RU1172099C - Method of storing bulbs and corms of flower crop - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the storage of plant raw materials and can be used in floriculture farms for storing flower crops and tubers. /. . :. -: .. -. There is a known method of storing flower cultures of bulbs and tubers, including treating them by physiologists with an active substance that uses the insecticide Rogor (phosphamide, BI-58), and storage at an air temperature of 4-5 ° C and a relative humidity of 607o% .-. .,;,.:. ;:;;,,

However, the known method does not sufficiently reduce phytopathological diseases and damage planting material with thrips; In addition, rotor is a highly toxic substance (LDzo 230 mg / kr), which requires special precautions when using ORM;

The aim of the invention is to reduce phytopathological diseases and thrips of bulbs and bulbs of flowering crops.

The goal is achieved by the fact that it is a known method of storing flowers and bulbs of the Zlukov flowers, including processing them with a physiologically active substance and storing them at an air temperature of 4-5 ° C and a relative humidity of 60-70%, according to the invention-As a physiologically active substance ozone is used, and the treatment is: in ozone it is carried out for 2-3 hours every 3 days, providing an ozone concentration of 0-20 mg / m.

A specific embodiment of the method.

Corms of gladioli of any kind, cleaned from the ground, dried, sorted and placed in pallets with a layer of 2-3 corms ;. Pallets with planting material are placed on racks; installed in the chamber. The air temperature in the chamber is 4–5 ° C and the relative humidity is 60–70%.

After the storage chamber is fully loaded, ozonation is carried out for: 2-3 hours with ozone concentration of 10–20 mg / m. The ozone treatment is repeated every 3 days.

Periodically determine the most characteristic indicators of the quality of the corms of gladioli and phytopathological assessment,

Studies have shown that ozone treatment of gladiolus corms during storage leads to the prevention of the development of one of the main diseases of corms, thrips, and helps to reduce regulatory losses by 2-2.5 times. In tab. Figure 1 shows the results of phytopathological analysis of gladiolus tubercles stored With a known method, the prototype, and the proposed method.

5 The proposed method results in a higher yield of shear flower production (see Table 2). and also increases the yield of gladioli (see Table 3) in comparison with the known storage method.

Determination of the effectiveness of ozonization was studied using physiologic indicators, since it is known that metabolic disturbances determine the degree of resistance or susceptibility of plants. . The data obtained from the determination of the activity of the enzymes of respiration, catalysis and peroxidase, indicate

20 that in the first month of storage - December - representing the period of natural pok, changes in activity

; Peroxidase enzyme is not observed. Moreover, in November-March, the activity of the enzyme 2B decreases in corms of gladioli by

: compared with the increased activity of ne, peroxidase in the control, which is due to the suppression under the action of ozone of those oxidizing and reducing farms that are associated with the processes of respiration, in particular, peroxidase. By the end of the storage period, it increased 1.5-2.0 times, indicating that the plant body leaves the state of rest.

35: Catalase activity rises after a month after laying, decreases in Nvar and remains at the original level until the end of storage, as a result of the oppressive effect of ozone. The possibility of the overwhelming effect of ozone on the activity of catalase is a substitute for the increased activity of this enzyme during the entire storage period of the control bulbs.

45 Thus, the activity of enzymes for catalase and peroxidase is lower at the level of ozonized gladioli, which indicates the inhibitory effect of the proposed concentrations of ozone on the oxidative processes. , .

These data are confirmed by the data on the change in wet weight (weight loss 55) in the ozonized and non-ozonized batches. The data of these studies are presented in Table. four.

As can be seen from the data table. 4, for corms of gladioli 1 par. wet weight (mass) is significantly higher in

control samples than when stored in an ozonized atmosphere (per month of storage). With visual planting material, the presence of a good turgor in ozonated corms was noted, while in control it was noticeably reduced.

The use of higher ozone concentrations of 30-VO mg / m for the treatment of the pastern mater ieda is unacceptable, since the activity of the enzymatic respiration systems is significantly reduced and a decrease in the growth of tuber bulbs into the soil is observed. The concentration of ozone 1 (L29 mg / m is optimal, as evidenced by the results of Table 5.

The proposed mode is especially affective during storage of corms 1 time Phytopathological analysis of corms

boron, although the optimum is visible on the tuberculoidum, vice I and ill analysis.

Studies were carried out with other varieties of corms of gladioli: De

5 Gaulle, Snezhna princess, and others. The results of experiments are similar to Dixieland and Oscar.

The use of the proposed method of storing corms of gladioli ensures that the development of the main source of diseases of the cornelian tuber disease is compared with the existing method of inhibition; reduction of natural mass loss; Reduced quality loss;

115 increase in the percentage of germination, as well as an increase in the multiplication coefficient.

(56) Pests and diseases of flower ornamental plants. M .: Science, 1982, p. 67, 2D 107, Table 1 of gladioli (Oscar variety)

Continued table. one

The effect of storage conditions on

Ta l and tsa 2 yield cutting of flower production of gladioli (Oscar variety). Yield of gladioli depending on

T a b l and c in 3 conditions of sleep (Oscar grade) Change

Continued table. 3 wet weed of gladiolus corms when stored in air ozonized conditions (experiment) and without ozonization (control) Table 4

13 Crop Harvest

1172099

t4

Table b of gladioli by the example of Dixieland variety depending on the concentration of ozone in the chamber

Continued table. five

Continued table. five

 1L

METHOD OF STORAGE OF BULBS AND CLUBNEYUKBITS OF FLOWER CULTURES. eclc) cit6p $ 6dtKy their physiologically;

8 0 mw of air ET1B1T and storage at 4 ° C of air and relative power of ISO 670 and ISO - 70% V characterized by

Continued table. five

Htbi with the aim of reducing the phytopathogenic contagion and lesions with thrips, bzrn is used as a physiologically active substance, while ozone treatment is carried out for 2 to 3 hours every 3 ° C, giving an ozone concentration of 10-20 mg / M,