to drain oil sludge and separate solid and paste znyh sludge and liquid waste container for receiving waste liquid, intended for the storage of liquid waste submersible sewage pumps, for removing the solid or pasty sludge from the drainage receptacle;

a third line for chemical processing and disposal of solid and paste-like oily sludge containing a concrete platform for receiving paste-like, solid oil sludge, a mixer for receiving paste-like, solid oil sludge from a concrete site using a loader, quicklime, and a modifier, preferably Econaft, a screw conveyor, while the mixer is configured to mix oil sludge by means of rotor blades and quicklime until a homogeneous mixture, actuating the pump for feeding the calculated amount of water through the collector, followed by mixing to obtain a powdery substance, carrying out the processes of neutralization, granulation and neutralization of oil-containing raw materials, and a conveyor belt, made with the possibility of unloading the finished mixture and moving it to the storage site .

The utility model has the following advantages:

- speed of reaction (flow time 15-20 minutes);

- manufacturability;

- low cost in comparison with the thermal method and imported analogues;

- it is not required in some cases of interphase separation of liquid-viscous oil-containing raw materials using separators, centrifuges and other expensive equipment;

- the ability to neutralize heavy metals;

- the ability to perform mobile installations that allow transportation of complexes to the location of sludge pits or pollution;

- the possibility of processing liquid, plastic and solid oily raw materials and oil wastes on mobile complexes that do not require the construction of special buildings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The utility model is further illustrated by the description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 depicts a flow chart of a first production line of an installation for processing oily raw materials according to a utility model;

Figure 2 depicts a flow chart of a second production line of an installation for processing oil-containing raw materials according to a utility model;

Figure 3 depicts a flow chart of a third production line of an installation for processing oil-containing raw materials according to a utility model.

Description of Preferred Embodiments of a Utility Model

Oil sludge processing plant contains three lines:

- the first line (Figure 1) - is designed to extract oil from solid sludge by washing them with hot water at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, with the possible addition of detergents. This line works only in the summer season;

- the second line (Figure 2) - is intended for the processing of liquid oily, acid-containing waste;

- the third line (Figure 3) - is intended for the chemical method of processing and disposal of washed solid and pasty oil sludge using quicklime.

The capacity of the first line of the sludge processing plant is at least 5 t / h, the second line is 10 m ³ / h, the third line is 2 t / h.

The method of disposal of oil sludge is periodic (as oil sludge arrives).

During the reconstruction of the installation, it is supposed to carry out an audit and modernization of all old equipment, sites that will be involved in new schemes: revision of technological pipelines, sealing of the bottom of the storage site, modernization of the sand trap, etc.

Raw materials for processing at the installation are:

- solid oil sludge (snow and soil contaminated with oil and waste water resulting from gusts and accidents of oil pipelines; by-products of drilling, overhaul and underground well repairs);

- liquid sludge (water-oil emulsion, liquid after swabbing, after acid treatments, etc.)

To neutralize acid-containing oil sludge to a pH of at least 7, alkaline reagents are used as neutralizing agents. As alkaline reagents, it is recommended to use technical potassium carbonate (potash) grade 3 (GOST 10690-73 "Technical potassium carbonate (potash). Technical conditions"), soda ash technical grade B (GOST 5100-85 "Technical soda ash. Technical conditions" ) or alkaline-containing wastes - alkaline stockpile of caprolactam production (caprolactam production waste) (ЩППК) (TU 113-03-616-87), alkaline (soda-sulphate) melt (caprolactam production waste) (TU 84-512-19-86) and others alkaline waste.

To improve the efficiency of oil recovery during washing, biodegradable surfactants (hereinafter referred to as bio surfactants) and detergents, which are a composition of surfactants, wetting agents, alkaline agents, are used.

First production line

In the technological process of the first line (Figure 1), equipment is used that contains:

- accumulation site (1), which is a reinforced concrete site, preferably with an area of at least 2000 m ² , having an embankment for protection against atmospheric precipitation and to prevent the entry of storm drains containing hydrocarbons into the soil. The bottom has a bias towards the coarse sedimentation tanks. At the site there is a water folding tap with a hose for flushing the site;

- one or more heated settling tanks (2) for rough cleaning, preferably with a volume of not less than 50 m ³ , each of which is a reinforced concrete tank, closed with a grill on top, preferably with a hole size of 50 × 50 mm. Also, a removable mesh is preferably mounted vertically on the sump, preferably with a hole size of 10 × 10 mm, for delaying coarse precipitation. Liquid is admitted to the coarse sump through the grate (3);

- one or more heated settling tanks (4) for fine cleaning, preferably with a working volume of at least 50 m ³ , each of which is a reinforced concrete tank with a vertically mounted removable mesh with a hole size of 3x3 mm. The bottom has a bias towards sediment washout;

- one or more hydrants for irrigation (5) for irrigation of solid oil sludge installed on the site (1);

- a throttle device (6) designed to lower the pressure of the water supplied from the cluster pump station (SPS);

- reinforced concrete tank (7) for sludge discharge with a volume of at least 90 m ³ for sludge discharge from coarse tanks of coarse (2) and fine (4) treatment;

- measuring tank (8) with a volume of at least 12 m ³ , designed to receive oil after swabbing;

- a buffer tank (9) with a volume of at least 8 m ³ , equipped with one or more vertical pumps (10) for pumping fluid into the well production system of a group metering pump installation (GZNU);

- sand trap (11) with a volume of at least 16 m ³ ;

- a hydrometer (12) for measuring the water content of the pumped liquid, preferably a VSN-2 hydrometer;

- a flow meter (13) for measuring the volume of the pumped liquid, preferably an ultrasonic counter RISE MP (URSV-522 P / 01);

- a water heater (14), preferably PPG-1;

- one or more centrifugal pumps (15).

Solid oil-containing wastes delivered by motor vehicles are unloaded at a storage site (1).

For technological processes, the required amount of water comes from the SPS (pressure 2-4 MPa). The necessary pressure in the system of 0.7-1 MPa is provided by a throttle device (6) and is supported by electric contact pressure gauges of the pumps (15).

Process water is pumped to the water heater (14), where it is heated to a temperature of 50-60 ° C.

The accumulated soil (snow) contaminated with oil is irrigated with hot water by means of a hydrant (5) for irrigation. In this case, a partial washing out of the soil (snow melting) occurs and the oil-water emulsion flows onto the grate (3) of the coarse sump (2), where it settles as it is filled. When filling the clarifier (2), the liquid flows into the heated clarifier (4), where additional settling takes place.

When the sump (4) of fine cleaning is filled up to 80%, level sensors are activated, the valve opens, and fluid from the middle level of the sump (4) of fine cleaning by gravity enters the buffer tank (9) through a sand trap (11).

When the buffer tank (9) is filled, the level sensor is triggered, one of the pumps (10) is automatically turned on, and the fluid is pumped to the well production system of the GNZU.

When filling the settling tank (2) with a coarse treatment of more than 30%, the settling tank (4) with a fine cleaning of 10%, the sediment is washed off with a stream of water along the drain onto an open reinforced concrete tank (7) to discharge the sediment.

In the tank, sedimentation occurs, and the settled water, when the valve opens, flows by gravity into the buffer tank (9) through the sand trap (11).

Second production line

In the process of the second line (Figure 2) the following equipment is used:

- a ground tank (16) for receiving liquid waste with a volume of at least 15 m ^{3 is} equipped with a filter element, a sampler;

- an underground drainage tank (17), equipped with a centrifugal pump (18) and a submersible sewage pump (19) for unloading mechanical impurities;

- a container (20) for a neutralizing agent mounted in a heated container booth (21) and equipped with an electric mixer, a temperature sensor, an explosion-proof heater, a pump and a dispenser. Preferably, a 30% soda ash solution and a capacity of 6 m ^{3 are used} ;

- a moisture meter (22) for measuring water cut, mainly VSN-2;

- a flow meter (23), preferably an ultrasonic counter TAKE-OFF MP;

- warehouse (24) for the neutralizing agent reagent;

- pump (25) dispenser;

- a hopper (26) for the neutralizing agent, equipped with a screw screw, mounted in a warehouse, preferably with a capacity of 2 m;

- site (27) for liquid waste;

- the pump (28) is centrifugal.

Preliminary preparation of liquid oily waste consists in separating the mechanical impurities by filtration, by static sludge and neutralizing the acid components with a 30% solution of soda ash.

The work on the reception and preliminary preparation of liquid oily and acid-containing wastes includes the following main stages of work:

- reception of liquid oily and acid-containing wastes, auxiliary materials and reagents;

-  input control of liquid waste;

- neutralization of acid-containing oil sludge entering the plant with neutralizing agents;

- pumping out oil-water emulsions at GZNU.

Liquid sludge is received in a ground tank (8) to receive liquid waste. Reagent - neutralizer is unloaded in a warehouse. The laboratory performs input control of oil sludge entering the unit for acidity (pH) and for the mass content of water. When the pH value of the aqueous medium of oil sludge in the range of 5.7-6.9 neutralization is not performed.

To neutralize acid-containing wastes, carbonic potassium technical (potash) according to GOST 10690-73 "Technical potassium carbonate (potash) is preferably used. Specifications ", soda ash technical in accordance with GOST 5100-85" Soda ash technical. Specifications "or other alkali-containing waste.

The solution of the reagent - neutralizer (potassium carbonate or sodium) is prepared in the tank (20) for the neutralizer reagent, equipped with an electric mixer. The calculated amount of dry reagent is supplied to the tank (20) for the neutralizer reagent, with the mixer operating, using a screw screw from the hopper (26) located in the warehouse (24) for the neutralizer reagent. To prepare a 30% solution, it is necessary to dissolve 1714 kg of reagent in 4 m ^{3 of} fresh industrial water. The concentration of the reagent-neutralizer solution is controlled by the density of the solution. The density of a 30% potassium carbonate solution at 20 ° C is 1298 kg / m ³ , and a 30% sodium carbonate solution at the same temperature is 1114 kg / m ³ .

At pH values of the aqueous medium below 5.7, acid-containing oil sludge is neutralized by feeding a solution of the neutralizing agent from the tank (20) into the drainage tank (9).

The amount of potassium carbonate and sodium required to neutralize 1 m ³ waste, depending on the initial pH of the medium are shown in table 1.

Table 1 - The amount of reagent spent on the neutralization of 1 m ³ waste Source The amount of 30% solution The amount of 30% solution pH value potassium carbonate for sodium carbonate for neutralization of 1 m ³ waste kg / m ³ neutralization of 1 m ³ waste kg / m ³ (dm ³ / m ³ ) (dm ³ / m ³ ) one 46.0 (35.4) 35.4 (31.8) 2 4.6 (3.54) 3.54 (3.18) 3 0.46 (0.354) 0.354 (0.318) four 0.046 (0.0354) 0.0354 (0.0318) 5 0.0046 (0.00354) 0.00354 (0.00318)

Acid-containing waste from the tank (16) for receiving liquid waste by gravity enters the drainage tank (17). Based on the pH of the medium and the volume of waste, from the tank (20) for the neutralizing agent, the calculated amount of the neutralizing agent solution is supplied and the centrifugal pump (18) is activated for circulation, preferably for 30 minutes. After the specified time, the pump is turned off, a sample is taken and the pH value of the medium is measured. If the measured pH value is below 5.7, the supplied amount of the neutralizing agent is adjusted and the centrifugal pump (18) is turned on again for circulation, preferably for 20 minutes, after which the sample is taken again and a control measurement of the pH of the medium is made.

After the pH of the aqueous part of the oil sludge is reached to a value of 5.7-6.9, the neutralized oil sludge is pumped into the GZNU using a centrifugal pump (18).

Third production line

The technological process of processing solid and paste-like oily raw materials and precipitates formed on the first and second lines is based on the chemical method of disposal. The essence of the chemical method of neutralizing oil-containing raw materials is that oil sludge is treated with quicklime by mixing. In this case, the alkaline earth metal oxide forms a hydroxide with water, as a result of which the oil products are evenly adsorbed to it to obtain a dry, storage-stable powdery substance consisting of the smallest granules, which are the smallest particles of neutralized oil-containing raw materials enclosed in calcareous shells - capsules that are evenly distributed in the mass of the product.

The technological process for processing solid and paste-like oil sludge is carried out under a canopy, where local exhaust ventilation with a filter should be provided.

In the process of the third line (Figure 3) the following equipment is used:

- site (29) for solid waste;

- capacity (30) for the modifier;

- V-shaped conveyor belt (31) for unloading mineral powder;

- a trolley (32), preferably a trailer for the export of powder "PUN";

- silo (33) for lime, preferably equipped with a vibrator, filter, blower, level sensors and a visual control system, preferably a hopper volume of 40 m ³ ;

- gear pump (34);

- rotary mixer (35);

- submersible pump (36);

- capacity (37) for storm water;

- auger conveyor (38).

Pastelike, solid oil sludge delivered by vehicles, the remaining solid phase after oil and water separation on the first line and the precipitates formed on the first and second lines are unloaded to the concrete platform (29) for solid waste and fed by a loader to the grate (10 × 10) of the mixing equipment receiving hopper . At the same time, the level of oil sludge in the rotary mixer (35) should not be higher than the upper surface of the rotor shaft. During rotation, the rotor blades must protrude over the entire length of the sludge level in the upper position. The ratio of oil sludge - quicklime is determined depending on the content of oil and oil products in oil sludge.

Quicklime is delivered on cement trucks and the pneumatic pump is unloaded into a silo (33) for lime.

From the silo (33) for lime, quicklime is fed to the mixer (35) using a screw conveyor (38).

From the tank (30) from the modifier by means of a gear pump (34) into lime delivered by a screw conveyor (38), a modifier is added to the mixer (35), preferably the Econaft preparation.

The oil sludge, quicklime and modifier loaded into the mixer are mixed using rotor blades of the rotor mixer (35) until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

After mixing the sludge with quicklime, the gear pump (34) is turned on and the calculated amount of water is supplied through the manifold through the manifold through the collector either from the pumping station or by means of a submersible pump (36) from the storm water tank (37) to extinguish the lime and mix to obtaining a powdery substance.

During active mixing (extinguishing lime), neutralization and granulation processes take place, as well as the neutralization of oil-containing raw materials with the release of a large amount of heat and steam. The process of active mixing takes place within 15-20 minutes (depending on the activity of lime), and its end is determined visually by the termination of steam production. When the rotary mixer (35) is operating, manually (or mechanically) slowly open the gates of the mixer hopper using the steering wheel by means of a rack and pinion (or mechanically) by the amount of the gap excluding overloading the conveyor belt (31).

The finished mixture from the mixer is discharged onto a V-shaped conveyor belt (31), without overloading it, it is fed into the carriage (32) - trailer and then unloaded to the storage site.

The above-described installation for the processing of oil-containing raw materials can be performed in the form of mobile units that allow transportation of complexes to the locations of sludge pits or contaminants. There is also the possibility of processing liquid, plastic and solid oil-containing raw materials and oil wastes in mobile complexes that do not require the construction of special buildings.

Claims (4)

1. Installation for processing oil-containing raw materials containing processing lines, including: the first line for extracting oil from solid oil-containing sludge, containing a water heater, heating water to a temperature of 50-60 ° C, configured to supply heated water to the storage a platform under pressure of 0.7-1 MPa, an accumulation platform for the accumulation of solid oily waste, made with the possibility of partial washing of the soil, obtaining a water-oil emulsion using m of water from the water heater and the drain of the resulting oil-water emulsion, coarse sediment trap, configured to receive the drain from the storage area, settling as it is filled and, when filling, liquid drain, the fine trap, configured to receive runoff from the coarse trap, additional sedimentation of the liquid and equipped with a valve that is capable of opening upon signal of the level sensor when filling about 80% of the fine sump, inducing the liquid with medium of its level of a fine clarification tank by gravity to enter the buffer tank through a sand trap, a buffer tank made with the possibility, when filling, at the signal of the level sensor, to pump liquid through pumps to the well production collection system; a second line for processing acid-containing liquids, comprising a neutralizer reagent hopper equipped with a screw screw for supplying a neutralizing agent reagent to a neutralizing agent reagent, a neutralizing agent reagent configured to supply liquid obtained from the first line and mixing with the neutralizing agent to neutralize acid-containing impurities, a drainage tank designed to drain oil sludge and separate solid and paste znyh sludge and liquid waste container for receiving waste liquid, intended for the storage of liquid waste submersible sewage pumps, for removing the solid or pasty sludge from the drainage receptacle; a third line for chemical processing and disposal of solid and paste-like oily sludge containing a concrete platform for receiving paste-like, solid oil sludge, a mixer for receiving paste-like, solid oil sludge from a concrete site using a loader, quicklime and a modifier by means of a screw conveyor, while the mixer is made with the possibility of mixing oil sludge and quicklime by means of rotor blades to obtain a homogeneous mixture, bringing into action ue a pump for feeding through the manifold calculated amount of water, followed by stirring to obtain a powdery substance, thus carrying out the processes of neutralization, neutralization and granulation oily raw materials, and a conveyor belt configured to unload the finished mixture and move it to the storage area. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that quicklime is used as a reagent of the second line neutralizer. 3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the drug Econaft is used as a modifier. 4. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is mobile, allowing transportation of complexes to the locations of sludge pits or contaminants.

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