RU127748U1 - PLANT FOR PRODUCING BIOGAS - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for the production of biogas containing a loading hopper; flow meter; three-way valve; centrifugal pump; pressure gauge; cavitation heat generator; measuring kit; storage tank; a valve, characterized in that it is understaffed with a bioreactor, a digester and a tank for unloading, and the cavitation heat generator is replaced by a hydrodynamic heat generator-destructor.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used for biomass utilization in the processing of farm waste and peasant farmsteads for biogas production by anaerobic digestion of organic matter, such as liquid food products, plant and household waste, manure, sewage. As a by-product, the installation allows you to get environmentally friendly organic fertilizers.

A biogas plant for anaerobic digestion of organic waste is known, comprising: a multi-section reactor, the bottom of which has a slope from the loading unit to the unloading unit; moreover, the latter are made in the form of conveyors with stirrer drives, the length of the blades of which exceeds the biomass level, located in each section of the reactor and kinematically connected with the drive of the loading unit, and a gas holder. The installation is equipped with a mass pump and a water boiler with gas burners in communication with the gas tank. The loading and unloading units are made in the form of screw conveyors, consisting of a casing and a shaft with a spiral, and the conveyor shaft of the loading unit is hollow and perforated. The conveyor casing of the unloading unit is equipped with a sealed cylindrical container installed above the biomass level and forming an annular cavity with it, communicated with the cavity of the conveyor shaft of the loading unit through a water heating boiler and mass pump, while at the location of the container the casing is perforated. The device is patented as an invention for No. 2254700. Published on June 27th, 2005.

For the efficient operation of a biogas plant, in addition to a strictly anaerobic environment, a number of requirements must be observed. The main of which is the preparation of the product (substrate) for fermentation.

However, the known installation has a significant drawback - insufficient quality preparation of the product (substrate) for fermentation.

The purpose of the proposal is to eliminate this drawback.

The goal is achieved by the fact that a hydrodynamic heat generator is introduced into the design of the installation.

The heat generator-destructor allows you to create a cavitation effect in its cavity, the destructive force of which is used to give the feedstock a homogeneous and homogeneous consistency and at the same time heats it up, which ensures optimal properties of the substrate for its further processing.

Under the influence of directed and controlled cavitation in the biological raw materials, complex bonds of the fibers of organic substances at the molecular level break. As a consequence of this process, the dispersion of biological raw materials is significantly increased, and its particles are reduced in size. Thus, more favorable conditions are created for bacterial strains involved in the formation of biogas for the decomposition of biogenic materials due to the destruction of the homogeneity of their structure and, accordingly, an increase in the area covered by bacteria of biological raw materials.

Figure 1 shows the structural and technological scheme of the installation for the production of biogas.

The installation contains: loading hopper O); flow meter (2); three-way valve (3); centrifugal pump (4); pressure gauge (5); hydrodynamic heat generator-destructor (6); measuring set (7): reservoir (8); valve (9); bioreactor (10): digester (11); container for unloading (12).

Biogas is a metabolic product of bacteria resulting from their decomposition of an organic substrate.

Biomass (waste or green mass) is fed into the feed hopper, where it is mixed. Not only efficiency depends on the quality of preparation of the substrate, but also the ability of the biogas plant to operate. The biomass preparation technology is reduced to waste crushing for a qualitative improvement of its structure and uniformity. Grinding biomass improves the structure and uniformity of the feedstock.

For the normal course of fermentation, a slightly alkaline reaction of the medium is required (pH = 6.7 ... 7.6). The splitting of organics into separate components and their conversion to meta can only be found in a humid environment, since bacteria can process substances only in dissolved form. In this regard, the fermentation of solid substrates should occur with the addition of water.

From the loading hopper, the crushed biomass is pumped through a hydrodynamic destructor into the tank, from which it is delivered by gravity to the bioreactor, where the mass is uniformly mixed by means of a screw, as well as its transfer to the digester.

In addition to gas, biofertilizers (composted and liquid substrate) are also obtained at the exit of the bioreactor.

Claims (1)

Installation for the production of biogas containing a feed hopper; flow meter; three-way valve; centrifugal pump; pressure gauge; cavitation heat generator; measuring kit; storage tank; a valve, characterized in that it is understaffed with a bioreactor, a digester and a tank for unloading, and the cavitation heat generator is replaced by a hydrodynamic heat generator-destructor.

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