RU124097U1 - CENTRAL RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH MOBILE OBJECTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The central station of a radio communication system with mobile objects, containing a message processing unit (BOC), a group of 2m modems, a primary and backup ground stations, each of which contains a first receiver, a first transmitter, a (2m + 1) -th modem, a channel signal processing unit (BOX), and the main and reserve ground stations are connected by two-way communications to the BOC via the (2m + 2) -th and (2m + 3) -th modems, respectively, the reception blocking block, the output of which is connected to the input of the first receiver, the first input / output BOS is connected in series through (2m + 2) -th with the (2m + 1) -m modem, the first calculators of the main and reserve ground stations are connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs / outputs of the BOX, the inputs / outputs of the calculators of ground stations through the corresponding modems are connected to the inputs / outputs of the router, (2m + 1) -th modem, second control panel, second display unit, second message storage unit, similar to the first computer located in the backup ground station, the control bus of the computer with two-way communications is connected to the corresponding input m / outputs of the first receiver, the first transmitter, the reception blocking block, BOX, the first and second digital filters, the first analog-to-digital converter, the first digital-to-analog converter, the BOX output through series-connected the first digital-to-analog converter, the second digital filter, the first transmitter, the high-frequency isolation is connected to the antenna, which, in turn, through series-connected high-frequency isolation, a blocking reception, the first receiver, the first analog-to-digital converter

Description

The utility model relates to radio communications technology and can be used to organize digital communications in automated data exchange systems in the air-to-ground and ground-to-air channels.

A known radio communication system with moving objects (ON) containing a receiver, demodulator, message decoder, a buffer register of addresses of moving objects, the first element And, a message priority decoder, a block of priority message timers, a block of priority message registers, a message distribution switch , a counter of the number of moving objects, a system load counter, a free access clock generator, a time window shaper, an address clock generator polling, delay line, second AND element, free access key, data output unit as an information source, address interrogation key, buffer storage unit, number of interrogations counter, reset pulse generator, data recording unit, modulator and transmitter, terrestrial communication modem, sensor location, data format converter, control panel of the ground transceiver station [1].

The disadvantages of this system include the lack of the ability to perform the functions of a central radio communication station with moving objects beyond the horizon.

Known central station (CS) of a radio communication system with moving objects - aircraft (AC), containing a series-connected receiver of a data line on the channel "air-to-ground" (LPS), a demodulator and a block of address decoders. These nodes receive and pre-process signals from the aircraft. For further processing, the following are used: a pulse generator, n timers, a system load counter, a priority setting unit, a priority number counter, connected in series, a transmission signal storage unit, a data recording unit, a data output unit, n AND elements, n pulse counters, n keys , control unit, n first, n second pulse shapers, third, fourth pulse shapers, first, second, third, fourth OR elements, where n is the number of processed messages from moving objects. The signal output of the address decoder unit is connected to the key inputs, the outputs of which through the fourth OR element are connected to the signal input of the control unit, the address decoder unit comparison inputs are connected to the priority setting input, pulse counter inputs and “Reset” inputs. The outputs of n delay lines through the corresponding timers are connected to the first inputs of the corresponding elements And, the outputs of which are connected to the delay inputs of the respective pulse counters. The outputs of the pulse counters through the corresponding second pulse shapers are connected to the inputs of the second OR element, the output of which is connected to the input "Reset" of the counter of moving objects. The entry entry of the counter of movable objects is connected to the output of the first OR element, the inputs of which are connected through the corresponding first pulse shaper to the comparison output of the address decoder block. The output of the pulse generator is connected to the second inputs of n elements I. The output of the counter of movable objects is connected through the third OR element to the input of the system load counter, the output of which is connected to the control input of the priority setting unit and the second input of the control unit. The first output of the control unit through the third pulse shaper is connected to the second input of the third OR element, the third input of which is connected to the output of the fourth pulse shaper. The input of the fourth pulse shaper is connected to the output of the transmitter enable block. The outputs of the priority setting unit are connected to the control inputs of the first keys. A message processing unit (BOS) is connected to a group of m modems. The input of the reception blocking unit is the high-frequency input of the station, and the output is connected to the input of the receiver. The control input of the reception blocking unit is connected to the output of the “Transmission enable” signal conditioning unit. The first input / output of the biofeedback device through series-connected (m + 2) -th and (m + 1) -th modems and an address switching unit is connected to the output of the control unit. The output of the address switching unit is connected to the input of the transmission signal storage unit, m biofeedback outputs through m corresponding modems are low-frequency outputs of the station. The initial installation of priority setting and control units, a biofeedback clock generator, a system load counter is done by applying a “Reset” signal to the corresponding inputs. In BOS, the format conversion unit is connected by two-way communications with the (m + 2) -m modem, router, address base storage unit, charging unit, message storage unit, display unit, control panel. The clock generator is connected to the sync inputs of the format conversion unit, the router, the address base storage unit, the charging unit, the message storage unit, the display unit, and the control panel. The address base storage unit is connected by two-way communications with the router and the charging unit. Moreover, the m inputs / outputs of the router are connected to the corresponding m modems [2]. In the transmitter, radio signals are generated on the aircraft using the data of the transmitter for activating the transmission. The ongoing operations of demodulation, address decoding, prioritization, signal delay, counting, generating, logical processing, switching and generating pulses, counting the number of moving objects, priority messages and loading the system, address switching, storing the transmission signal and addresses are functions performed a well-known channel signal processing unit (BOX) - (ground processor).

The disadvantages of the analogue include the fact that it is designed to work only in the line of sight, which narrows its service area for aircraft.

Closest to the claimed facility is the central station (CA) of the radio communication system with mobile objects - aircraft [3], containing M channel blocks. The messages generated on the aircraft sequentially in time through a series-connected antenna, a high-frequency isolation, a blocking reception are received at the receiver, then converted into analog-digital converter (ADC) into discrete signals, filtered in the first digital filter to suppress spurious components in the spectrum of the received signal and in the form of a sequence of pulses are supplied to the channel signal processing unit (BOX) for processing. When controlling from the calculator via the control bus, the receiver locks up, for example, during simplex data exchange in the channel, or turns off if the receiver is used in the mode of assessing the integrity of the transmitted message (VDB, VDL-4 modes). A ground station receiver provides signal reception in air-ground data links. Demodulation, decoding, signal quality assessment and transmission of received messages in the message processing unit (BOS) is carried out using the following nodes: ADC, the first digital filter, BOX, controlled by the calculator. Such procedures are carried out continuously in the presence of a radio signal in the channel. To improve the quality of the assessment of the type of message, the number of discrete samples is set, for example, of the order of 8 for the duration of the shortest symbol of all channels. In the ADC, the amplitude of the signal is measured during these samples. The measurement result is sent via the control bus to the calculator for analysis. Using the nodes: ADC, the first digital filter, BOX, controlled by the calculator, in accordance with the procedures necessary for this LPD, the signal from the receiver output is converted to the digital form, which is necessary for further processing in the BOX and then in the calculator. All logical operations are performed programmatically in the calculator. Then the digital sequence is processed in the BOX using control signals from the computer. By the characteristic features, for example, by the pulse repetition rate in the received message, the type of aircraft airborne equipment is determined and a command is issued to prepare for receiving the corresponding data. Next, a strobe is formed in the BOX, during which counting pulses begin to arrive to process the received messages. If the address and address stored in the second message storage unit in the message from the aircraft coincide, the number of movable objects recorded earlier increases by one. Next, a strobe is formed in the BOX, during which received messages should be processed. In the presence of a radio signal in the channel, the priority of the message is determined, which is necessary, for example, to change the operating modes of the BOX and the computer.

The calculator constantly determines the degree of system load by estimating the number of processed messages for a given time interval. If there is no download, then a command is formed about the receiver switching to a frequency-scanning mode of operation. Data on the number of received messages is displayed on the screen of the data display unit and, if necessary, can be displayed on the screen of the first data display unit in the message processing unit. To coordinate the work of all nodes of the ground station, the control bus of the calculator is used, which is connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the receiver, transmitter, reception blocking unit, first and second digital filters, analog-to-digital converter, digital-to-analog converter. All operations are performed using a computer, implemented, for example, on a PC. The “Reset” command in the ground station is programmed to the BOX from the calculator, and to the BFB to the clock pulse generator and format conversion unit only at the beginning of work to set the corresponding blocks to “Zero”.

The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- the prototype is designed to operate only in the VHF range (in the direct (optical) visibility zone), which narrows its service area to (350-400) km at an aircraft flight height of 10 km and in the absence of overlapping communication zones of neighboring central stations at certain altitudes ( at echelons) aircraft remain for some time without control from the central stations;

- the equipment of the prototype is not designed for collaboration with transceivers of the high frequency range;

- there is no single picture of the air situation in the far and near aircraft service area.

The main task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to increase the information content of the central station operators through the joint processing of information from the VHF and HF data lines.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that to the central station of a radio communication system with moving objects, containing a message processing unit (BOC), a group of 2 m modems, a primary and backup ground stations, each of which contains a first receiver, a first transmitter, (2m + 1 ) -th modem, channel signal processing unit (BOX), with the main and reserve ground stations connected by two-way communications to the BOC via the (2m + 2) -th and (2m + 3) -th modems, respectively, the reception blocking block, the output of which is connected to the input of the first receiver, p The first input / output of the BOC is connected in series through the (2m + 2) -th with the (2m + 1) -m modem, the first computers of the main and reserve ground stations are connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs / outputs of the BOX, the inputs / outputs of the computers of ground stations through the corresponding modems are connected to the inputs / outputs of the router, the (2m + 1) -th modem, the second control panel, the second display unit, the second message storage unit, similar to the first computer located in the backup ground station, the computer’s control bus is two is connected to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the first receiver, the first transmitter, the reception blocking block, BOX, the first and second digital filters, the first analog-to-digital converter, the first digital-to-analog converter, the output of the BOX through a series-connected first digital-to-analog converter, the second a digital filter, a first transmitter, a high-frequency isolation is connected to the antenna, which in turn is connected through a series-connected high-frequency isolation, a blocking unit reception, the first receiver, the first analog-to-digital converter, the first digital filter is connected to the BOX input, the format conversion block input / output is the station input / output for information consumers, 2m BOC inputs / outputs through 2m corresponding modems are low-frequency station inputs / outputs, initial installation of a clock generator and a block for converting formats into biofeedback is carried out by applying a “Reset” signal to the corresponding inputs, m is the total number of interfaced ground stations in the zone, in B The OS format conversion unit is connected by two-way communications with the router, the address base storage unit, the charging unit, the first message storage unit, the first display unit, the first control panel, the clock generator is connected to the clock inputs of the format conversion unit, router, address base storage unit, charging unit , the first message storage unit, the first display unit, the first control panel, the address base storage unit is connected by two-way communications with the router m and a charging unit, 2m inputs / outputs of the router are connected to the corresponding inputs / outputs of 2m modems, a high-frequency receiving station is introduced, the computer of which is connected by two-way communications to the first computer of the main ground station, the high-frequency station is transmitting, the computer of which is connected by two-way communications through serial connected (2m + 4) -th and (2m + 5) -th modems to the first computer of the main ground station, the RF receiving station consists of series-connected two-way communications and the calculator of the receiving station of the high-frequency range, the third digital filter, the second analog-to-digital converter, the second receiver, the high-frequency input of which is connected to the receiving antenna of the high-frequency range, the input / output of the control of the calculator of the receiving station of the high-frequency range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the third digital filter , the second analog-to-digital converter, the second receiver, and the transmitting station of the high-frequency range consists of series-connected two-way communications RF transmitter station, second digital-to-analog converter, fourth digital filter, second transmitter, the high-frequency output of which is connected to the RF high-frequency antenna, the input / output of the control of the transmitter of the RF high-frequency station is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the second digital-to-analog converter, fourth digital filter, second transmitter.

The figure shows a structural diagram of a central station of a radio communication system with moving objects and the notation is introduced:

1 - receiver;

2 - message processing unit (BOS);

3 - transmitter;

4 - a group of 2m modems;

5 - (2m + 1) -th modem;

6 - (2m + 2) -th modem;

7 - block blocking reception;

8 - entry / exit to m ground stations;

9 - channel signal processing unit;

10 - block format conversion;

11 - router;

12 - block storage address base;

13 - charging unit;

14 is a first message storage unit;

15 is a first display unit;

16 - the first control panel;

17 - a clock generator;

18 - main ground station;

19 - backup ground station;

20 - (2m + 3) -th modem;

21 - the first calculator;

22 - M channel blocks;

23 - 2nd control panel;

24 - 2nd display unit;

25 - 2nd block of message storage;

26 - bus control computer;

27 - 1st digital filter;

28 - 2nd digital filter;

29 - the first analog-to-digital Converter;

30 - the first digital-to-analog converter;

31 - high-frequency isolation;

32 - antenna;

33 - inputs / outputs of the station for consumers of information;

34 - receiving station in the high frequency range;

35 - transmitting station in the high frequency range;

36 - (2m + 4) -th modem;

37 - transmitter of the transmitting station in the high frequency range;

38 - the second digital-to-analog converter;

39 - the fourth digital filter;

40 - second transmitter;

41 - transmitting antenna of the high frequency range;

42 - input / output control of the transmitter of the transmitting station in the high frequency range;

43 - receiving antenna of the high frequency range;

44 - the second receiver;

45 - the second analog-to-digital Converter;

46 - the third digital filter;

47 - calculator receiving station RF range;

48 - input / output control of the transmitter of the receiving station of the high frequency range;

49 - (2m + 5) th modem.

The central station of a radio communication system with mobile objects, which include aircraft, simultaneously operates in two modes: short-distance and long-distance communications. To maintain the software in the near field (within direct visibility), VHF equipment is used, and in the far zone, the transmitting and receiving stations (35 and 34) of the HF range. The number of central stations is determined by the number of serviced software in the given sectors and the required reliability of communication.

The work of the proposed central station in the near field does not differ from the work of the prototype. In each ground station 18 (19) there are M channel blocks 22. The number of channels M in ground stations 18 and 19 is determined by the need for simultaneous operation with aircraft in different modes and a given traffic intensity in a given service area. Formed on the BC messages sequentially in time through a series-connected antenna 32, a high-frequency isolation 31, a reception blocking unit 7 are received at the first receiver 1, then converted into discrete signals in the first ADC 29, filtered in the first digital filter 27 to suppress spurious components in the received spectrum signal and in the form of a sequence of pulses are fed to the BOX 9 for processing. When controlling from the first calculator 21 via the control bus 26, the blocking of the first receiver 1 can be enabled, for example, during simplex data exchange in a channel, or disabled if the receiver is used in the mode of assessing the integrity of the transmitted message (VDB, VDL-4 modes). The first receiver 1 of the ground station 18 (19) provides a signal in the VHF air-to-ground data lines. Demodulation, decoding, signal quality assessment and transmission of received messages in BOS 2 is carried out using the nodes: the first ADC 29, the first digital filter 27, BOX 9 controlled by the first computer 21. Such procedures are carried out continuously in the presence of a radio signal in the channel. To improve the quality of the assessment of the type of message, the number of discrete samples is set, for example, of the order of 8 for the duration of the shortest symbol of all channels. In the first ADC 29, the amplitude of the received signal is measured during these samples. The measurement result is sent via the control bus 26 to the first calculator 21 for analysis. Using the nodes: the first ADC 29, the first digital filter 27, BOX 9, controlled by the first calculator 21, in accordance with the necessary procedures for this LPD, the signal from the output of the first receiver 1 is converted into digital form, which is necessary for further processing in BOX 9 and then in the first calculator 21. All logical operations are performed programmatically in the first calculator 21. According to characteristic features, for example, by the operating frequency of the received radio signal or the pulse repetition rate in the message, the type of onboard equipment is determined I data line (ATD) of the aircraft and instructs the nodes 9, 27, 29, 1, 7, on the bus 26 to prepare to receive the relevant data. Next, in the BOX 9, a strobe is formed, during which counting pulses begin to arrive to process the received messages. If the address received in the message from the aircraft matches the address stored in the second message storage unit 25, the number of mobile objects served by the station recorded earlier increases by one. Next, in the BOX 9, a strobe is formed, during which the received messages must be processed. If there is a radio signal in the channel, the message priority is determined, which is necessary, for example, to change the operating modes of BOX 9 and the first calculator 21. If the message is not received or received with an error in time τ (for each type of LPD), i.e. If the mobile object did not get in touch or left the stable radio communication zone, then the previously obtained number of moving objects decreases by one. If a radio signal is again detected in the channel during time τ, then the above procedure is repeated. If the addresses do not coincide with the specified dispatchers from the control panels 16 and 23 embedded in the message storage units 14 and 25 or when messages from several aircraft are superimposed, further signal processing in BOX 9 is not performed. In the first calculator 21, the degree of load of the radio channels is constantly determined by estimating the number of processed messages for a given time interval. If there is no download, then a command is generated about the transition of the first receiver 1 to the frequency-scanning mode of operation. Data on the number of received messages is displayed on the screen of the second data display unit 24 and, if necessary, can be displayed on the screen of the first data display unit 15 in the message processing unit 2. To coordinate the operation of all nodes of the ground station 18 (19), the control bus 26 of the first calculator 21 is used, which is connected by two-way communications to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the first receiver 1, first transmitter 3, reception blocking unit 7, first and second digital filters 27 and 28, the first analog-to-digital converter 29, the first digital-to-analog converter 30. All operations are performed using the first calculator 21, implemented, for example, on a PC. The “Reset” command in the ground station 18 (19) is supplied programmatically to the BOX 9 from the first computer 21, and to the BOS 2 - from the clock generator 17 only at the beginning of work for setting the corresponding blocks to “Zero”.

Modulation and demodulation operations are performed in the channel signal processing unit 9 using control signals from the first calculator 21. After processing the signals in the BOX 9, the type of messages from the aircraft is analyzed in the first calculator 21. The type of message carries information about it, for example, for aircraft: alarms, messages of automatic dependent monitoring, data exchange "pilot-dispatcher" and others. In general, there can be several types of messages that are prioritized.

In the ground station 18 (19), the formation of radio signals for transmitting messages on the air-to-ground channel is carried out in the following order:

receiving a standard message from the first calculator 21;

formatting, coding, conversion (scrambling) of message bits in BOX 9;

modulation and filtering of the spectrum of signals, their transmission to the input of the transmitter 3.

After the identification of the received messages in the block 9 of the channel signal processing controlled by the first calculator 21, commands are generated to turn on the required frequency of the first transmitter 3 and messages that are necessary to indicate the type (number) of the central station of a radio communication system with moving objects, for example, squatter packages for airborne civil aviation vessels. When a message of the highest priority is received from BOS 2 through modems 6 and 5 to the first computer 21, it is installed first in the queue for transmission to the corresponding aircraft. Until messages with the highest priority are transmitted, the passage of lower priority messages is prohibited. Less urgent messages are transmitted to the aircraft sequentially in time in order of importance.

In the memory of the second message storage unit 25, using the second control panel 23 and the first computer 21, frequency ratings, modulation types, transmission rates, and other parameters specific to each of the radio channels, including the high-frequency channels of the region where the ground stations are located, 18 and 19, are entered , message processing unit 2 of the central station. A database of aircraft, signal parameters in radio channels, and other information is stored in the first and second message storage units 14 and 25, into which additional information can be entered using control panels 16, 23 and the first computer 21. Information is updated through continuous exchange messages between calculators 21, 37, 47 and the first block 14 storing messages both directly and through modems 49 and 36, as well as through modems 5 and 6, router 11, block 10 format conversion, input / output 33 stations with consumers information.

In the short-range communication mode, messages from the output of the first computer 21 through the (2m + 1) -th and (2m + 2) -th modems 5 and 6 arrive in the BOC 2 through the router 11 to the format conversion unit 10, which can be performed, for example, on a PC. If the distance between the first calculator 21 and the BOC 2 does not exceed the values specified in the requirements for the interface used, then modems 5 and 6 may be absent. In block 10 converting formats, the received messages are converted to the format necessary for the operation of all nodes of the BOC 2, ground stations 18 and 19. At the same time, the message addresses are compared with the data of the address base storage unit 12. Based on the comparison results, a decision is made on the message traffic specified by the router 11, the amount of payment for services in the charging unit 13, messages are recorded in the first message storage unit 14, and are indicated (if necessary) on the first display unit 15. Thus, an automatic search of the aircraft for delivering messages and receiving receipts for their delivery is provided. In the first block 14 of the storage of messages provides maintaining archives of messages taking into account the category of urgency. For this, operational (for the period of "aging" of information) and long-term memory, for example, for 30 days, are used. RAM data is constantly updated. Long-term memory data is needed to analyze conflict situations and evaluate the accuracy of calculations with information recipients. Accounting for message traffic and subscriber connections, the calculation of the amount for payment for services is carried out in block 13 tariffication depending on the address of the subscriber and the volume of the message. The recipient of the information is billed for the transmitted message volume in a given time interval, for example, a day, according to the traffic determined by the address base storage unit 12 and the router 11. The address base storage unit 12 contains the addresses and types of all messages processed in the central station, as well as addresses of serviced aircraft, mating peripheral (neighboring) stations of the radio communication system with mobile objects and information recipients. Router 11 provides the distribution of messages over the air and ground communication networks, namely, connecting to the central station via appropriate modems 4 on the buses 8 of the ground stations of 18 (19) subscribers, for example, for civil aviation (GA): the main data processing center, airline services and air traffic control. Synchronization of all message processing processes in time in BOS 2 is carried out using a clock generator 17, which can be performed using accurate time stamps from the output of the signal receiver of global navigation satellite systems. The initial installation of the clock generator and the unit for converting formats to BOS 2 is carried out by applying to the corresponding inputs of the signal "Reset", not shown in the figure. The data request from the aircraft is carried out automatically (programmatically) at the input / output 33 or using the first control panel 16 control BOS 2 or from the second control panel 23 control ground station 18 (19). Information is requested from the aircraft by the consumer of information by means of a message in one of the standard formats, for example, in accordance with the X.25 protocol transmitted via input / output 33, format conversion unit 10, router 11 (or via the corresponding modem 4, router 11) to sequentially connected (2m + 2) th and (2m + 1) th modems 6 and 5 to the ground station 18 (19) and through the first computer 21, modems 49 and 36 to the transmitting station 35 DKMV range.

At the ground station 18 (19), using the nodes: BOX 9, controlled by the first calculator 21, the first digital-to-analog converter 30, the second digital filter 28, in accordance with the procedures required for this LPD, a signal is generated for the first transmitter 3 with a low level of side lobes of the spectrum . The amplified radio signal from the output of the first transmitter 3 through high-frequency isolation 31, which protects the input circuits of the first receiver 1 from the powerful radio signals of the first transmitter 3, is fed to the antenna 32 and is transmitted to the air via the air. The last operation is carried out, for example, when requesting data from aircraft on the basis of "last connection". The second control panel 23 performs the function of forming messages transmitted to the aircraft. Similar messages in format are received through input / output 33. With the automatic use of ground station 18 (19) without maintenance personnel, blocks 23, 24, 25 may be absent.

In the first calculator 21, the formation, address switching, and distribution of messages on the near or long-distance communications equipment circulating between the nodes of the ground station 18 (19), stations 34 and 35, or between BOS 2 and information consumers on the input / output 33 are carried out. Messages from aircraft and receipts for their correct reception are received on the first and second message storage units 14 and 25, and messages for the aircraft are sent to the channel signal processing unit 9. Similar operations to the above can be carried out at m other ground stations. Monitoring the current state of the station nodes is carried out in block 10 format conversion, performed, for example, on a PC, according to receipts received from the first computer 21 through the corresponding modems 4, 6, 20. The structure of the received receipt is compared with one of the address storage unit 12 base and after conformity analysis a decision is made on the health of the remote object. The incoming data from the aircraft through one of the M channel blocks 22 of the ground station 18 (19), the first calculator 21, modems 5 and 6, BOS 2 are automatically transmitted to the addressees, which can be, for example, air traffic control centers, airlines, various GA services and other objects. Data traffic interacting with BOS 2 aircraft, the status of remote ground stations 18 (19), stations 34, 35 of the HF band and modems (communication channels) are displayed on the first block 15 in real time. The graphical interface provides detailed information, and also gives the operator the opportunity to start testing a remote recipient of information, perform the necessary operations to install or disable a modem with a communication channel, and display statistics. The first block 14 message storage has drives for storing data with the possibility of redundancy, and also provides printing of data on an external printer, not shown in the figure. The format conversion unit 10 acts as an information-logical interface with the inputs / outputs 33 of the station for connecting information consumers. The logic level protocol for each interface - input / output 33 of the station for information consumers is developed in accordance with the structure of the transmitted information and the requirements for its parameters. Each packet of these protocols contains a checksum, if it does not match, the packet is ignored.

With heavy traffic in the aircraft service area with a variety of on-board equipment with full use of the main channel equipment, if necessary, you can use the channel from the reserve ground station 19 to exit the ground station station 19. When leaving the service area of ground stations VHF range aircraft support is carried out automatically using the first computer 21 monitoring the air situation, “connecting” to the corresponding aircraft stations 34 and 35 of the HF range, for example Emer, according to the procedure "heng-doff" [4, 5, 6]. The consumer of information does not notice the transition from one frequency range to another, only slightly increases the delay time of the response message. A similar procedure is carried out when transferring aircraft service from the far zone to the service area using VHF radio channels.

In the absence of radio signals at the main and standby frequencies in the channel, the first computer 21, using the control bus 26, scans the frequency in the first receiver 1 using other known fixed operating frequencies of the air-to-ground data channels to determine the presence of information in them. If necessary, scanning at known frequencies is also carried out in stations 34 and 35 of the high frequency range. Connection of each of the data exchange channels is carried out for the time required for the analysis of the message in it. In the ground station 18 (19) and in the receiving station 34 of the high frequency range, channels are scanned on which the aircraft broadcast messages. In the first receiver 1 and in the receiving station 34 of the high frequency range, an algorithm is used to search for radiation of the radio signal, as one of the methods for determining the state of the channel (free or busy). To detect a radio signal, the receiver estimates the lower threshold of the noise level based on measuring the signal power in the channel, regardless of the detection of the desired training sequence. The presence of a signal in the channel is characterized by the amount of power recorded in the channel, exceeding the estimate of the lower threshold of the noise power. To detect busy channels at the physical level, for example, the following procedures can be used:

- Learning sequence detection: a channel is considered busy if a learning sequence is detected, followed by a flag - data frame label;

- channel power measurement: regardless of the ability of the ground station 18 (19) or the HF receiving station 34 to detect a significant training sequence, the channel is considered occupied after increasing the channel power to four times the lower threshold of the noise power for half the time interval allocated for evaluation channel.

The frequencies of the M receivers during scanning change synchronously at operating points well-known for a given region, for example, with a shift (B-M) of positions, where B is the number of possible (in the service area) LPD modes. When a radio signal is detected, scanning stops and reception and processing of the message begins. In some cases, the channel unit 22 may be permanently assigned to a specific LPD, in which there is a continuous data exchange between subscribers of the central station. In the service area with a high intensity of aircraft flights, a specific channel unit 22 can be permanently fixed to each LPD.

Using the nodes of the ground station 18 (19) or stations 34 and 35 of the high frequency range in simplex mode, the following physical layer functions are provided:

- control of the operating frequency of the transmitter and receiver;

- receiving data by the receiver;

- data transmission by the transmitter;

- notification services, including measurement of reception time;

- listening to the radio channel.

Improving the reliability of information transfer is provided as follows. If the first calculator 21 receives a notification from BOX 9 that a message has been sent to the aircraft at the moment, and the corresponding receipt has not been received from the aircraft, and this situation continues for a long time, then a decision is made about the failure of the corresponding element and using two-way communications through nodes 10, 11, 6 (or 4, 20), 5 (or 36, 49) to the first transmitter 21 of ground stations 18 or 19, a corresponding message is transmitted and a transition to a backup ground station 19 is initiated with the issuance of information about the malfunction. To ensure uninterrupted operation, ground stations 18 and 19 are reserved by the principle of hot standby. Failure of one element of the station does not violate its performance. Due to the uncorrelated radio signals of the HF and VHF bands, the reliability of communication is increased, including beyond the radio horizon.

The principles of signal generation and processing at stations 34 and 35 of the HF band are similar to those considered at stations 18 (19) of the VHF band. Combining the data received from the ground station 22 via the VHF radio channels and the high frequency receiving station 34 located nearby is carried out in the first calculator 21. For this, the calculator 47 of the high frequency receiving station 34 is connected by two-way communications directly to the first calculator 21 of the main ground station 18 , for example, in accordance with the Ethernet protocol. To protect powerful radio signals from “creeping” into the antenna input 43, the position at which the transmitting station of the 35 HF range is located is removed beyond the line of sight from the receiving station 34. Therefore, the calculator 37 of the remote transmitting station 35 of the HF range is connected by two-way communications via series-connected (2m +4) 36th and (2m + 5th) 49th modems and a communication line not shown in the figure, like other lines, to the first calculator 21 of the main ground station 18.

The RF receiving station 34 consists of serially connected by two-way connections of the calculator 47 of the high-frequency receiving station, the third digital filter 46, the second analog-to-digital converter 45, the second receiver 44, the high-frequency input of which is connected to the receiving antenna 43 of the high-frequency range. The input / output control 48 of the calculator 47 of the receiving station 34 of the high frequency range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the third digital filter 46, the second analog-to-digital converter 45, and the second receiver 44.

The high-frequency transmitting station 35 consists of serially connected by two-way communications of the calculator 37 of the high-frequency transmitting station 35, the second digital-to-analog converter 38, the fourth digital filter 39, the second transmitter 40, the high-frequency output of which is connected to the transmitting antenna 41 of the high-frequency range. The input / output of the control 42 of the calculator 37 of the transmitting station 35 of the high frequency range is connected by two-way connections to the respective inputs / outputs of the second digital-to-analog converter 38, the fourth digital filter 39, and the second transmitter 40.

When transmitting data in the HF band from terrestrial consumers to final airborne systems, a packet message containing the recipient address (board address) and the sender address received at input / output 33 is processed in BOS 2 (nodes 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 ) and after packing in the router 11, for example, in the form of an ISO 8208 packet, it is transmitted via modems 6 and 5 to the first computer 21 of the main ground station 18, which performs the functions of the data link layer of the reference model for the interaction of open systems (EMBOS). Then, the generated message is transmitted to the transmitter 37 of the transmitting station 35 of the high frequency range, which performs the functions of the physical layer of the reference model of interaction of open systems, for example, by analogy with the HFDL system [4]:

- convolutional data coding for direct error correction;

- interleaving data to combat packetization errors due to fading and impulse noise;

- Converting a sequence of three or two or one bit into phase values of the subcarrier frequency signal;

- scrambling data to align the spectrum of the transmitted signal;

- the formation of a key synchronization sequence and preamble containing a known sequence for training an adaptive demodulator, and information about the data transfer rate and the depth of interleaving;

- the formation of short training sequences that are inserted into the stream of transmitted data to implement adaptive methods for receiving messages.

In the second digital-to-analog converter 38, discrete messages are converted to analog, and in the fourth digital filter 39, the following operations are performed:

- the formation of a given shape of the envelope of each symbol to provide a given spectral mask of the emitted signal;

- the formation of a radio signal, for example, with an upper sideband with a suppressed carrier with the corresponding radiation class.

After the operations of frequency synthesis, frequency conversion, filtering, amplification to the desired power level in the second transmitter 40 through the transmitting antenna 41 of the high frequency range, the radio signals are broadcast.

The received radio signals from the receiving antenna 43 of the high frequency range are supplied to the second receiver 44, which ensures matching with the output impedance of the antenna 43 and filtering the interfering radio signals.

The second analog-to-digital Converter 45, the parameters of which provide the requirements for a given dynamic range and speed, the third digital filter 46, the calculator 47 of the receiving station of the high frequency range, perform the functions of the physical level, namely: frequency conversion, filtering, frequency synthesis, demodulation, descrambling, deinterleaving, decoding with direct error correction. After carrying out these operations, the first calculator 21 of the main ground station provides protocols for selecting communication frequencies, composing a communication line, exchanging data for the access level to the air-ground subnet, fault-tolerant operation, and other procedures; adaptive methods for transmitting and receiving signals and checking for errors not previously fixed. In the absence of errors, the message is packaged in an ISO 8208 package and, through nodes 5, 6, 11, 10, are issued, for example, according to the X.25 protocol, for information input / output 33 to information consumers and together with data received via VHF radio channels, to the first block 15 display to create a complete picture of the current air situation. Similar information will be displayed on the second display unit 24.

Each transmitting station 35 HF range can communicate on several operating frequencies known to all participants in the movement, which are distributed between other transmitting stations in the HF range. The lists of allocated frequencies change depending on the time of the year, and the operating frequency for each station 35 (34) from the list of allocated frequencies is activated for every hour or two hours of the time of day. During movement, the aircraft makes contact, choosing for communication that station 35 (34), the conditions for the propagation of radio waves for communication with which at a given time are optimal. As soon as the quality of the communication channel degrades below an acceptable level, a new optimal operating frequency is selected on board based on an analysis of the propagation conditions of the radio waves. Thus, they provide high (of the order of 0.999) reliability of communication during data exchange with aircraft located from station 35 (34) at distances from several hundred to (4-6) thousand km.

Radio communication with the aircraft is provided in automatic mode without operator intervention at selected frequencies from the list of frequencies assigned during communication planning. The highest level of configurability implemented in the equipment of stations 18, 19, 34, 35 is fully flexible types of modulation, line level protocols, networks and user functions, the ability to change the signal bandwidth and center frequency according to the program over a wide range [4, 6, 7 ]. Thanks to this interaction, it becomes possible to create a transceiver air traffic control center operating in the HF and VHF bands.

Blocks and inputs / outputs 1-33 for the purpose and structure are the same with the prototype. They can be implemented on known serial elements and components. The introduced stations 34, 35 and their constituent nodes: 37-41, 44-47 and input / output 48 can be implemented on well-known serial devices: DKMV receivers and transmitters with an antenna type ASh-4, PC "Baget-01" with additional modules, respectively, modems 36 and 49 - on UPS-420 modems. The construction of flexible tunable and wide-band receivers and transmitters is known, for example, the M3TR radio station (M3-multiband, multimode, multifunction) from Rohde & Schwarz with a change in operating mode by downloading the appropriate software [6, 8, 7].

The central station of a mobile radio system has the following advantages:

- increases the reliability of communication due to the simultaneous exchange of data with the aircraft in the VHF and HF bands;

- simplifies the procedure for escort by air traffic controllers located outside the line of sight and approaching the boundaries of the VHF range;

- increase the range, reliability, efficiency of the air traffic control procedure;

- the proposed structure can solve the problems of the transition from the development of ground-based communication systems, the change in the characteristics of which is determined by the completion of the hardware, to devices that are easily upgraded based on software with the same hardware.

The advantages of the claimed structure are obvious:

- the service life is increased - the equipment life cycle in the conditions of continuous improvement of air-ground data exchange protocols;

- the number and nomenclature of spare property and accessories is reduced due to the use of similar units in equipment;

- the operation process is simplified - the replacement of a faulty radio-frequency module is carried out automatically by the same type of module for all ranges with the corresponding software entered;

- the cost of equipment modernization is reduced due to the correction of only software.

At the time of application submission developed: functioning algorithms and fragments of the corresponding software of the claimed central station.

LITERATURE:

1. RF patent No. 2195774 M.cl. HB04 7/26, 2002.

2. RF patent №2245001 M.cl. HB04 7/26, 2005.

3. RF patent №2308175 M.cl. HB04 7/30, 2007 (prototype).

4. B.I. Kuzmin “Digital Telecommunication Networks and Systems”, part 1 “ICAO CNS / ATM Concept. Moscow - St. Petersburg: - NIIER OJSC, 1999. - 206 p.

5. V.V. Bochkarev, G.A. Kryzhanovsky, N.N. Sukhikh. Automated air traffic control. M .: - Transport, 1999.319 s.

6. A.V. Keistovich, L.M. Vdovin. Requirements for the characteristics of a multi-mode ground station for the organization of VHF air-to-ground data transmission lines. / Collection of articles of the V International scientific and technical conference "Cybernetics and technology of the XXI century." Voronezh. 2004.S. 495-500 /.

7. SPEAKeasy program. International Symposium on Modern Radio Technologies. US Air Force ROME Research Laboratory. // Internet / -2002

8. Tactical communications equipment JTR provides for the needs of special forces. destination. // Internet, 02.26.2002.

Claims (1)

The central station of a radio communication system with moving objects, containing a message processing unit (BOC), a group of 2m modems, a primary and backup ground stations, each of which contains a first receiver, a first transmitter, a (2m + 1) -th modem, a channel signal processing unit (BOX), and the main and reserve ground stations are connected by two-way communications to the BOC via the (2m + 2) -th and (2m + 3) -th modems, respectively, the reception blocking block, the output of which is connected to the input of the first receiver, the first input / output BOS is connected in series through (2m + 2) -th with the (2m + 1) -m modem, the first calculators of the main and reserve ground stations are connected by two-way communications with the corresponding inputs / outputs of the BOX, the inputs / outputs of the calculators of ground stations through the corresponding modems are connected to the inputs / outputs of the router, (2m + 1) -th modem, second control panel, second display unit, second message storage unit, similar to the first computer located in the backup ground station, the control bus of the computer with two-way communications is connected to the corresponding input m / outputs of the first receiver, the first transmitter, the reception blocking block, BOX, the first and second digital filters, the first analog-to-digital converter, the first digital-to-analog converter, the BOX output through series-connected the first digital-to-analog converter, the second digital filter, the first transmitter, the high-frequency isolation is connected to the antenna, which, in turn, through series-connected high-frequency isolation, a blocking block reception, the first receiver, the first analog-to-digital converter The indexer, the first digital filter is connected to the input of the BOX, the input / output of the format conversion unit is the input / output of the station for information consumers, 2m input / output of the BOC through 2m of the corresponding modems are low-frequency input / output of the stations, the initial installation of the clock pulse generator and the format conversion unit in biofeedback it is carried out by applying a “Reset” signal to the corresponding inputs, m is the total number of interfaced ground stations in the zone, in biofeedback the format conversion unit is connected by a two-way and communications with the router, the address base storage unit, the charging unit, the first message storage unit, the first display unit, the first control panel, the clock generator is connected to the clock inputs of the format conversion unit, the router, the address base storage unit, the charging unit, the first message storage unit , the first display unit, the first control panel, the address base storage unit is connected by two-way communications with the router and the charging unit, 2m router inputs / outputs connected to the corresponding inputs / outputs of 2m modems, characterized in that an RF range receiving station is inserted into it, the computer of which is connected by two-way communications to the first computer of the main ground station, and the radio-frequency station is transmitting by a computer of which is connected by two-way communications through serial connected (2m + 4 ) -th and (2m + 5) -th modems to the calculator of the main ground station, the receiving station of the high-frequency range consists of series-connected with two-way connections of the computer of the receiving station of the high-frequency a band, a third digital filter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a second receiver, the high-frequency input of which is connected to the receiving antenna of the high-frequency range, the input / output of the control of the computer of the receiving station of the high-frequency range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the third digital filter, the second analog-to-digital the converter, the second receiver, and the transmitting station of the high-frequency range consists of series-connected by two-way connections of the transmitter of the transmitting station of the high-frequency range a, a second digital-to-analog converter, a fourth digital filter, a second transmitter, the high-frequency output of which is connected to the transmitting antenna of the high-frequency range, the input / output of the control of the transmitter of the transmitting station of the high-frequency range is connected by two-way connections to the corresponding inputs / outputs of the second digital-to-analog converter, fourth digital filter, and the second transmitter .

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