RU127993U1 - PROTECTIVE CONTAINER FOR STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVES AND PRODUCTS CONTAINING EXPLOSIVES - Google Patents

Abstract

A protective container for storing and transporting explosives and products containing explosives, consisting of a base with a body mounted on it with a cover, inside of which there is a bulletproof screen, an energy-absorbing screen, a heat-shielding material, a system of uniformly located safety valves is sealed between the body and the cover, the load is secured in the inner cavity of the container, characterized in that the inner cavity of the container is limited by a sealed shell in which at least one safety valve has been installed, and the condition for its operation is the presence of a higher pressure in the internal cavity than in the space between the sealed shell and the body with the cover, the condition for the operation of the safety valve system is also the presence of a higher pressure in the aforementioned space, than environmental pressure.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of storage and transportation of explosives (explosives) and products containing explosives in protective containers (ZK).

For the safe transportation of explosives and dangerous goods containing explosives, an unpressurized wooden container is used in the industry, providing explosive burnup in the event of an emergency fire. When transporting explosive devices and ammunition with explosives, sealed protective containers are used to protect the cargo from operational influences (atmospheric moisture, dust, insolation, etc.) and in case of emergency situations (fire, fragmentation-bullet, shock-wave or complex effects). The containers used are complex multilayer structures containing heterogeneous organic and inorganic materials in a closed packaging volume, which already in the process of natural aging and interaction can form fire and explosive gas mixtures. The danger of the formation of such mixtures increases significantly during intense emergency thermal exposures that exceed the protective properties of the container.

Known container high security [Chernitsa O.A. Protective containers: Scientific and Practical Edition / O.A. Chernitsa, G.P. Belyankin, B.I. Izrailev and others; under the editorship of Dr. tech. sciences, prof. E.N. Petrova.-Snezhinsk: Publishing House of the RFNC-VNIITF, 2007, p.116] for the transport of explosives and products containing explosives, consisting of a cover, a casing, a base, a heat-shielding material, a bulletproof screen, an energy-absorbing screen, devices for securing cargo, forming together an internal airtight cavity designed to accommodate the packaged cargo. The base, casing and lid of a cylindrical shape have flange connectors with bolt fasteners and a sealing system. The described container is adopted as an analogue.

This design of the protective container has the following disadvantages:

- gases generated during the thermal degradation of materials included in the construction of the protective layers of the container can interact with the materials of construction of the packaged cargo and explosives, heating them, thus creating dangerous gas mixtures and increasing the risk of handling the cargo;

- when a packaged cargo containing explosives ignites, the tightness of the inner cavity of the container is maintained, which can lead to an increase in pressure in the inner cavity, and, as a result, to the transition of combustion into an explosion; even with thermal degradation of the sealing elements located between the flanges of the base, body and cover, the area of the structural gap is much smaller than the area of bleed necessary to exit the combustion products of the explosive without the transition of the combustion of the explosive into an explosion;

As a prototype, a protective container for transporting explosives and products containing explosives was described in the RF patent "Protective container for transporting explosives and products containing explosives" No. 91363, published 02/10/2010.

The protective container consists of a base, a housing, a lid, a heat-shielding material, a bulletproof screen, an energy-absorbing screen, which together form an internal airtight cavity to accommodate the packaged cargo. The sealed cavity of the protective container is in communication with the environment through a system of safety valves uniformly located on the surface of the container, with a quantity of at least two, opening when the temperature inside the cavity rises above the ignition temperature of the explosive and the pressure of the gases generated during the combustion of the explosive inside the sealed cavity, with the total area the cross section of the valve system is selected from the condition of not exceeding the pressure inside the sealed cavity from 0.15 to 0.3 MPa.

The design of this protective container has the same drawbacks as the previous one: during thermal decomposition and burning of the materials of the protective layers of the container, in case of emergency thermal exposure, the formation of a fire, explosive (combustible) gas environment is possible, the interaction of which with the materials of construction of the packaged cargo and explosives , as well as direct exposure to explosives, creates a fire hazard.

The objective of this technical solution is to increase the safety of storage and transportation of explosives (explosives) and products containing explosives, as well as the safety of work to eliminate the consequences of accidents with the reduction or elimination of harmful effects on the environment and the population of fire-, explosive gas atmosphere generated in case of fire of design elements of ЗК, explosives and explosives containing explosives placed in the container.

The technical result consists in the fact that the cargo with explosives placed in the internal cavity is protected by a sealed enclosure from the effects of a fire-, explosive, high-temperature gas environment, which is formed during thermal decomposition and combustion of materials of the ZK design in the event of an emergency high-temperature exposure. The safety valve maintains an overpressure in the internal cavity of not higher than 0.15 ... 0.3 MPa, which ensures explosive blasting, increasing the handling safety of packaged products containing explosives.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known construction of a protective container for storing and transporting explosives and products containing explosives, consisting of a base with a body mounted on it with a lid, inside of which there is a bulletproof screen, an energy-absorbing screen, a heat-shielding material, between the body and a system of uniformly located safety valves is hermetically sealed with a lid, and the load is secured in the internal cavity of the container according to the technical solution the inner cavity of the container is limited by a sealed shell in which at least one safety valve is installed, and the condition for its operation is the presence of a higher pressure in the inner cavity than in the space between the sealed shell and the body with a cover, the condition for the safety valve system to operate also is the presence of a higher pressure in the aforementioned space than the ambient pressure.

The internal cavity of the container and the space formed by the sealed shell and the body with the lid are communicated through a safety valve installed in the sealed shell and activated when the temperature rises and the pressure of the gases generated during the combustion of the explosive increases. The hermetic shell excludes penetration into the internal cavity with the cargo placed and the impact on the explosives of high-temperature fire and explosion hazardous gaseous products of thermal decomposition and combustion of the materials of the protective layers of the ЗК, and the presence of at least one safety valve that operates when the overpressure in the internal cavity is greater than the pressure in the space between the sealed shell and the housing with a lid, and constituting no more than 0.15 ... 0.3 MPa, provides for the depressurization of the internal cavity, preventing the transition from the layer-by-layer combustion of explosives to the regime of explosive transformation. The excess amount of fire, explosive gases generated in the space between the sealed enclosure and the housing with the cover is vented to the environment due to the system of safety valves evenly located on the surface of the container (at least 2), triggered when the temperature inside the cavity rises above the ignition temperature EXPLOSIVES and in the presence of a higher pressure of the gas mixture in the aforementioned space than the ambient pressure. The cross-sectional area of the safety valve installed in a sealed enclosure and the total cross-sectional area of the valve system on the surface of the container are selected from the condition that the pressure in the pressurized volume does not exceed 0.15 MPa to 0.3 MPa. Thus, the possibility of penetration into the internal cavity with the placed cargo and the impact on the explosive of high-temperature fire, explosive gaseous products of thermal decomposition and combustion of the materials of the protective layers of the airspace are prevented, the explosion of the explosive is prevented, which increases the safety of storage, transportation and liquidation of the consequences of accidents related with high-temperature impact on the ZK with packaged products containing explosives.

Figure 1 shows the design of a protective container for storing and transporting explosive goods, in a specific design, where: 1 - housing; 2 - cover; 3 - thermal protective material; 4 - bulletproof screen; 5 - energy-absorbing screen; 6 - internal cavity, 7 - sealed shell; 8 - flange connector; 9 - sealing sealing element; 10 - safety valve in a sealed enclosure; 11 - system of safety valves; 12 - base; 13 - packaged goods.

The outer contour of the protective container is formed by the housing 1, the base 12 and the cylindrical cover 2, which are joined together by a flange connector 8 with an annular rubber sealing sealing element 9. The hermetic shell 7 separates the packaged cargo 13 located in the inner cavity 6 from the protective layers of the container located in the internal cavity. A safety valve 10 is installed in the sealed enclosure 7, the opening of which occurs only when the temperature rises and a higher overpressure occurs in the volume limited by the sealed enclosure 7 than in the space formed between the sealed enclosure 7 and the housing 1 with cover 2. In the outer circuit between A flange connector 8 of the housing 1 and the cover 2 is surrounded by a system of safety valves 11, the axes of which are directed radially, while the valves are oriented so that they open t lko with increasing temperature and excess pressure occurs in the space formed by an airtight shell 7 and the housing 1 with a cover 2, a higher than ambient pressure. The number of evenly spaced valves is determined in accordance with the need to ensure a sufficient total cross-sectional area at which the gas pressure in the container’s hermetic volume will not exceed 0.15 ... 0.3 MPa.

The device operates as follows.

In the event of an emergency associated with a prolonged high-temperature impact on the SC with a packaged cargo with explosives, in case of violation and ignition of the protective layers of the container during thermal decomposition, intense gas evolution occurs with the release of additional heat. The hermetic shell 7 prevents the penetration into the inner cavity 6 with the packaged cargo 13 of a chemically active high-temperature fire, explosive gaseous environment, excluding its impact on the explosive and the danger of the formation of a fire, explosive mixture of thermal decomposition products of explosives and non-metallic materials of the protective layers of the ZK. As a result of the formation of a fire-, explosive atmosphere in the container space formed between the housing 1 with the lid 2 and the sealed enclosure 7, the pressure increases. With increasing temperature and pressure in the indicated space to critical values (up to 0.15 ... 0.3 MPa), the system of safety valves 11 opens, which provide pressure relief during the outflow of gases into the environment. When the pressure decreases, the safety valves are closed by the action of the springs, isolating the volume of the container from the environment.

During the heating of the packaged cargo 13 and the ignition of the explosive, a large amount of gaseous products also forms, as a result of which pressure begins to increase in the inner cavity 6 of the container. The safety valve 10, located in a sealed enclosure 7, is activated when the temperature rises and the pressure rises to a value of 0.15 ... 0.3 MPa, at which the combustion of the explosive is ensured without passing into an explosion. After the combustion of the explosive, the combustion products cease to stand out, the pressure in the inner cavity 6 of the container decreases, the safety valve 10 closes under the action of the spring, isolating the inner cavity 6 with the load 13. The increase in pressure in the space formed between the sealed shell 7 and the housing 1 s is excluded lid 2, higher than 0.15 ... 0.3 MPa when venting gases from the inner cavity 6 through the safety valve 10 due to the automatic actuation of the valve system 11 located around the perimeter of the fl connector 8 and providing a message of the containment of the container with the environment.

Thus, the proposed design of the protective container allows to increase the safety of storage, transportation and work to eliminate the consequences of accidents with the exception or reduction to safe levels.

According to the claimed technical solution, a prototype of a protective container with a sealed enclosure and a double-circuit depressurization system was manufactured.

Claims (1)

A protective container for storing and transporting explosives and products containing explosives, consisting of a base with a body with a lid installed on it, inside of which there is a bulletproof screen, energy-absorbing screen, heat-shielding material, a system of uniformly located safety valves is sealed between the body and the lid, the load is fixed in the inner cavity of the container, characterized in that the inner cavity of the container is limited by a sealed shell in which at least one safety valve has been installed, and the condition for its operation is the presence of a higher pressure in the internal cavity than in the space between the sealed enclosure and the housing with the cover; the condition for the operation of the safety valve system is also the presence of a higher pressure in the aforementioned space, than environmental pressure.

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