RU116011U1 - BIOCOMPLEX - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A biocomplex containing a greenhouse with lighting and ventilation systems, digesters equipped with collectors for feeding raw materials and unloading pulp, collectors for collecting biogas, a container for carbon dioxide, characterized in that a bunker for loading feedstock, a gas holder, a container for unloading biofertilizer is introduced a biogas plant containing a block for preliminary preparation of raw materials, a cogeneration plant, a biogas separation system, a heat exchange module containing at least two tanks, a block of heat exchangers, while digesters equipped with collectors for feeding raw materials and unloading pulp and collectors for collecting biogas are made in in the form of cylindrical metal tanks with thermal insulation and introduced into the biogas plant, and the feedstock loading hopper is connected to the raw material pretreatment unit connected to digesters, the carbon dioxide tank is connected to the biogas separation system connected to the gas holder and the correction plant, the first tank The heat exchange module is connected to the digester and to the block of heat exchangers, and its second tank is connected to the warm air supply unit introduced into the greenhouse, and a warm air supply system and an exhaust with heat recovery are also introduced into the greenhouse, forming a greenhouse ventilation system. ! 2. Biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the digesters are arranged, for example, linearly, in at least two rows and (or) around the perimeter of the biogas plant. ! 3. Biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse is made according to a hydroponic plant growing system. ! 4. Biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse contains sun

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and is intended for the disposal of animal waste, cultivation and processing of any greenhouse crops, the production of carbon dioxide, as well as solid and liquid organic fertilizers.

Known biocomplex (RU 2124828 with priority from 04/30/1997), containing a greenhouse with heating systems, cold and hot water supply, irrigation, lighting and ventilation, installed on the supporting beams of the beds-trays, a reservoir located under the beds-trays and paths and communicated with an aeration system, a cultivator for propagating worms and obtaining biohumus, as well as a poultry house in communication with the pond and the platform on which the feeder is installed, while the bottom of the pond is made with ledges, and the tracks are made up-and-down.

The disadvantage of an analogue is increased energy consumption and, as a consequence, expensive products.

Known biocomplex (RU 2184440 with priority from 07/19/2000), containing cold and hot water supply, ventilation systems with automatic control units and a reservoir, beds located on load-bearing beams above the reservoir, are made in the form of rising terraces and form isolated compartments on top for growing certain plants with the appropriate microclimate. Compartments for the house and other needs are arranged along the lateral and internal cavities of the beds, and biohumus cultivators are arranged below the sides of the reservoir in the recesses. In addition, the walls of the beds are waterproofed from the reservoir, have adjustable drainage in the drain trough outside the reservoir. The walls of the beds have reflectors. The foundation of the working part of the greenhouse is its body, and the walls of the beds are supported by the supporting beams of the reservoir and internal supports.

The disadvantage of an analogue is increased energy consumption and, as a consequence, expensive products.

The closest analogue to the claimed utility model we take as a prototype is a biocomplex (69698 U1 with priority dated 07/31/2007) containing a multi-tier greenhouse with heating, lighting, irrigation and ventilation systems.

The heating system is represented by digesters, between which there are greenhouse rooms for growing vegetables and mushrooms, in addition, the biocomplex is equipped with a mini thermal power station and a container for carbon dioxide, rooms for processing products and canning, a warehouse-refrigerator. The multi-tier greenhouse is equipped with mobile platforms for its maintenance. The biocomplex is two-story. However, in the greenhouse of the biocomplex there is no possibility to regulate and maintain the required temperature and heat loss occurs, which is reflected in the slowdown of plant growth. In addition, for the optimal process of methanogenesis it is very important to maintain a constant temperature in methane tanks either at a temperature of 38 ° C (mesophilic mode) or at a temperature of 55 ° C (thermophilic mode). Electricity in the prototype is spent irrationally.

The disadvantages of the prototype are low economic indicators of the biocomplex due to:

- irrational use of electricity and heat loss, due to the lack of the ability to regulate and maintain the required temperature in the greenhouse;

- the lack of the ability to regulate and maintain a certain temperature in the digesters, leading to a slowdown of the methanogenesis process.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to reduce heat loss and provide a certain temperature in the digesters and greenhouse, rational use of electricity.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a biocomplex containing a greenhouse with lighting and ventilation systems, digesters equipped with collectors for supplying raw materials and unloading pulp, collectors for collecting biogas, a container for carbon dioxide, a feed hopper for feedstock, a gas tank, a container for unloading biofertilizers are introduced, a biogas plant was introduced, comprising a unit for preliminary preparation of raw materials, a cogeneration unit, a biogas separation system, a heat exchange module containing at least two tanks, a heat unit exchangers, while digesters equipped with collectors for feeding raw materials and discharging pulp and collectors for collecting biogas are made in the form of cylindrical metal tanks with heat insulation and introduced into a biogas plant, and the feed hopper of the feedstock is connected to the preliminary preparation unit of raw materials connected to the digesters, a tank for carbon dioxide is connected to a biogas separation system connected to a gas tank and a correction unit, the first capacity of the heat exchange module is connected to digesters and to th heat exchanger, and its second capacitance --introduced into the greenhouse warm air supply, and introduced into the greenhouse as warm air pritochki system and extract with heat recovery, ventilation of greenhouses forming system. The digesters are located, for example, linearly, in at least two rows and (or) along the perimeter of the biogas plant. The greenhouse is made according to the hydroponic plant growing system. The greenhouse contains sunscreens. Plate heat exchangers. The greenhouse lighting system contains LED lights.

The essence of the utility model is that due to the introduction into the biocomplex of a biogas plant original in composition, in which the digesters are made in the form of cylindrical metal tanks with thermal insulation, a cogeneration unit with a heat exchange module is contained, as well as a system for supplying warm air and an exhaust hood with heat recovery in the ventilation system of the greenhouse, heat loss in the greenhouse is reduced and a certain temperature in the digesters is maintained, the optimal methane process is ensured firewood. Electricity and heat obtained from a biogas plant are rationally used in the biocomplex.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the biocomplex; figure 2 - shows a schematic top view where the following notation:

1 - biogas plant;

2 - greenhouse;

3 - feed hopper;

4 - gas holder;

5 - a container for carbon dioxide;

6 - block preliminary preparation of raw materials;

7 - digesters;

8 - collector for supplying raw materials and unloading pulp;

9 - a collector for collecting biogas;

10 - biogas separation system;

11 - cogeneration unit;

12 - heat exchange module;

13, 14 - capacity of the heat exchange module;

15 - block heat exchangers;

16 - warm air inflow system;

17 - hood with heat recovery;

18 - lighting system;

19 - sunscreens;

20 - capacity for unloading biofertilizer;

21 - block supply of warm air.

The biocomplex contains a biogas plant 1, a greenhouse 2, a feed hopper 3, a gas holder 4, a container for carbon dioxide 5, a tank for unloading biofertilizer 20. A biogas plant 1 contains a unit for preliminary preparation of raw materials 6, digesters 7, equipped with collectors for feeding raw materials and unloading pulp 8, collectors for collecting biogas 9, a biogas separation system 10 (into methane (СН4) and carbon dioxide (СО2), cogeneration unit 11, heat exchange module 12, made with at least 2 tanks 13 and 14, heat exchanger block 15. Gazgo ice 4 is designed to collect methane (CH4). In the room adjacent to the biogas plant 1 there is a greenhouse 2, made according to the hydroponic plant growing system, equipped with a ventilation system formed by a system for supplying warm air 16 and a hood with heat recovery 17, contains a block for supplying warm air 21 There is also a lighting system 18 in the greenhouse with LED lights that produce the spectrum of light radiation needed for plant growth. Sunscreens 19 located in the greenhouse protect plants from sunburn in the spring and summer.

Biocomplex works as follows. Livestock waste, mainly manure or litter, enters the feed hopper 3 of the feedstock, then to the preliminary preparation unit 6, where it is ground and brought to the required humidity and temperature. In the block of preliminary preparation of raw materials 6 also received the remains of plant materials from the greenhouse 2, if they are formed. The prepared raw material in the form of pulp is sent to one of the digesters 7 through the collector for feeding the raw materials and unloading the pulp 8, where it is heated to the temperature necessary for the activity of thermophilic bacteria, with the help of which the bioconversion of the organic component of the pulp is carried out with the formation of biogas, which mainly consists of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas through the collector for collecting biogas 9 enters the biogas separation system 10, in which it is separated into methane with a minimum content of impurities and carbon dioxide. Methane enters the gas tank 4, and from there to the cogeneration unit 11, which produces electricity and heat, and carbon dioxide to the tank for collecting carbon dioxide 5. The generated electricity is spent mainly on technological needs and lighting of the greenhouse 2, and heat energy is consumed through the heat exchange module 12 heating the incoming pulp and heating the greenhouse 2 through the warm air supply unit 21.

The heat exchange module 12 consists of at least 2 containers 13 and 14. This is provided so that the system does not have a flow of heat energy for its rational use and prevention of heat loss. In the first tank, the temperature of the coolant is 55 ° C. In the second tank, the temperature of the coolant is 85-90 ° C. The first tank 14 is connected to a block of plate-shaped heat exchangers 15 through which the pulp discharged from the methane tanks 7 passes and leaves excess heat in the heat exchange module 12. The second tank 13 is directly connected to the cogeneration unit 11, the heat carrier of which is heated to a temperature of 85-90 ° С. The heat carrier from the tank 13 transfers heat to the warm air supply unit 21 to the greenhouse and maintains the temperature in the tank 14 of the heat exchange module 12. The operation of this heat exchange module 12 is controlled by automation.

Organic fertilizers resulting from bioconversion are separated into liquid and solid fractions. The solid fraction is the basis for the formation of soil for growing plants using low-volume technology, and the liquid fraction is the basis for hydroponic technology for growing plants. Surplus fertilizers may be marketable products sold on the side.

Carbon dioxide obtained from the biogas separation system 10 is also a component of the nutrient atmosphere for plants and is used in the required quantities in the greenhouse 2.

The volume of each digester 7 must correspond to the daily waste stream or 2 times the daily waste stream, if the daily waste stream is small, and their number must be not less than the number of days required for a full bioconversion of the daily portion of the waste, or half of this number of days. In this case, a quasi-continuous disposal mode is implemented.

The digesters 7 are arranged, for example, linearly, in at least two rows and (or) along the perimeter of the biogas plant. The digesters 7 are made in the form of cylindrical metal containers with thermal insulation, in the form of a heat-insulating polymer coating (liquid thermal insulation) - modern multifunctional composite materials based on a polymer binder, special fillers and target additives. Liquid ultrathin thermal insulation is a highly porous heat-insulating material that works due to the implementation of the blocking mechanism (creating high thermal resistance) of 3 types of heat transfer - convection, conduction and radiation. The microporous structure of the coating during heat transfer reflects and scatters more than 82% of the radiation. Due to the low thermal conductivity, there is a "weakening" of the heat flux in the thickness of the material, a small emissivity reduces the level of output heat flux and reduces heat loss. This is done to rationalize the use of thermal energy and maintain the optimal process of methanogenesis.

The manufactured products are delivered to the processing room and, after packaging, are sent directly to the final consumers without unnecessary fresh storage.

Thus, due to the introduction into the biocomplex of an original biogas plant in its composition, which allows producing biogas designed to generate heat and electricity, as well as through the implementation of digesters with thermal insulation and greenhouses with a system for supplying warm air and exhaust and heat recovery, it allowed to regulate and maintain a certain temperature both in the digesters and in the greenhouse.

The tests of the biocomplex also showed a 2-4 times increase in yield. It should be noted that the production of biogas can prevent methane emissions into the atmosphere, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and reduce the load on groundwater. A biogas plant makes it possible to produce electricity that is used for own needs, which is significantly cheaper compared to electricity produced from alternative energy sources.

Claims (6)

1. Biocomplex containing a greenhouse with lighting and ventilation systems, digesters equipped with collectors for supplying raw materials and unloading pulp, collectors for collecting biogas, a tank for carbon dioxide, characterized in that a feed hopper for feedstock, a gas tank, a tank for unloading biofertilizers are introduced a biogas plant comprising a unit for preliminary preparation of raw materials, a cogeneration unit, a biogas separation system, a heat exchange module containing at least two containers, a heat exchanger unit, the digesters equipped with feed and pulp unloading collectors and biogas collectors are made in the form of cylindrical metal containers with heat insulation and introduced into the biogas plant, and the feed hopper is connected to the preliminary preparation unit of raw materials connected to the digesters, the carbon dioxide tank is connected to a biogas separation system connected to the gas tank and the correction unit, the first capacity of the heat exchange module is connected to the digesters and to the heat exchanger unit, its second container - to put into a greenhouse the hot air supply, wherein the greenhouse system also introduced warm air pritochki and extract with heat recovery, ventilation of greenhouses forming system. 2. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the digesters are located, for example, linearly, at least in two rows and (or) along the perimeter of the biogas plant. 3. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse is made according to a hydroponic plant growing system. 4. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse contains sunscreens. 5. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchangers are plate-shaped. 6. The biocomplex according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse lighting system contains LED lights.