RU117252U1 - PNEUMATIC SOWING UNIT OF DRUM TYPE "PVABT-01" - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Pneumatic sowing device of drum type, containing a fixed hollow axle (1) with holes (2) for air suction and a branch pipe (3) for connection to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum (4) with holes (5) for sucking seeds outside, installed on the axle (1) with the possibility of rotation, the hopper (6) for seed supply, adjacent to the outside of the drum (4) in the seed loading area, a screening device (7) installed inside the drum (4) on the axle (1), in contact with the inner the surface of the drum (4) and overlapping the holes (5) in it from the inside in the seed discharge zone, as well as the receiver (8) of sown seeds, installed outside the drum (4) in the seed discharge zone, characterized in that the shielding device (7) is made in in the form of a sliding element (9), which contacts the inner surface of the drum (4) opposite the seed discharge zone, and at the point of contact forms a shielding angular sector α of the sliding element (9) of the shielding device (7), which blocks the vacuum and overlaps at least two transverse rows of holes in the drum (4) from the inside. ! 2. A pneumatic drum-type metering device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shielding corner sector α of the sliding element (9) of the shielding device (7), which blocks the vacuum, is α = 30-270 °. ! 3. A pneumatic drum-type seeding device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sliding element (9) of the shielding device (7) is made in the form of at least one curved petal (10) made of an elastic plate material and fixed by the ends using brackets (11, 12) on the axis (1) so that it is curved in the middle

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to sowing devices of drum type with suction devices.

The prior art pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type, which include:

"Pneumatic sowing apparatus" SU 946432 (Moldavian Order of the Red Banner of Labor Scientific Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture and Horticulture) IPC: А01С 7/04; 07/30/1977 [1];

"Pneumatic sowing apparatus" SU 1727618 A1 (Orenburg Agricultural Institute) IPC: А01С 7/04; 04/23/1992 [2];

“Pneumatic sowing apparatus” SU 1813334 A1 (Orenburg Agricultural Institute) IPC: А01С 7/04; 05/07/1993 [3];

"Pneumatic sowing apparatus" RU 2204892 C2 (Orenburg State Agrarian Institute) IPC: А01С 7/04; 05/27/2003 [4];

“Pneumatic hanging device” UA 49544 A (Golovko B.R., Voichak G.V., Migas O.P. and Shevtsova B.Ya.) IPC: А01С 7/04; 09/16/20023 [5];

"Precision seeddrill" EP 0598636 A2 (Cemagref, FR) A01C 7/04; 05/25/1994 [5];

"Single grain seeder" EP 1884152 A1 (AMAZONEN WERKE DREVER H, DE) А01С 7/04; 02/06/2008 [6];

"Device for counting and / or detecting small bodies" EP 2044828-A2 (AMAZONEN WERKE DREVER H, DE) A01C 7/10; 04/08/2009 [7];

"Pneumatic single-grain seeder" EP 2067396 A1 (AMAZONEN WERKE DREVER H, DE) A01C 7/04; 06/10/2009 [8];

"Pneumatische Einzelkomsamaschine" DE 102007007868 A1 (AMAZONEN WERKE DREVER H, DE) A01C 7/04; 06/10/2009 [9];

"Pneumatic single-grain seeder, has deployed pipes with frontal ends aligned perpendicular to central line, where line in longitudinal extension of region with its straight extension cuts circumference of drum" DE 102008007514 A1 (AMAZONEN WERKE DREVER H, DE) A01C 7/04 ; 08/06/2009 [10].

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type [1-10] contain a fixed hollow axis with holes for suctioning air and a nozzle for connecting to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum with holes for sucking outside seeds mounted on the axis with the possibility of rotation, a hopper for feeding seeds adjacent outside to the drum, and a shielding device mounted inside the drum on the axis, in contact with the inner surface of the drum and blocking the holes in it from the inside in the seed discharge zone.

The shielding device is made in the form of either a roller or a roller.

The main disadvantages of the known pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type [1-10] is the complexity of the shielding devices.

The prior art also knows the pneumatic drum type sowing device closest to the claimed by the number of common features and the achieved result, comprising a fixed hollow axis with holes for suctioning air and a pipe for connecting to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum with holes for suctioning outside the seeds mounted on rotary axis, seed hopper adjacent to the outside of the drum in the seed loading area, a shielding device mounted inside the drum on SI, in contact with the inner surface of the drum and blocking the holes inside it in the seed discharge zone, as well as a seed meter installed outside the drum in the seed discharge zone [“Pneumatic sowing apparatus with a nesting device” RU 2283568 C2 (Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Orenburg State Agrarian University (OGAU) (RU) IPC A01C 7/04, 09/20/2006, the closest analogue is the prototype] [11].

The shielding device is made in the form of a roller.

The main disadvantages of the known pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type [11] are the complexity of the shielding device and the need to install a powerful vacuum source that requires a large energy consumption.

This is due to the fact that the shielding device is made in the form of a roller with a complex suspension system, which in the zone of discharge of seeds overlaps along the generatrix of the roller one longitudinal row of holes of the vacuum drum, that is, only along the line of contact with the inner surface of the drum.

At the same time, through the remaining free openings of the drum from the discharge area to the installation area of the hopper, which are free from seeds, air is drawn in.

This necessitates the use of a powerful source of rarefaction, requiring large energy consumption, which is not very suitable for pneumatic sowing devices mounted on agricultural mini-equipment facilities, for example, walk-behind tractors.

The utility model is based on the technical task of improving a pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type by making a shielding device from simple parts with a developed contact surface interacting with the inner surface of the drum in such a way that it covers a larger number of holes with its contact sector, which significantly reduces the area of free holes, through which air is drawn into the drum from the atmosphere.

The technical result that is achieved by solving the technical problem and using the advanced pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type is that the design of the shielding device is simplified, the power of the vacuum source is reduced and energy consumption is reduced, which makes it possible to use the improved pneumatic sowing device at agricultural facilities , for example, on motoblocks.

The technical task is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in a pneumatic sowing device of a drum type containing a fixed hollow axis with holes for suctioning air and a nozzle for connecting to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum with holes for sucking outside seeds mounted on the axis with the possibility rotation, a hopper for feeding seeds adjacent to the outside of the drum in the seed loading zone, a shielding device mounted on an axis inside the drum, in contact with the inside the surface of the drum and the inside of the hole covering the inside of the seed discharge zone, as well as the seed meter installed outside the drum in the seed discharge zone, characterized in that the shielding device is made in the form of a sliding element that contacts the inner surface of the drum opposite the seed discharge zone, and at the point of contact forms a screening angular sector α of the sliding element of the screening device, which blocks the vacuum and overlaps at least two transverse rows of holes of the drum on the inside.

The implementation of the shielding device in the form of a sliding element that contacts the inner surface of the drum opposite the zone of discharge of seeds, and at the point of contact forms a screening angular sector α of the sliding element of the shielding device, which blocks the vacuum and overlaps at least two transverse rows of holes of the drum with the inner the side simplifies the design of the shielding device, significantly reduces the area of the holes through which air is drawn into the drum from the atmosphere.

This makes it possible to use a low-power rarefaction source, reduces energy consumption, which makes it possible to use an improved pneumatic sowing apparatus at agricultural mini-equipment facilities, for example, walk-behind tractors.

As experiments have shown, the greatest saving in energy consumption, while ensuring the efficient operation of a pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type, is achieved when the sector α of the lobe of the shielding device that blocks the vacuum is α = 30-270 °.

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type can be made in several modifications of the sliding element of the shielding device (modifications 1, 2, 3).

The sliding element of the shielding device can be made in the form of at least one curved blade made of elastic plate material and fixed with brackets on the axis with its ends so that the curved middle part is firmly pressed against the inner surface of the drum opposite the seed discharge zone ( modification 1).

The sliding element of the shielding device can be made in the form of a ski with an outer surface curved in the shape of the inner surface of the drum, which is rigidly mounted on the axis with the help of a rod so that it curls against the inner surface of the drum against the seed discharge zone (modification 2 )

The sliding element of the shielding device, the sliding element of the shielding device can be made, made in the form of a ski with an outer surface curved in the shape of the inner surface of the drum, which is resiliently mounted on the axis with the help of the shaft of the guide sleeve and the spring so that it is resiliently curved by the outer surface and tightly pressed to the inner surface of the drum opposite the zone of discharge of seeds (modification 3).

In the future, the utility model is illustrated by a detailed example of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 1), General view, a longitudinal section.

Figure 2 shows the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 1), General view, cross section.

Figure 3 shows the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 2), General view, a longitudinal section.

Figure 4 shows the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type 9 modification 2), General view, cross section.

Figure 5 shows the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 3), General view, a longitudinal section.

Figure 6 shows the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 3), General view, cross section.

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modifications 1, 2, 3) (Figs. 1-6) contains a fixed hollow axis 1 with holes 2 for suctioning air and a nozzle 3 for connecting to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum 4 with holes 5 for sucking outside seeds mounted on the axis 1 with rotation, a hopper 6 for feeding seeds adjacent to the outside of the drum 4 in the seed loading zone, a shielding device 7 installed inside the drum 4 on the axis 1, in contact with the inner surface of the drum 4 and covering the holes 5 in m from the inside in the zone of discharge of seeds, as well as a receiver 8 of sown seeds installed outside the drum 4 in the zone of discharge of seeds.

The main design feature of the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modifications 1, 2, 3) is that the shielding device 7 is made in the form of a sliding element 9, which contacts the inner surface of the drum 4 opposite the seed discharge zone, and forms a screening corner sector at the contact point α of the sliding element 9 of the shielding device 7, which blocks the vacuum and overlaps at least two transverse rows of holes of the drum 4 from the inside.

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type has additional features that clarify the main ones and create an additional technical result.

The angular screening sector α of the sliding element 9 of the shielding device 7, which blocks the vacuum, is α = 30-270 °.

The sliding element 9 of the shielding device 7 can be made in the form of at least one curved lobe 10 made of elastic plate material and fixed by the ends with brackets 11, 12 on the axis 1 so that it is tightly pressed against the inner curved middle part the surface of the drum 4 opposite the zone of discharge of seeds (modification 1) (figure 1, 2).

The sliding element 9 of the shielding device 7 can be made in the form of a ski 13 with an outer surface curved in the shape of the inner surface of the drum, which, with the help of the rod 14, is rigidly mounted on the axis 1 so that it 13 is curved against the inner surface of the drum 4 opposite the zone of discharge of seeds (modification 2) (figure 3, 4).

The rod 14 is connected with the ski 13 and the axis 1 using welded joints.

The sliding element 9 of the shielding device 7 can be made in the form of a ski 13 with an outer surface curved in the shape of the inner surface of the drum, which is resiliently mounted on the axis 1 with the help of the rod 15 of the guide sleeve 16 and the spring 17 so that it 13 has a curved outer surface elastically and tightly pressed against the inner surface of the drum 4 opposite the zone of discharge of seeds (modification 3) (Fig.5, 6).

The rod 15 is connected to the ski 13 using a welded joint.

The rod 15 is installed inside the guide sleeve 16 on a sliding fit with the possibility of longitudinal movement.

The guide sleeve 16 is connected to the axis 1 by means of a welded joint.

The spacer spring 17 is installed inside the guide sleeve 16 and abuts on the one hand in the axis 1, and on the other hand in the end face of the rod 15.

Drum 4 (modifications 1-3) (Figs. 1, 3, 5) is prefabricated and includes a pulley case 18 and a casing 19 fixed to the pulley case 18 with screws 20.

The pulley case 18 is designed to be connected using a belt drive with a drive (not shown in the drawings) and mounted on the axis 1 using a rolling bearing 21.

The brackets 11, 12 (modification 1) (FIGS. 1, 2) are made in the form of angles, which are attached to the axis 1 by screws 22 with one shelf, and the ends of the tabs 10 are attached to the other shelves by bolts 23 and nuts 24.

For attaching a pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type to an agrotechnical unit, for example a walk-behind tractor, a flange 25 with holes 26 for fixing bolts (modifications 1-3) is mounted on the axis 1 using a welded joint (Figs. 1, 3, 5).

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 1) operates as follows.

For example, a pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type (modification 1) (Figs. 1, 2) is installed (not shown in the drawings) using a flange 25 and bolted connections on one of the objects of agricultural mini-equipment, for example, a motor block.

The hopper 6 is loaded with seeds.

The housing pulley 18 of the drum 4 is connected using a belt to the drive pulley of the motoblock (not shown).

The pipe 3 of the fixed axis 1 using a flexible duct is connected to a vacuum source mounted on a walk-behind tractor (not shown in the drawings).

The receiver 8 of sown seeds is installed outside the drum 4 in the zone of discharge of seeds and mounted on the frame of the walk-behind tractor.

When the motoblock is turned on, the pulley body 18 and the drum 4 as a whole are driven into rotation, while the rarefaction source creates the necessary degree of vacuum (vacuum) inside the fixed hollow axis 1, and also inside the drum 4 through holes 2 in the fixed hollow axis 1.

The shielding device 7, which is a sliding element 9, made in the form of at least one curved lobe 9 (modification 1) (Fig. 1, 2) and installed inside the drum 4 on the axis 1, is in contact with the inner surface of the drum 4 and overlaps the holes 5 in it from the inside in the zone of discharge of seeds.

Due to the pressure drop outside and inside the drum 4, air from the atmosphere through the holes 5 in the drum 4 is sucked into the drum, as a result of which in the loading zone the seeds from the hopper 6 are sucked to the holes 5, located mainly in transverse rows, and transported together with the rotating drum 4 to the direction of the zone of discharge of seeds, where on the inner side of the drum 4 is installed a shielding device 7, which is a sliding element 9, made in the form of at least one curved petal 9 (modif katsiya 1) (figure 1, 2).

Due to the fact that each petal is made of elastic plate material and fixed by the ends with brackets 11, 12 on the axis 1 so that its curved middle part is pressed against the inner surface of the drum 4 opposite the seed discharge zone, the screening device 7 forms a sector α of the petal 9 of the shielding device 7, which blocks the vacuum and overlaps at least two transverse rows of holes 5 of the drum 4 from the inside.

The sector α of the petal 9 of the sliding element 9 of the shielding device 7, which blocks the vacuum, is chosen equal to α = 30-270 °, preferably 90-120 °.

In the zone of discharge of seeds, the vacuum ceases, and the seeds under the influence of gravitational and inertial forces are separated from the drum 4 and enter the receiver 8 sown seeds, from where they are sown through separate seed tubes into the furrows in the soil prepared by the working bodies of the motoblock.

Pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type (modifications 2, 3) (Figs. 3-6) is installed on one of the objects of agricultural mini-equipment, for example, a walk-behind tractor, similar to a pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type (modification 1) (Figs. 1, 2).

The pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 2, 3) (Figs. 3-6) works similarly to the pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type (modification 1) (Figs. 1, 2).

The implementation of the shielding device 7 in the form of a sliding element 9, forming a sector α = 30-270 °, which blocks the vacuum and overlaps at least two transverse rows of holes 5 of the drum 4 from the inside, simplifies the design of the shielding device, significantly reduces the area of free holes 5, through which air is drawn into the inside of the drum 4 from the atmosphere.

This makes it possible to use a low-power rarefaction source, reduces energy consumption, which makes it possible to use an improved pneumatic sowing apparatus at agricultural mini-equipment facilities, including motor-blocks.

The above data indicate the possibility of industrial application of the proposed improved pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type, which can be manufactured at any agricultural enterprise and can be widely used at agricultural mini-equipment facilities, including cultivators and walk-behind tractors designed for planting seeds in private households and family farms.

Notation list

1. motionless hollow axis

2. openings in the fixed hollow axis for air suction

3. a branch pipe of a motionless hollow axis for connection to a vacuum source

4. vacuum drum

5. holes in the vacuum drum for sucking seeds

6. seed hopper

7. shielding device

8. sowing seed receiver

9. sliding element

10. petal

11. bracket

12. bracket

13. ski

14. rod

15. rod

16. guide sleeve

17. spacer spring

18. pulley housing

19. casing

20. screw

21. rolling bearing

22. screw

23. bolt

24. nut

25. flange

26. holes in the flange

Claims (5)

1. A pneumatic sowing device of a drum type, containing a fixed hollow axis (1) with holes (2) for suctioning air and a nozzle (3) for connecting to a vacuum source, a vacuum drum (4) with holes (5) for sucking seeds from the outside, installed on the axis (1) with the possibility of rotation, a hopper (6) for feeding seeds adjacent to the outside of the drum (4) in the seed loading area, a shielding device (7) installed inside the drum (4) on the axis (1) in contact with the inner the surface of the drum (4) and the overlapping holes (5) inside it in the zone of discharge of seeds, as well as the receiver (8) of sowing seeds mounted outside the drum (4) in the zone of discharge of seeds, characterized in that the screening device (7) is made in the form of a sliding element (9) that is in contact with the inner surface of the drum ( 4) opposite the seed discharge zone, and at the point of contact forms a screening angular sector α of the sliding element (9) of the screening device (7), which blocks the vacuum and overlaps at least two transverse rows of holes of the drum (4) from the inside. 2. The pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type according to claim 1, characterized in that the screening angular sector α of the sliding element (9) of the screening device (7), which blocks the vacuum, is α = 30-270 °. 3. Pneumatic sowing apparatus of a drum type according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sliding element (9) of the shielding device (7) is made in the form of at least one curved blade (10) made of an elastic plate material and fixed by the ends with brackets (11, 12) on the axis (1) so that it has a curved middle part pressed tightly against the inner surface of the drum (4) opposite the seed discharge zone. 4. Pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sliding element (9) of the shielding device (7) is made in the form of a ski (13) with an outer surface curved in the shape of the inner surface of the drum, which using the rod (14) is rigidly mounted on the axis (1) so that it (13) with a curved outer surface is firmly pressed against the inner surface of the drum (4) opposite the seed discharge zone. 5. Pneumatic sowing apparatus of the drum type according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sliding element (9) of the shielding device (7) is made in the form of a ski (13) with an outer surface curved in the shape of the inner surface of the drum, which with the help of a rod (15), a guide sleeve (16) and a spacer spring (17) is elastically mounted on the axis (1) so that it (13) with a curved outer surface is elastically and tightly pressed against the inner surface of the drum (4) opposite the seed discharge zone .