RU110905U1 - THRESHING AND SEPARATING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A threshing and separating device containing a frame with sidewalls between which a threshing drum is placed, a composite adjustable rod-bar concave interacting with it, the component parts of which are pivotally connected to each other by axes, with a profiled guide on the output bar and a mechanism for adjusting its position, containing front and rear rods, on which a concave is suspended, moved along grooves in the sidewalls of the frame, an intermediate beater with a separating bar-plan located under it Ata bars; tangential threshing-separating rotor with blade-type profiles located on its periphery and with a deck connected by rods of an autonomous mechanism for its regulation with an input guide profile and a finger grate, a blade breaker, characterized in that the tangential rotor deck is made of two parts suspended on the front and rear thrusts to the mechanism for regulating its position; these parts are pivotally interconnected by axes and the same axes are attached on each side of the deck to the mechanism for its regulation by means of additional rods; the input part of the deck is pivotally connected by axes to the bar-slatted grid and to the front rods of the deck control mechanism; the bar-slatted grill with its front part is pivotally connected by axes to the output part of the concave and to the rear rods of the concave adjustment mechanism; the axes of the hinges connecting the concave parts form slider pairs with grooves in the opposite sides of the frame, and additional thrusts of the concave control mechanism are attached to them, and the rest

Description

The inventive utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, namely to threshing and separating devices, mainly combine harvesters.

Known threshing and separating devices of combine harvesters containing a frame with sidewalls and a threshing drum installed between them, an integrated adjustable rod-bar concave interacting with it, suspended on rods of a mechanism for adjusting its position, the components of which are pivotally connected to each other. (A.S. 725610, USSR, MKI A01F 12/18, publ. 05.04.80). The device allows to reduce the complexity of cleaning when clogging concave. Its disadvantage is the invariance of the concave working surface curvature in the adjustment range of its settings, which leads to a noticeably larger increase in the gaps in the middle part of the concave relative to its edges, especially with a long concave length, and, as a result, a decrease in the grain separation efficiency and an increase in the product flow irregularity in device, and consequently, to increase damage to grain and non-grain part of the crop and even to increase the likelihood of concave clogging when harvesting in difficult conditions agricultural background and harvesting long-stemmed crops.

Closest to the claimed utility model is a known threshing-separating device containing a frame with sidewalls, between which a threshing drum is placed, a composite adjustable bar-bar concave interacting with it with a profiled guide on the output bar and a control mechanism containing rods on which the concave is suspended moreover, its components are pivotally interconnected by axes, and the concave itself moves when adjusting its position along the grooves in the sidewall x frame; intermediate beater with a separating bar-slatted grating located below it; tangential threshing-separating rotor with blade-type profiles located on its periphery and with a deck equipped with an autonomous regulation mechanism, an input guide profile and a finger grate, and a blade beater (NEW HOLLAND, Operators manual, CSX 7060, CSX 7080, prindet in Belgium , Print No. 604.63.401.00, 1-st Edition, Englisch 03/06, pp. 3-47, and NEW HOLLAND CSX7000 prospectus, www.newholland.com. Published by CNH INTERNATIONAL SA. Printed in Italy-01/09-TR01 . - Turin. - IR82004 / INB). The disadvantages of this device are: single-deck design and the location of the bumper beater above the tangent to the tangential rotor at a point above the last deck of the deck, which significantly reduce grain separation due to the impossibility of lengthening the deck and the use of dynamic grain deposition with the bumper in the transition zone from the beater to the straw walker; unregulated arrangement of the bar-slatted lattice and rotary design of the deck with a fixed pivot point, which does not provide the relationship between the regulation of the concave and lattice, as well as the deck and lattice, which violates the smoothness and stability of the product flow in the transition zones from one working body to another and, consequently, on the working bodies of the threshing-separating device themselves, which leads to a decrease in grain separation and an increase in product damage. The absence of an interconnected automatic change in the position of one of the articulated concave sections relative to the other when adjusting the concave negatively affects the separation of grain and its damage and causes additional grinding of the non-grain component of the product due to the violation of the commensurability of the change in the gaps along the concave length. In addition, this design of this device limits the optimization of its settings when harvesting crops that require extended working gaps between the concave and the drum, in the changing conditions of the agricultural background due to the imbalance in the size of the gaps along the length of the concave, and also makes it difficult to clean the device when it is clogged.

The processes of threshing and separation of grain in the threshing and separating device of the combine harvester have a prevailing effect on the performance of the combine thresher, which is limited by the acceptable levels of both grain loss and damage. In drum threshing and separating devices, the desire to reduce losses by increasing the length of the concave and decks, as well as dynamically depositing grain with a chipping beater, leads to an increase in grain crushing, as well as to an additional interruption of the non-grain part of the product, which negatively affects the processes in subsequent working bodies of the thresher . In the proposed utility model, this desire to reduce grain losses is accompanied by such changes that can reduce the negative consequences of it.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the productivity of the harvester at the given levels of loss and damage to the grain, as well as to reduce labor costs for cleaning this device when it is clogged.

: The technical result consists in reducing grain losses behind the combine threshing machine at the same level of crushing and contamination of grain in comparison with the prototype.

The technical result is achieved due to: the implementation of the deck of the tangential threshing-separating rotor of two parts, suspended on the front and rear rods to the mechanism for its regulation; these parts are pivotally interconnected by axes, by which they are also attached to additional rods of the regulation mechanism located on both sides of the deck; the input part of the deck is pivotally connected via axles to the bar-slatted grill and at the same time with the front rods of the deck adjustment mechanism, and the front part of this grill is pivotally pivotally connected to the output part of the concave and simultaneously with the rear rods of the concave adjustment mechanism; the axis of the swivel of the concave components form slider pairs with longitudinal grooves in the sides of the frame of the threshing and separating device and are pivotally connected to additional rods of the concave adjustment mechanism, and the remaining axes of the concave and deck rods are freely placed in the corresponding side grooves; the mechanism for adjusting the position of the concave is made with the possibility of a commensurate change in the gaps between the concave and the drum over the entire length of its movement; the deck position control mechanism is capable of commensurate changes in the gaps between the deck inlet and the tangential rotor and accelerated changes in the gaps of the deck's output relative to its front part and providing a preferred direction for the trajectories of the axle hinge axes of the deck with an inclination relative to the drum concave pairs away from it; the bumper beater is installed relative to the upper deck location so that a tangent drawn to the largest diameter of the tangential rotor at a point above the last deck of the deck intersects the trajectory of the ends of the beater blades. This joint execution of the output part of the deck and the bumper beater allows not only to change the effect of the rotor on the product, but also differentiation to change the effect of the bumper beater on the product depending on its condition. The front bar of the bar-bar lattice is made of a convex profile and is installed above its front hinge by the convexity from it and partly its front end is placed under the profiled concave guide with the formation of a blunt angle profile point between the tangent to its surface and the straight line connecting this point with the center of rotation of the beater, and the back plate of the grate is also made of a convex profile and is installed with its end part above the rear hinge with a convexity to it, with its upper position nth face at the level of the upper faces of the remaining planks, and the lower face above the input guide profile of the deck to ensure a working gap with respect to it in the entire range of their joint movement. The rear concave control rods are adjustable with compression nuts. The angle between the tangent to the profile surface of the front plate of the bar-plate grid at the point closest to the beater and the straight line connecting this point with the center of rotation of the beater is in the range 110 ... 125 degrees. The front and rear bars of the bar-bar grid are made of the same profile. The rear rods of the deck suspension are equipped with an additional hole for the axles connecting these rods to the deck, which are placed below the existing ones. Hydraulic cylinders are used as the leading (drive) links of the mechanisms for regulating the movement of the concave and deck.

The inventive utility model is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 is a left view;

figure 2 - remote element A in figure 1;

figure 3 is a fragment of the left view of figure 1 is an option for setting the location of the tangential rotor deck.

The inventive utility model comprises a frame 1 (Fig. 1) with sidewalls 2, a threshing drum 3 located between them, a bar-stripe concave 4 interacting with it, an intermediate beater 5 with a bar-stripe grill 6 located below it, a tangential threshing-separating rotor 7 with scapular type profiles 8 located on its periphery and deck 9 and paddle beater 10. The concave 4 is provided with a mechanism 11 for adjusting its position with the front rods 12 and rear rods 13, connected by respectively arnirov 14 and 15 with the concave 4 (Figure 2). Concave 4 consists of two parts: input 16 (figure 1) and output 17, - pivotally connected to each other by axes 18 and additional rods 19 of its regulation mechanism. A profiled guide is installed on the output bar 20 (figure 2) 21. The deck also consists of two parts: input 22 (figure 1) and output 23, - pivotally connected by axles 24 and simultaneously with rods 25 of the autonomous mechanism 26 for regulating its position. Deck 9 with its front part is pivotally connected to the rod-slatted grid 6 with axles 27 (Fig. 2) and simultaneously with the front rods 28 (Figs. 1, 2) of the mechanism 26 (Fig. 1) for regulating its position. The output part 23 of the deck 9 is pivotally connected by axes 29 (Figs. 1, 3) to the rods 30 (Fig. 1), and the rods themselves are provided with an additional hole 31 located below the axes 29 that are available to enable the axes 29 to be shifted into them (Figs. 1, 3 ), providing additional displacement of the output part 23 of deck 9. The control mechanisms 11 and 26 are driven by hydraulic cylinders 32. The bar-plate grid 6, in turn, is pivotally connected to the concave 4 at the points of connection of its rear rods 13. The frame sides are provided with grooves 33 (figure 1) along which the axes move 18, forming a slider pair. A guide profile 34 is installed on the input part 22 of the deck 9 (FIGS. 2, 3), and a finger grate 35 (FIG. 1) is installed on the output part 23. The front plate 36 (figure 2) of the grill 6 is made in the form of a convex profile and is mounted above the rear hinge 15 of the concave 4 with a convexity from it with partial placement under the profiled guide 21 of the concave 4 so that the angle β between the tangent at the profile point 37 nearest to the bit 5 to its surface and a straight line 38, connecting this point with the center of rotation of the beater 10, is larger than the straight line, with its recommended value within 110 ... 125 degrees. The back plate 39 of the lattice 6 is also made in the form of a convex profile and is installed above the axis of the hinge 27 convex from it with the placement of the upper face at the level of the upper faces 40 of the remaining slats, and the lower face above the input guide profile 34 (2, 3) of the deck with providing working clearance. The mechanisms for adjusting the position of the concave 4 and the deck 9 are made so that they provide a comparable change in the gaps separately between the drum 3 and the concave 4 and, respectively, between the input part 22 of the deck 9 and the tangential rotor 7 and the accelerated change in the gaps of the end part of the output part 23 of the deck 9 relative to its front; while the preferred directions of the trajectories of the axes of the hinges of the rods on the deck are oriented with an inclination to the side from the grooves of the slide pairs. All axes of the concave joints of the concave 4 and the deck 9 with their rods, except for the axes 18 (Fig.), Are freely placed in the corresponding grooves of the sidewalls of the frame. The bumper beater 10 is installed relative to the upper position of the deck so that the tangent to the tangential rotor 7 at a point above the last strip of the deck 9 intersects the trajectory of the ends of the blades of the beater 10. The rear rods 13 of the concave 4 are made adjustable with coupling nuts 41. The input and output bars of the bar-bar gratings 6 are made of the same profile.

The device operates as follows. The product is fed to the threshing drum 3 and the inlet 16 of the concave 4, while the inlet and outlet 17 of the concave 4, being in the upper position, are located with the same clearance to the drum 3 along the entire length of the concave 4 (Fig. 1). This gap is regulated depending on the crop being harvested and its state by the mechanism for adjusting the concave position 4 using the front 12 and additional rods 18, the axes of which 18 move along the grooves 32 of the sidewalls 2, and the rear rods 13. The incoming product is pulled by the drum 3 along the bars of the input part 16 concave 4, resulting in the separation of grain from the ear with the grinding of the stem mass and the formation of the sex. Part of the grain and sex with a certain number of crushed stems in this process are sifted through the concave 4. The upper position of the concave 4 is used when harvesting high humidity. This setting of the concave 4 provides a tough, long-lasting impact of the threshing drum 3 on the processed product with maximum separation of grain from the ear and increased separation it through the elongated separating surfaces of the concave 4. At the same time, the damage to the product remains low due to the condition of the agricultural background but. Since the mechanism 11 for adjusting the concave 4 is made to ensure a commensurate movement of its parts relative to the drum 3, with a lower moisture content of the product and increased gaps due to the large length of the working surface of the concave 4 and close to uniform gaps along its length over the entire working range of adjustments, it is achieved more efficient grinding of grain from the spike at a lower intensity of the impact of the drum 3, and the product flow on its surface moves more uniformly and stably, which reduces damage REPRESENTATIONS grain and non-grain interrupting portion with increased separation of grain in a combine harvester thresher. Since the outlet portion 17 of the concave 4 is suspended from the rear with adjustable rear rods 13, the threshing clearance can be further changed by manually adjusting the length of the coupling nuts 40, for example, when harvesting hard-to-grind crops; the concave outlet clearance 4 can be reduced, and therefore, the product processing at the concave outlet 17 can be tightened.

Next, the product along the profiled guide 21 and the front plate 36 of the bar-plate lattice 6 is fed into the gap between it and the intermediate beater 5, where it is subjected to further processing with the separation of grain from the ear and its partial separation through the lattice 6, and the position of the lattice 6 relative to the beater 10 and determines the intensity of its impact on the product, which depends on the location of both the output part 17 of the concave 4 and the input part 22 of the deck 9. The design of this lattice and its conjugation with the surrounding elements the devices can provide not only a smoother movement of the product from the drum 3 to the tangential rotor 7, but also a smoother and more stable formation of the product flow in this transition zone at any position of the grating 6, since the input clearance of the grating 6 is commensurate with the output concave clearance 4, and the output gap of the grate 6 is commensurate with the input gap of the deck 9, which ultimately reduces the damage to the product while improving grain separation. From the intermediate beater 5, the product is sent to the channel formed by the tangential threshing-separating rotor 7, the back bar 39 of the bar-bar grid 6 and the guide profile 34, then to the gap between the rotor 7 and the adjustable deck 9, where the final grinding of the spikelets takes place and further separation grain through deck 9, and then to the chipping bit 10, which removes the product from the rotor 7 and directs it to the subsequent working bodies of the combine thresher.

The execution of the deck 9 suspended on the rods 28 and 30 of the mechanism 26 for its regulation, consisting of two pivotally connected input 22 and output 23 parts, interconnected by axles 24, on which the rods 25 of the control mechanism 26 are mounted, providing a comparable movement of the input part 22 relative to tangential rotor 7 in the entire working range of its regulation and the accelerated movement of the end of its output part allows different uses of its parts in the operation of the device. This embodiment of the deck 9, together with the specified location of the baffle beater 10, allows not only to increase the length of the working surface of the deck, but also to use the change in the dynamic grain deposition with the bumper beater 10 more actively due to a change in the intensity of the collision of the product with its blades due to the active displacement of the position tangent to the tangential rotor 7 at a point above the last bar in the direction of reducing the segment of the circumference of the trajectory of the ends of the blades of the fender beater 10, cut off oh tangent. At the same time, the uniformity of product promotion and the constancy of the impact of the rotor 7 on the product along the entire length of the inlet part 22 of deck 9 are maintained during the processing of various crops under variable harvesting conditions. With the upper arrangement of deck 9, each of its parts is positioned with the same gap with respect to rotor 7. This arrangement of deck 9 is used when harvesting a wet, clogged crop, when the intensive action of rotor 7 on the product maximizes grain separation through the elongated separating surface of deck 9 and in hard mode, plant a larger amount of grain with jackhammer 10, without fear of increasing the damage to the product. In other milder harvesting conditions, the deck 9 is lowered lower, thereby reducing the effect of the rotor 7 and especially the bumper beater 10 on the product, reducing grain damage and chopping of the stem mass.

In addition, when harvesting a dry easily threshed product due to the additional displacement of the output part 23 of the deck 9 shown in Fig. 3, when moving its end part to the additional holes 31 of the rear rods 30, the intensity of the influence of the tangential rotor 7 on the product can be further reduced. the output part 23 of the deck 9 and the intensity of the impact of the product with the blades of the breaker beater 10.

Therefore, in the claimed utility model, due to the separate regulation of the concave and deck positions with their increased length, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in grain separation at given levels of grain loss and damage. In addition, the combination of the articulation of the concave and deck parts to ensure a comparable change in the concave clearances relative to the drum and the inlet part of the deck relative to the tangential rotor with the accelerated change in the clearances of the end of the output part of the deck along the entire length of their movement provides the necessary and sufficient clearance for lowering them cleaning the device when it is clogged, and in combination with the use of hydraulic cylinders as the leading links in the mechanisms for regulating the positions of the drum I deck, it is possible to clean the device when it is driven in directly from the operator's seat.

Claims (6)

1. A threshing and separating device containing a frame with sidewalls between which a threshing drum is placed, a composite adjustable rod-bar concave interacting with it, the component parts of which are pivotally connected to each other by axes, with a profiled guide on the output bar and a mechanism for adjusting its position, containing front and rear rods, on which a concave is suspended, moved along grooves in the sidewalls of the frame, an intermediate beater with a separating bar-plan located under it Ata bars; tangential threshing-separating rotor with blade-type profiles located on its periphery and with a deck connected by rods of an autonomous mechanism for its regulation with an input guide profile and a finger grate, a blade breaker, characterized in that the tangential rotor deck is made of two parts suspended on the front and rear thrusts to the mechanism for regulating its position; these parts are pivotally interconnected by axes and the same axes are attached on each side of the deck to the mechanism for its regulation by means of additional rods; the input part of the deck is pivotally connected by axes to the bar-slatted grid and to the front rods of the deck control mechanism; the bar-slatted grill with its front part is pivotally connected by axes to the output part of the concave and to the rear rods of the concave adjustment mechanism; the axis of the hinges connecting the concave portions form slider pairs with grooves in the opposite sides of the carcass of the frame, and additional thrusts of the concave adjustment mechanism are attached to them, and the remaining axes of the tie rod hinges are freely positioned; the concave adjustment mechanism is capable of commensurate movement of the concave parts relative to the drum, and the deck regulation mechanism is capable of commensurably moving the input part of the deck relative to the tangential rotor and more intensive movement of the end of its output part, while the preferred directions of the trajectory of the axes of the tie rods on the deck are oriented with an inclination away from the grooves of the slide pairs; the bumper beater is installed relative to the upper deck location so that the tangent to the tangential rotor at a point above the last deck of the deck intersects the trajectory of the ends of the beater blades; the front bar of the bar-bar lattice is made of a convex profile and is installed above its front hinge by convexity from it with a partial placement under the profiled concave guide and the formation of an obtuse angle profile between the tangent to its surface and the straight line connecting the point to the center of rotation beater; the back plate of the grating is also made of a convex profile and is installed with its end part above the rear hinge with a convexity to it with the upper face at the level of the remaining trims, and the lower face above the input guide profile of the deck with working to it. 2. The threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear rods of the concave adjustment mechanism are made adjustable, for example, by means of coupling nuts. 3. The threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the tangent to the profile surface of the front strip of the bar-plate lattice at its nearest point to the bit and the straight line connecting this point with the center of rotation of the beater is in the range 110 ... 125 °. 4. The threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear rods of the deck are provided with additional holes for the axis of articulation of these rods to the deck, located below the existing ones. 5. The threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders are used as the leading links in the mechanisms for adjusting the position of the concave and deck. 6. The threshing and separating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the front and rear bars of the bar-bar lattice are made of the same convex profile.