RU117959U1 - UNDERGROUND MULTI-LEVEL Crypt - Google Patents

Abstract

An underground multi-level crypt containing a rectangular tomb room and a gravestone slab, made of reinforced concrete or similar durable material, consisting of isolated and located above each other compartments, with the possibility of top filling the crypt compartments, divided into economy, business and elite options, which differ in that that with the economy version of a two-level crypt - the structure is created from two compartments with the help of reinforced concrete pillars located at the edges of the grave and tombstones laid on these pillars; with the business version of a two or three-level crypt - the structure is created from two or three isolated compartments using a stepped wall from the inner side of the crypt and tombstones with eyelets superimposed on these steps, the walls of the crypt are installed on a reinforced concrete slab - the bottom of the crypt, and the grave slab with grooves-recesses along the side surfaces for installation provides protection for rain penetration into the interior space through the Yka with walls, with an elite version of a two-level crypt - the design differs from the business version in that two isolated compartments are created on the outer sides of the walls and the bottom of the crypt, a caisson is installed and in general the model differs in that the device is located in an underground space, crypt compartments for burial are located above each other, the technical possibility of filling the crypt compartments from above is realized.

Description

The field of technology to which the utility model relates is the construction of previously known devices - crypts in cemeteries for a new, more rational use and industrial creation to meet social needs. The utility model is applicable in the social sphere - in the allocated places of family (clan) graves of cemeteries, intended in the interests of large settlements and where there is a shortage of land for cemeteries.

State of the art

Today, with rising land prices, the development of underground space is becoming one of the main tasks of the construction industry. The solution to this problem is directly related to the cost of operating the facilities and the optimal use of the allocated land for the facilities under construction.

It is known that the Russian Orthodox Church suggested that the problem of shortage of places in Moscow cemeteries can be solved by reviving the tradition of family crypts (news from 03/05/2009, Interfax website - http://www.interfax-religion.ru/?act=news&div=29141 ), the essence of which is described below.

“One of the solutions to the problem of burial of people within the city of Moscow could be family crypts, in which different generations of the same family could be buried,” acting interfax said. Secretary for Church and Society Relations of the Department for External Church Relations Priest George Ryabykh.

Federal Law of 12.01.96 N 8-ФЗ "On burial and funeral affairs" and Decree of the Government of Moscow of March 26, 2002 N 213 "On the creation of places of family (clan) burial" determined that:

- burial is carried out by betraying the body (remains) of the deceased to the earth (burial in a grave, crypt),

- a plot for a single-level family (generic) burial in the ground can be provided in the following sizes (for burial of a body in a coffin): - 2.6 × 1 m; - 2.6 × 2 m; - 2.6 × 3 m.

Note. The size of the place for a family (clan) burial cannot exceed 12 square meters. meters.

The requirements for multilevel burials for the main points are defined in the adopted documents for the creation of mass graves during the burial of the bodies of the dead. These basic requirements are transferred when creating different options for constructing underground multi-level crypts for burial in the crypt compartments of the bodies of the dead in the coffin.

In accordance with SanPiN 2.1.1279-03, when a coffin is buried with a body, the depth of the grave should be set depending on local conditions (the nature of the soil and the level of groundwater standing), but not less than 1.5 m.

As a close analogue, you can bring an elevated multi-storey; crypt [http://www.rozavetrov.com) in the USA at the St.Louis cemetery in New Orleans, which the delegation of St. Petersburg got acquainted with at the NFDA Expo-2010 exhibition from 10-13.10.2010 (magazine “With Respect to the Memory” No. 12 (28), December 2010) and which has the same attribute with the model - the crypt is built in a multi-level form. The analogue differs from the claimed model in the following features: the crypt is above-ground, the bodies of the dead are located above the ground, the coffins are loaded into each compartment of the crypt from the side.

Utility Model Disclosure

Taking into account existing national legislation (putting the bodies of the dead to the ground, burial in a grave, a crypt), supporting the proposal of the Orthodox Church to bury the dead in family crypts and emerging problems of shortage of land in large settlements for cemeteries in accordance with existing sanitary standards, an application for a model is proposed - underground multilevel crypt.

Note. The issue of burials in columbaria is not considered. In contrast to the currently accepted underground single-level family (tribal) burials in cemeteries, the purpose of creating a useful model is a technical solution for creating stationary underground multi-level (two or more) crypts, consisting of separate crypt compartments for each coffin, in allocated places of family (tribal) burial of cemeteries, the civilized method of solving the deficit of land for family (tribal) burials in these cemeteries, the rational use of the allocated territory of cemeteries in accordance with the new provisions in the country on this issue.

The author suggests, depending on soil moisture at the level of lower burial sites in the underground space, that underground multilevel crypts can be created both without a caisson and with a caisson.

The following types of crypt schemes are proposed for the allocated sizes of the plots of family (tribal) burials:

Type 1 - economical version of a crypt of a two-level burial without a caisson (for plots of sizes: 2.6 × 1 m and 2.6 × 2 m),

Type 2 - a business version of a crypt of two or three-level burial without a caisson (for plots of size 2.6 × 1 m, 2.6 × 2 m, 2.6 × 3 m and for plots of 12 square meters or more),

Type 3 is an elite version of a two-tier burial vault with a caisson (for plots of size: 2.6 × 1 m, 2.6 × 2 m, 2.6 × 3 m, and for plots of 12 m2 or more).

The underground part of the crypt (tomb) is an isolated cryptic compartments located one above the other, each of which houses a coffin with the body of the deceased.

With the introduction of the model, the following technical result is achieved: an increase in the number of burials in the allocated unit of space for family (clan) burial in old and new cemeteries, which, as a result, is achieved by using a multi-level stationary crypt created from durable material and consisting of separate compartments for each coffin. The submission of the application was caused by the cause of the existing problem - lack of land in large settlements for cemeteries that meet the current sanitary standards.

Brief Description of the Drawings

As an example, the author gives the types of crypts in a plot of 2.6 × 1 m in size, taking into account the possibilities currently used by mechanization and. a method for convenient manual filling of crypts, which can be applied at any cemetery in the country.

The invention and some possible embodiments of underground multi-level crypt systems are illustrated by drawings, on which:

- figure 1 (Appendix No. 1) shows the drawing "System of a stationary underground multi-level crypt: without a caisson at a dedicated place of family (generic) burial (economy option for a plot of 2.6 × 1 m)",

- figure 2 (Appendix No. 2) shows a drawing, "System of a stationary underground multi-level crypt without a caisson 'in a dedicated place of family (generic) burial (business option for a plot of 2.6 × 1 m)",

- figure 3 (Appendix No. 3) shows the drawing "System of a stationary underground multi-level crypt with a caisson at a dedicated place of family (generic) burial (an elite version for a plot of 2.6 × 1 m)".

The construction of the economy version of the crypt (Appendix No. 1) consists of two isolated compartments (5) one above the other, each compartment is created using four reinforced concrete pillars (4) and covered with tombstones (3a and 3). The space between the plates is not isolated from the ground. In order to ensure the stability of the structure, for a simplified economy option, no more than two levels of burial were selected. A gravestone hill (2) is created on top of the upper level of burial and a gravestone plate - a stone tombstone (1) is installed at the burial place.

The construction of the business version of the crypt (Appendix No. 2) consists of three isolated compartments (5) one above the other, each compartment is created using a stepped wall from the inside of the crypt (4) and gravestones laid on these steps (3b, 3a, 3). The crypt walls are installed on a reinforced concrete slab - the bottom of the crypt (6). On top of the upper level of burial in the crypt space a grave hill is created (2) and at the burial place it is established: gravestone slab - stone gravestone (1).

The design of the elite crypt version (Appendix No. 3) differs from the business version of the crypt (Appendix No. 2) in that the crypt is created in a two-level version and is protected from groundwater by a caisson (7), which is installed on the outside of the walls (4) and the bottom (6 ) crypt. The material for the caisson (7) must be waterproof. The caisson is created in one piece (walls and bottom), welded from stainless steel or created from other durable materials with a service life of more than 100 years.

It is assumed that the material for creating the elements (pillars, walls, bottom, tombstones) of crypts (Appendices Nos. 1, 2 and 3), as “Products based on vibropressing technology or vibrocasting”, must comply with the following physical and mechanical characteristics according to GOST 17608-91 or better: compressive strength up to 400 kg / sq. cm, frost resistance - 200 cycles, water absorption - less than 6%.

To protect surface water leaks into the underground of a business (Appendix No. 2) or elite (Appendix No. 3) crypt options, it is necessary to provide for the crypt installation at the excavation stage to raise the upper level of the walls (4) of these crypts by about 15-20 cm from the surface of the earth.

In order to protect rain leaks into the closed inner space of the crypts (Appendices Nos. 2 and 3) and to reliably hold the tombstone (1) on the surface of the upper walls (4) of the crypt, place them. the junction (Appendix No. 4) is made stepped (figure 4) or at an angle (figure 5). The tombstone should “flush” close the walls of the crypt. The tombstone is made of reinforced concrete, marble or other material similar in strength.

To facilitate the installation of the tombstone (1) on the upper part of the closed crypt (Appendices Nos. 2 and 3), grooves-recesses of a rectangular (figure 4) or triangular (figure 5) are made on the outer side surfaces of this plate (Appendix No. 4) forms.

At the same time, for the convenience of installing tombstones (3b, 3a, 3) of crypts (Appendices No. 2 and 3) manually or using mechanical rigging, on the upper surfaces of these plates. (Appendix No. 5) 4 eyebands are installed stationary or removable (unscrewed) with rings (when removing the eye, a plug is installed in the hole of the plate under the eye). Accordingly (Appendix No. 5), Fig.6 shows a top view, and Fig.7 is a side view of the placement of the eyebrows.

Utility Model Implementation

It is advisable to create underground multilevel crypts in selected places of family (tribal) burials in areas with different types of soils.

It is advisable to use the economy version of a two-level crypt (Appendix No. 1) without a caisson when reconstructing former family (tribal) burials located in high, dry places.

It is advisable to use the business version of a two or three-level crypt (Appendix No. 2) without a caisson when creating burials in new areas when they are in high, dry places.

It is advisable to use an elite version of a two-level crypt (Appendix No. 3) with a caisson when the level of groundwater standing from the earth's surface is higher than the current sanitary standards:

- during the reconstruction of former burial grounds,

- when creating burials in new areas.

The application relates to one utility model with aggregate essential features sufficient to create several types of underground multi-level crypts, while the combination of essential features of each of them coincides: crypt, underground, multi-level, stationary, the main material used with the same physical and mechanical characteristics, a common goal the use of crypts - the burial of the bodies of the deceased in the crypt compartments in selected places of cemeteries.

At the modern level, the creation of these crypts is possible in ordinary industrial building production.

The essence of the proposed utility model meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.2882-11 and the church's proposals regarding the available burial possibilities, burials in family crypts, and refusal to cremate Orthodox Christians.

The author is not aware of technical solutions with the essential features given in the characterizing part of the claims.

The list of drawings:

- Appendix No. 1 - drawing “System of a stationary underground multi-level crypt without a caisson. in a dedicated place of family (generic) burial (economy option for a plot of 2.6 × 1 m) ",

- Appendix No. 2 - drawing “The system of a stationary underground multi-level crypt without a caisson at a dedicated place of family (generic) burial (business option for a plot of 2.6 × 1 m)”,

- Appendix No. 3 - drawing “The system of a stationary underground multi-level crypt with a caisson at a dedicated place of family (generic) burial (elite version for a plot of 2.6 × 1 m)”,

- Appendix No. 4 - drawing of the details of a stationary underground multi-level crypt.

- Appendix, No. 5 - drawing of the details of a stationary underground multi-level crypt (continued).

Information confirming the possibility of creating a utility model is reflected in the following list of documents :,

1. http://samara.stroyka.ru, A.A.Shilin from 08/26/2010 "Development of the underground space (origin and development)",

2. The newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" dated 05/30/2011, Nikita Mironov "The capital is great, but there is no place to bury",

3. Federal Law of 12.01.96 No. 8-FZ "On Burial and Funeral",

4. Decree of the Moscow Government of March 26, 2002 No. 213 "On the creation of places of family (clan) burial",

5. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of April 8, 2003 No. 35 "On the entry into force of SanPiN2L.1279-03".

6. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 2011 No. 84 of Moscow "On approval of SanPiN 2.1.2882-11" Hygienic requirements for the placement, construction and maintenance of cemeteries, buildings and structures for funeral purposes ",

7.http: //www.interfax-religion.ru/? Act = news & div = 29141. News of March 05, 2009, “The problem of shortage of places in Moscow cemeteries can be solved by reviving the tradition of family crypts, they believe in the Church”;

8. Magazine “With Respect for Memory” No. 12 (28), December 2010 “Representatives of the funeral industry of St. Petersburg visited the international exhibition NFDA Expo-2010”, New Orleans, USA.

9. http://www.rozavetrov.com/onthemap/neworleans/pict024.htm “Photo. A sample of a multi-story crypt at St-Louis Cemetery in New Orleans. ”

10. GOST 17608-91 “Products by technology of vibropressing or vibrocasting”.

Claims (1)

An underground multilevel crypt, containing a rectangular tomb room and a gravestone, made of reinforced concrete or similar strong material, consisting of insulated and superimposed compartments, with the possibility of top filling the crypt compartments, divided into economy, business and elite options, which differ in that that with the economical version of a two-level crypt - the structure is created from two compartments using reinforced concrete pillars located at the edges of the grave and tombstones laid on these crowds, in the business version of a two or three-level crypt - the structure is created from two or three isolated compartments using a stepped wall on the inside of the crypt and tombstones with eyelets superimposed on these steps, the crypt walls are installed on a reinforced concrete slab - the bottom of the crypt, and the tombstone with grooves on the side surfaces for installation protects the penetration of rain into the interior through the junction with the walls, with an elite version of a two-level crypt - the design is different It differs from the business option in that two isolated compartments are created from the outer sides of the walls and the bottom of the crypt, a caisson is installed and the model as a whole differs in that the device is located in the underground space, the crypt compartments for burials are located one above the other, the technical possibility of filling the crypt compartments is realized from above.