RU118781U1 - SET FOR TEACHING THE LITERATURE "ABC IN PALES" - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A set for teaching children to read and write, including the carriers of the letters of the alphabet, characterized in that the carriers of the letters are made in the form of figures with different colors, while the vowel letters are made on rings in one color, consonants are made on circles and / or volumetric, and solid and soft consonants are executed in two different colors, different from the color with which the vowels are filled; additionally, the kit includes means for placing letters, a foam rubber piano with sound tracks of various colors, bracelets without bells and bracelets with bells, and the bracelets are made in colors corresponding to hard and soft consonants. ! 2. A set according to claim 1, characterized in that a child's hand is used as a means for placing letters. ! 3. A set according to claim 1, characterized in that the vowels are in red, hard consonants are in blue, and soft consonants are in green. ! 4. The set according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound tracks of the foam rubber are made in red, blue and green. ! 5. The set according to claim 1, characterized in that the Su Jok massage ring is used as the rings.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of pedagogy and can be used at home and in preschool educational institutions as a developmental aid, which helps to teach children to read and write.

Various typesetting boxes of letters, punctuation marks and numbers are widely used in the practice of teaching children to read and write, which are used to form words, a sequence of characters corresponding to letters, punctuation marks, which are placed in the grooves of the box office.

The main disadvantage of these traditional technical teaching aids is the low efficiency at the initial stage of children with limited mental activity due to the lack of consideration of the structure (anatomy) of the symbol based on the order of its graphic display when writing, which prevents the obtaining of the technical result achieved by the claimed objects.

Known game alphabet (Alphabet Trofimcheva), which contains elements in the form of letters, numbers, signs with fasteners made in one piece with the elements, while the fasteners are made in the form of at least one suction cup, and the fasteners and elements are made from rubber (p. RF No. 2066070, G09B 1/00, G09B 17/00. publ. 08.27.1996).

The disadvantage of this set of elements is the monotony of learning, and the lack of a color scheme leads to the fact that children quickly lose interest in learning. As a result, intellectual and cognitive processes are not sufficiently activated. In addition, the use of this training kit leads to rapid fatigue of children, since when using the alphabet you need to take any character by pressing its body, fasteners (suction cups) touch a smooth surface and fix the character. When removing a symbol, pull it towards you. As a result, this alphabet is almost unacceptable for literacy education for children suffering from alalia, severe dysarthria, Down syndrome, autistic spectrum, etc.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a sound alphabet for accelerated learning to read. The alphabet contains cards on which, next to the letter of the alphabet, a picture of the sound source corresponding to the reading of the given letter in the word is shown, while in the sound alphabet next to the image of the sound source corresponding to the reading of this letter in the word, the question is asked what sound this source emits shown in the figure, which allows you to organize the process of memorizing the sounds of the audio alphabet during early learning in the form of a game, and each sound of the audio alphabet is depicted in the form of uppercase and lowercase printed and opisnyh corresponding letters (n. 2,384,890 RF, G01B 17/00, publ. 27.02.2009).

The disadvantages of this kit for teaching children to read and write should be that it is ineffective for teaching children with speech problems and behavioral characteristics of the emotional-volitional sphere, as well as a low level of cognitive activity. The use of this alphabet does not make it possible to compensate for speech, motor and communicative insufficiency of a child at home or in a mass group of a kindergarten.

The problem solved by the claimed utility model is to create a kit for literacy, providing verbal stimulation of the child; creating interest in literacy; learning the basics of sound-alphanumeric analysis; elimination of speech disorders of various etiologies; the development of fine motor skills of the hands; development of interhemispheric interaction; prevention of dyslexia and dysgraphia; reducing anxiety of parents and children in the process of preparing for school.

The problem is solved in that in the well-known set for teaching letters containing letter carriers, according to the claimed technical solution, the alphabet carriers are made in the form of figures having a different color scheme, and the vowels are executed on the ringlets in one color, the consonants are executed on the circles and / or voluminous, while hard and soft consonants are made in two different colors, different from the color that the vowels are made. Additionally, the kit includes means for accommodating letter carriers, a foam rubber piano with soundtracks of various colors, bracelets without bells and bracelets with bells, and the bracelets are made in colors corresponding to the hard and soft consonants.

The use of letters in different colors in the set contributes to the successful teaching of children to read and write, creating interest in learning. In practice, it has been established that the best color version of the kit for teaching children to read and write, contributing to the solution of the task, is to perform vowels on the ringlets in red, solid consonants in circles in blue, and soft consonants in circles in green. At the same time, the diameter of the circles should not exceed the size of the children's palm, which allows not only to interest the child in learning, but also provides the child with ease of handling the elements of the training kit, increases attention, and develops spatial representations. In the end result, this increases fine and large motility, reduces fatigue, increases the ability for voluntary control, and activates intellectual and cognitive processes.

Using a child as a means to place letters (fingers are used to place vowels and palms to place consonants) a child significantly reduces the cost of a set for teaching children to read and write and allows you to organize instruction in a fun way, as well as contributes to the natural correction of speech with finger movements hands. As a result, the use of the claimed kit for literacy allows preschool children to easily, with enthusiasm, master the correct sound pronunciation, sound and letter analysis, syllabic reading; differentiation of adjacent sounds and improves the finely-coordinated movements of the fingers, which, in the final result, stimulates interhemispheric interaction.

The inclusion of a foam rubber piano with soundtracks of red, blue and green colors in the literacy training kit introduces children to the sounds of the corresponding letters, and since the tracks are made in the colors corresponding to vowels, hard and soft consonants, it allows children to become familiar with and better remember the features of the alphabet.

The inclusion of blue and red bracelets with bells and without bells in the kit allows you to familiarize the child with deaf and voiced consonants. Bracelets with bells are worn on the child’s wrists when meeting with voiced consonants ((B, B, D, D, G, Z, G, B, B, G, G, L, L, R, P, M, M, N, N, J) Bracelets without bells are put on the child’s wrists when meeting deaf consonants.

As rings for vowels in a set for literacy, you can use the Su Jok massage ring. This will allow you to simultaneously introduce elements of massage into the learning process, which has an additional positive effect on the development and health of the child. An elastic Su Jok massage ring allows you to simultaneously produce fast and intense stimulation of many Su Jok points located around the circumference of the finger. Therefore, circular massage is indicated in the treatment of diseases of the spine (osteochondrosis, trauma, herniated discs, etc.), large joints and long bones). Depending on the intensity of the procedure, Su Jok massage with a massage ring has a relaxing or tonic effect. Soft slow movements of the massage ring with a gradual increase or decrease in the pressure force on the ring cause relaxation, which is used, for example, to increase muscle tone in a child.

Additionally, a set for teaching children to read and write includes rings with two vowels and voluminous consonants for recognizing letters by touch.

A set for teaching children to read and write is presented in figures 1-6, where, in figure 1 - shows a view of the carrier with a vowel; figure 2 is a view of the carrier with a consonant letter; figure 3 - bracelet; figure 4 - bracelet with a bell; figure 5 is a view of bulk consonants; figure 6 is a view of the medium with two vowels; Fig.7 is a top view of the foam rubber piano.

The kit for teaching children literacy is used as follows. At the first stage, the child becomes acquainted with vowel sounds-letters. There are 6 sounds in Russian: A, O, U, S, I, E and 10 vowels: 10 fingers - 10 rings. On each finger of the right and left hands we put a ring (Fig. 1), on which a vowel is written in red.

BUT 0 At S E Right hand I AM Yo YU AND E Left hand

Starting learning sounds and letters, use the technique of voice guidance on the soundtrack by swiping it with your finger. To memorize each vowel sound, games are used to form sound perception, phonemic hearing and sound analysis. For example: “Who lives in the house?”, “Song on the ladder” (on the foam rubber piano), “Where did the sound hide?” (Determining the position of the sound in a word), finger exercises using sounds of the first and second row, correlating sounds with letters on ringlets of the right and left hand.

The game "Fingers get to know", where the thumb sequentially touches the other fingers of the same hand - AO, AU, AY, AE. The child “introduce fingers and pronounce sounds in pairs. A similar movement with the fingers of the left hand is I-E, I-Y, I-I, I-E.

This game is basic for teaching a child to read and write. It helps to develop a consistent coordinated movement of the fingers, which in turn contributes to the development of speech and motor centers of the cerebral cortex.

Then the fingers of the right and left hands are “introduced” in the game “Fingers greet”.

The thumb of the right hand “gets acquainted” with the thumb of the left hand - AZ, then the other fingers “get acquainted” in succession: OY, UYU, YI, EE. “Acquaintance” can be sequential, where the same-named fingers touch each other in turn and at the same time pairs of letter sounds are pronounced.

A more difficult level of the game with the opposite fingers of the right and left hand touching. For example: the thumb of the right hand "gets acquainted" with the middle finger of the left hand - A-Yu, etc.

In this case, you can use the ring with two vowels (Fig.6), this allows the student to see the letter, both on the front side of the palm and on its back side.

These exercises contribute to the quick memorization of sounds and letters in a playful way and develop interhemispheric interaction.

Only after the child has learned the position of the vowels on the fingers of the hands, is the child acquainted with consonants and letters

They begin acquaintance with consonants, relying on safe sounds that the child can clearly pronounce. Proper articulation and voice guidance on the soundtracks of the foam rubber piano (Fig. 7) for long-lasting consonants make it easier to remember a new letter. Carriers with different consonants are alternately placed in the palms of the hands (Fig. 2).

The child will easily “walk” along the sound track with the sounds: M, H, X, B, F. These are the sounds that most children make.

It is undesirable to teach those letter sounds that the child does not pronounce. For example: С, З, Ц, Ш, Ж, Ч, Щ, Л, R. If a child does not pronounce these sounds, you need to contact a speech therapist for help. Only after corrective work is it possible to continue training.

Keep in mind that the sound and letter in this technique sound the same. For example: C is the letter, C is the sound, not the letter "eS".

The child learns to memorize the sound-letter by moving his finger along the soundtrack of the foam rubber piano, which can be different in configuration: wavy, broken, in the form of a maze, snail, steps, etc.

/ \

M ________ [M]

The kid learns to hear and distinguish the sound letter in the composition of the word (beginning, middle, end), looking at the pictures or at the hearing; design a letter from various small objects (buttons, stones, sticks, sweets, etc.).

Then, having mastered this sound-letter, we put a three-dimensional letter, made as shown in figure 5, on his right palm. For example: M. And we ask the child with his eyes closed to guess which letter is hidden in his palm. So the child learns to remember the letter, focusing on tactile sensations.

The next stage of the child is taught the syllable-merger. The game "On a visit." The vowel goes to the consonant along the sound track. The tracks will be different colors, depending on the first sound that sounds. It is important to consider that color perception is one of the main points in learning sound analysis. Red vowels and soundtracks are also red.

Consonants are hard and soft, respectively, are traditionally indicated in blue and green.

The closed syllable is sung:

A ________ M

About ________ M

MIND

S ________ M

EM

After that, the consonant “goes” to the vowel. Pull open syllable:

M ________ A

M ________ About

M ________ U

WE

M ________ E

The softness and hardness of the consonants depends on the subsequent vowel. Vowels of the first row indicate the hardness of the consonant, for example, Ma, Mo, My, We, Me.

Vowels of the second row indicate the softness of the consonants: Me, Me, Mu, Mi, Me.

The peculiarity of working with the left palm is that with its use only straight, open syllables are studied:

M ________ I

M ________ ё

M ________ Yu

M ________ AND

M ________ E

Games for consolidating a syllable-merge and memorizing syllables: "Make friends with all the fingers."

The game "Little Fingers Talking."

A) The thumb of the right hand "talks" with the other fingers of the same hand, touching twice - Ma-Mo, Ma-Mu, Ma-We, Ma-Me.

B) The thumb of the left hand "talk: Me-Me, Me-Mu, Me-Mi, Me-Me.

B) This version of the game allows you to introduce the child to the differentiation of consonants by hardness-softness. The thumb of the right hand speaks with the same finger of the left hand, touching twice - Ma-Me, Mo-Me, Mu-Mu, We-Mi, Me-Me.

D) Opposite fingers on different hands “talk”:

Ma-Mi, Mo-Me, etc.

Games using foam rubber piano:

A) “A song on a ladder>: ma-mo-mo-we-me

B) Chanting of pure sayings:

Ma - ma - ma - winter is in the yard.

Mo - mo - mo - the sun is rolling itself.

Mu - mo - mo - apple to whom?

We-we-we - we play fun.

Me-me-me-me said the lamb: "Me"

The game "Think up a word for a syllable"

Ma is the machine

Mo is the sea

Mu - music

We are the soap

Mae Mayor

Play with

Consonants that are pronounced briefly: P, B, T, D. K, G, Y are acquired by analogy with the previous group of consonants, only along the sound track they advance a little faster.

HELL

YES

Thus, the child, having gone through all the steps sequentially, is already familiar with the sounds that he makes, he learned to recognize letters and call them, merge letters into syllables and read them in different sequences, he became more dexterous in working with fingers. He knows that consonants are hard and soft - they travel along the soundtracks of blue and green. It remains to introduce him to voiced and deaf consonants.

In this case, use 4 bracelets: blue, green with bells (see figure 4) and blue, green without a bell (see figure 3). Bracelets with bells are worn on the wrists in the case when acquaintance with voiced consonants occurs (B, B, B, D, B, B, B, B, B, B, D, G, L, L, P, P, M, M , H, H, J).

Bracelets without bells are worn on the wrists when they are familiar with deaf consonants (P, Pb, T, Th, C, Cb, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, C, X, X).

Having laid the foundation of phonetic-phonemic analysis and synthesis, consolidating the concept of sound-letter and the skill of merging sounds and letters into syllables, they switch to differentiating sounds according to articulatory-acoustic signs, which is the prevention of various types of dysgraphia and dyslexia.

Currently, many younger schoolchildren confuse in writing and reading groups of sounds: whistling - hissing (S-Sh, Z-Zh, Ch-Ts, Ch-Sh), sonoric (LR, MN, L-Y ), front-lingual and back-lingual (T - K, D - G) and others.

To this end, use the already familiar game with fingers "Fingers talk."

The fingers of the right hand with the same name "speak" with the fingers of the same hand with the same name: "Sa-Sha, So-Sho, Su-Shu, Se-She, Sy-Shu."

Spelling of the Russian language involves the correct spelling of Zhi-Shi, Cha-Scha, Chu-Schu. In this case, instead of the rings with the letters Y, I, Yu, they put on the rings with the letters I, A, U. The child is given this rule, like a game. They explain to the kid that the letter «" be friends "with the letter And, etc. A little student visually remembers the correct spelling of syllables, not knowing this rule.

A more difficult level of the game "Fingers are talking": opposite fingers on different hands. For example: Sa-Shi, So-She, etc.

Using the claimed kit for literacy allows children to teach literacy using the ABC in the palm of your hand method in a short time, while providing ease of memorizing letter patterns, syllabic fusion training and the ability to distinguish consonants according to articulatory-acoustic characteristics. In the end result, the use of the proposed set in teaching children to read and write allows you to provide speech stimulation for the child, create interest in learning to read and write, eliminate speech disorders of various etiologies; contributes to the development of fine motor skills of the hands, interhemispheric interaction, as well as the prevention of dyslexia and dysgraphia.

Claims (5)

1. A set for teaching children to read and write, including bearers of letters of the alphabet, characterized in that the bearers of letters are made in the form of figures having a different color scheme, while the vowels are made on the ringlets in one color, the consonants are made on circles and / or voluminous, and solid and soft consonants are filled with two different colors, different from the color with which the vowels are filled; in addition, the kit includes a means for placing letters, a foam rubber piano with soundtracks of various colors, bracelets without bells and bracelets with bells, and the bracelets are made in colors corresponding to the hard and soft consonants. 2. The set according to claim 1, characterized in that as a means for placing letters use the hand of a child. 3. The set according to claim 1, characterized in that the vowels are red, the solid consonants are blue, and the soft consonants are green. 4. The kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the soundtracks of the foam rubber piano are made in red, blue and green. 5. The kit according to claim 1, characterized in that Su Jok massage ring is used as the rings.