RU110535U1 - ELECTRICAL CABLE (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to electric cables according to the core structure related to the main types of cables with metal conductive conductors: power, communication, installation, control, control and others, which is reflected in the form of options. The cable in the first embodiment contains a core consisting of at least one single-wire or multi-wire conductive core with polymer insulation, in the second version - a core twisted from several single-wire or multi-wire conductive wires with polymer insulation, in the third version - a core consisting of several single-wire or multi-conductive conductors with polymer insulation, twisted into groups, which, in turn, are twisted into a core. The cables of all three options are sheathed. In order to ensure the outflowing of electrostatic charges to the earth, the shell is extruded in the form of a main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of no higher than minus 60 ° С with additives providing a specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohm, together with adjacent to the surface in contact with it or built into the bulk of the main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not exceeding minus 60 ° С electrically continuous This length of the conductive structure of cellular form with an area of the unit cell bounded by the conductive elements, not more than 4 cm ² or a linear shape with the minimum distance between any two adjacent conductive linear elements, not more than 2 cm. Based on the fire safety requirements, flexibility and elasticity of the insulation materials and the main polymer layer of the sheath (for the main polymer layer - from a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° С) the cables are selected from the series: polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with oxygen index from 20 to 25, special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including low smoke and gas emission, a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, a polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29, a polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer with an oxygen index not less than 29, cable rubber, silicone rubber, including ceramizing in flame conditions. The insulation may also be made of cross-linked polyethylene. A fire-resistant version of the cables is proposed, in which a spiral winding is applied under the insulation and over the core with overlapping of at least one mica band, as well as cables in which at least one shield is applied to insulated conductive wires and / or to the core. Designs are provided with a polymer aggregate applied under the sheath to give the cable a round cylindrical shape and / or into the air cavities in the core in order to limit the mass transfer of gas through the cable core from solid or foamed material. The aforementioned conductive structure can be made cellular in the form of a metal mesh, imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a perforated metal or metal-polymer tape, imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a braid from metal wires, or from a conductive polymer, mainly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said shell, or linear from longitudinally or spirally superimposed linear elements from a conductive polymer, mainly chemical in a manner similar to the material of the main polymer layer of the said sheath, or in the form of a spiral winding of metal wires. The conductive structure of the cellular shape made of metal wires in the form of a braid or a linear shape - in the form of a winding in a spiral with the appropriate number and cross-section of wires, can serve as cable armor. In order to improve the bonding of the conductive structure to the main polymer layer of the shell, an adhesive layer may be additionally introduced between them. To give the shell additional properties, it can be multilayer, while the main polymer layer, made by extrusion, is located closest to the outer surface. Electric cables according to this utility model can be widely used for laying industrial facilities in industrial premises, which require the prevention of the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the polymer sheaths of cables, mainly in explosive areas and places of accumulation of electronic equipment, eliminating the possibility of explosion of gaseous and dust-like explosive substances and the formation of electromagnetic interference in a wide frequency range due to the discharge of electrostatic charges .

Description

The utility model relates to cable technology, namely: to electric cables laid under conditions of the possibility of the formation of electrostatic charges on the surface of the polymer shell, which are dangerous for people and industrial equipment in hazardous areas or in the concentration of electronic equipment.

Known cable design according to the application No. 2011111097 for utility model “Electric cable” (Decision on the grant of a patent for utility model dated May 26, 2011). The cable consists of a core containing at least one single-wire or multi-wire conductive core with polymer insulation, and a sheath, characterized in that the sheath is extruded in the form of a main polymer layer with additives providing a specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohm, together with the conductive cellular structure electrically continuous along the entire length adjacent to the surface in contact with it or built into the bulk of the main polymer layer throughout the entire length with a unit cell area limited by conductive elements not more than 4 cm ² or linear in shape with a minimum distance between any two adjacent conductive linear elements not more than 2 cm.

In accordance with the requirements of clause 9.6.9 of GOST R IEC 60079-14-2008 “Explosive atmospheres. Part 14. Design, selection and installation of electrical installations ”by designers during the development of industrial facilities and operational services in the course of their operation should include measures to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the surface of cables.

The cable according to the application No. 2011111097 for the utility model “Electric cable” (Decision on the grant of a patent for utility model dated May 26, 2011) meets these requirements. Show it.

It is known that polymeric materials used for moisture-proof cable sheaths mainly have a very high specific volume electric resistivity, which contributes to the accumulation of electrostatic charge.

Electrostatic charges in materials can occur when the contact between them breaks, during deformation of the materials in contact and during friction against each other. Moreover, in the case of friction, an electrostatic charge on a solid can occur even under the influence of falling drops of liquid or an air stream.

With the mechanical contact of two bodies (contact), a redistribution of charges occurs and when the bodies separate, this uneven distribution of charges on them persists. The material that loses electrons becomes positively charged, and the material receiving them becomes negatively charged.

As a result of the contact of the two materials, a double electric layer arises at their boundary due to the exchange of charges between them. This exchange is caused by different energy states of the contacting surfaces. From a physical point of view, the main quantity determining the exchange of charges is the work function of the electron exit from the condensed medium.

Contacting material, whose work function is less, loses electrons more easily and its surface is charged positively. This corresponds to the positive lining of the double electric layer at the interface between the two materials. The surface of the contacting material with a larger work function is negatively charged and thus serves as a negative lining of the double layer. In this case, the larger the difference in the work function, the stronger the interface is charged.

With friction, the number of contact areas is much greater than with contact. In addition, the work performed as a result of friction passes into heat, which leads to a change in the energy state of the contacting surfaces. Therefore, with friction of materials, the loading effect is much more significant than just when they come into contact with subsequent dilution.

For a simplified assessment of the loading of materials during friction against each other, an empirically established triboelectric series (L.N. Kechiev, E.D. Pozhidaev, “Protection of electronic devices from exposure to static electricity”, M., Publishing House “Technologies”, 2005 .) presented in table 1:

Table 1. Charge sign Material + Atmosphere Hand skin Lapin Glass Mica Hair Nylon Sheep fur Lead Silk Aluminum Paper ± Cotton fabric - Steel Wood Amber Ebonite Nickel, Copper Zinc Brass silver Gold, Platinum Sulfur Acetate silk Polyester Celluloid Polyurethane Polyethylene Polypropylene Polyvinyl chloride Polyfluorochloroethylene Silicon Polytetrafluoroethylene

When accumulated to a certain level of electrostatic charge, its discharge occurs. The limiting value of the electric field of the electrostatic charge from the surface of a dielectric (non-metal) is considered to be 15 kV for air discharge and 8 kV for contact discharge (through another dielectric), which corresponds to the fourth maximum degree of rigidity according to GOST 51317.4.2-99 "Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Resistance to electrostatic discharges. Requirements and test methods ”, authentic publication IEC 61000-4-2-95.

The discharge of electrostatic charge carries a danger to the electronic equipment of industrial premises both in the form of a destructive effect, especially on microprocessors and computers, and in the form of electromagnetic interference, distorting the transmitted signals in the automation circuits.

Even more dangerous is the discharge of electrostatic charge in explosive industrial premises, which can lead to the explosion of gaseous explosive mixtures in air.

We will choose the cable design according to the application No. 2011111097 for the utility model “Electric cable” (Decision on the grant of a patent for utility model dated May 26, 2011) as a prototype.

The essence of the proposed utility model is to create a cable that prevents the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the outer shell at a working ambient temperature of minus 60 ° C.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that it is proposed an electric cable consisting of a core containing at least one single-wire or multi-wire conductive core with polymer insulation, and a sheath.

The cable is characterized in that the sheath is made by extrusion in the form of a main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of no higher than minus 60 ° С with additives providing a specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohms, together with the adjacent surface contact with it or built into the bulk of the main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C electrically continuous along the entire length of the conductive structure of the cellular form with the unit cell area bounded by the conductive elements is not more than 4 cm ² or linear in shape with a minimum distance between any two adjacent conductive linear elements not more than 2 cm.

The application of the main polymer layer of the shell by the extrusion method makes it possible to uniformly place the added additives over the volume of the extrudable mixture and, due to this, to obtain the surface resistivity uniformly distributed over the surface on the outer surface of the obtained tube (shell) from the polymer mixture with additives.

Monitoring the specific surface electrical resistance in one section of the tube allows you to extend the obtained value to the entire surface, made from a specific amount of the mixture.

The formation of electrostatic charges occurs on all types of solid and liquid materials, from metals to dielectrics and cannot be eliminated. However, it is possible to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges to a critical value. For this, the surface must provide some electrical conductivity, then the charge formed spreads over the surface, thereby eliminating the risk of discharges. But the use of metallic conductive materials for the outer shells is unacceptable, since they interact with the environment and are destroyed. It was found that if the polymer material is provided with a specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohms, then for a spatially limited region, sufficient charge spreading is observed. To completely eliminate the harmful effect, the spatial region should be limited by a conductive structure electrically continuous along the entire length of the cable and grounded at one end of the cable. The charge formed on a limited area of the main polymer layer of the shell spreads over the surface and reaches the conductive elements of the conductive structure and flows down it to the ground.

In some cases, the presence of open conductive elements on the surface of the main polymer layer of the shell leads to their destruction (for example: corrosion), therefore, their protection is necessary. It was found that in the presence of a certain polymer layer with additives on top of the conductive structure it does not change the mechanism of electrostatic charge swelling. Therefore, along with the open installation of the conductive structure, an option is provided for an integrated conductive structure in the volume of the main polymer layer of the shell.

The electrical continuity of the conductive structure can be practically implemented in two ways: in a cellular form or in the form of parallel-laid linear elements. The application of a specific solution is due to structural and technological requirements.

The spatial limitation of the area of spreading of electrostatic charges for a similar case of the surface area of a non-metallic shell or parts of the shell of electrical equipment is established in GOST R 52274-2004 “Electrostatic electrical safety. General technical requirements and test methods". For the worst case, an explosive zone of class “0” and an explosive mixture category II or IIC, it should not exceed 4 cm ² . Hence, for a cellular conductive structure, the unit cell area limited by the conductive elements should not exceed 4 cm ² , and for a linear shape, the minimum distance between any two adjacent conductive linear elements should not exceed 2 cm.

As follows from the above, the cable according to the application No. 2011111097 for the utility model “Electric cable” (Decision on the grant of a patent for utility model dated May 26, 2011) provides the requirements of GOST R IEC 60079-14-2008 to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the cable surface . However, operating conditions often require that automation devices (for example, control) that are far outside the production room must be connected by cable to a central control device located inside the production room. From the point of view of ensuring reliability, the cable should be integral and laid in different climatic zones. This means that the property of preventing the accumulation of electrostatic charges must be combined with the property of cold resistance.

However, additives that provide antistatic properties (preventing the accumulation of electrostatic charges) lead to an increase in brittleness temperature, therefore, even those materials that provide brittleness temperatures of less than minus 60 ° C under normal conditions, when using antistatic additives, this requirement is no longer met.

The combination of requirements for preventing the accumulation of electrostatic charges and ensuring the cable’s cold resistance (cable operability at temperatures reaching minus 60 ° C) is a new property and the cable proposed in this utility model ensures the fulfillment of the above set of properties.

The requirement to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges on the surface of the outer shell is presented to any type of cable regardless of the functions performed by it.

Power cables, communications, control, installation, control, and others are known. In its most general form, we can conclude that the difference between them is in the structure of the core. Three types of core are fundamentally different:

- consisting of non-twisted insulated conductive conductors;

- consisting of twisted insulated conductive cores;

- consisting of twisted groups, each of which consists of several twisted together conductive conductors.

Therefore, the application is presented in the form of options. The first option relates to a cable with a core consisting of untwisted insulated single-wire or multi-wire conductive conductors.

As a rule, the insulation materials and the main polymer layer of the shell are chosen the same, being guided, first of all, by fire safety requirements.

Under the condition of a single cable installation, a traditional PVC compound with an oxygen index in the range of 20 to 25 is selected.

Under the condition of group cable laying (bundle), a special PVC compound with an oxygen index of at least 30 is chosen (for a filler in accordance with the peculiarities of its chemical composition due to the large amount of filler, at least 28 is allowed).

With the introduction of GOST R 53315-2009 “Cable products. Fire safety requirements. Test methods ”for cables laid in a bundle within the production, residential and administrative premises began to impose requirements for reduced smoke and gas emission. For the general group of cables laid outside the production, domestic and administrative premises, the “ng” index was assigned, for the group of cables with reduced smoke and gas emission - the “ng-LS” index. According to GOST R 53315-2009, smoke production of cable products with the ng-LS index when tested according to GOST R IEC 61034-2 should not lead to a decrease in light transmission by more than 50%.

When laying cables in rooms equipped with computer and microprocessor technology, an additional requirement is imposed to limit the release of corrosive gases and halogen acid vapors in terms of HCl to no more than 5.0 mg / g in the process of burning and / or smoldering. For such cables, a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35 is chosen.

General fire safety indicators taking into account the requirements of GOST R 53315-2009 are presented in table 2.

Table 2. Name of material Oxygen Index,%, not less than Decrease in light transmission during smoke formation,%, no more Mass fraction of НСl released during combustion,%, no more Conventional PVC compound 20-25 80 40 Special PVC Compound thirty 80 40 Special PVC with low smoke and gas emission thirty fifty fifteen Halogen free polymer composition 35 25 0.5

For insulation and the main polymer layer of the cable sheath used for movable installation (for example: portable lamps, power tools, welding machines), cable rubber is chosen.

In this case, the oxygen index is required no higher than 25.

For cable laying conditions with increased flexibility, a polyolefin or polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29 is chosen. In this case, the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer is cheaper than polyurethane, but the polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer withstands up to 1 million bends at a temperature of minus 30 ° С.

For the conditions of laying cables with the requirement of increased flexibility and the additional requirement of increased heat resistance, insulation and the main polymer layer of the sheath made of silicone rubber are chosen. Upon presentation of an additional fire resistance requirement, a ceramicizable silicone rubber is selected.

In the case of ensuring the transmission of high-frequency signals to groups (pairs), in order to reduce the attenuation coefficient, it is advisable to insulate with cross-linked polyethylene that is approved for use in hazardous areas by the technical circular of the Association “Roselectromontage” No. 14/2006 of October 16, 2006 “On the use of cables of cross-linked polyethylene in cable structures, including in hazardous areas ”, approved by the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (Rostekhnadzor). In this case, the main polymer layer of the shell is made of other materials that meet other requirements. For example: increased fire safety requirements.

If the requirements for fire resistance are presented to the cables, it is advisable to additionally lay on top of the conductive wires at least one mica tape with a spiral winding with overlapping, to form the main fire-resistant barrier.

It is also advisable to lay on top of the core an additional belt insulation of at least one mica tape by spiral winding with the mica layer inside, to form a fire-resistant bandage that preserves the cable structure under conditions of prolonged exposure to an open flame with a temperature of at least 750 ° C for 45-180 min in accordance with the requirements of GOST R IEC 60331-11-2003, GOST R 53315-2009.

Moreover, in both cases, the mica tape is usually a layered composition of mica paper and electrical insulating fiberglass, impregnated and glued together with an organosilicon binder.

In order to protect against electromagnetic effects, it is advisable to run a cable with at least one screen. In this case, to protect against internal electromagnetic influences and to organize grounding circuits according to the screens, it is advisable to make the screens individual, superimposed on a separate conductive core. To protect against external electromagnetic influences, it is advisable to perform a common screen superimposed on the core.

To protect against electromagnetic effects in the low frequency range, it is advisable to make a screen in the form of a braid or winding from tinned copper or copper wires.

To protect against electromagnetic effects in the high frequency range, it is advisable to fabricate the screen from at least one metal-polymer tape imposed by the metal inside with a spiral winding overlapping or longitudinally with the screen wire laid under the screen.

To protect against electromagnetic effects in a wide range of frequencies, it is advisable to make a screen in the form of a braid or winding from tinned copper or copper tinned wires, additionally laying under the braid or winding with metal upwards overlapping the metal-polymer tape longitudinally or by winding in a spiral.

To use cables in a dry atmosphere in the absence of sudden temperature changes leading to the formation of condensation in the form of moisture droplets on the said shells, it is advisable to use conductive soot in the amount of 0.1 to 20% of the bulk of the main polymer layer of the said shell.

To use cables in a humid atmosphere with the possibility of condensation, it is advisable to use sorbitol monostearate and / or glycerol monostearate in an amount of from 0.01 to 2% of the volume of the main polymer layer of the said shell as additives. Additives of sorbitol monostearate and / or glycerol monostearate serve to further enhance the water-repellent properties of the main polymer layer of the said shell.

In order to stiffen the cable on which the said sheath is superimposed, it is advisable to conduct the conductive structure as a mesh in the form of a metal mesh.

In order to achieve the cost-effectiveness of manufacturing the cable, it is advisable to conduct the conductive structure as a cellular structure in the form of a perforated metal or metal-polymer tape, superimposed with overlapping winding in a spiral or longitudinally.

For the manufacture of large cable lengths (of the order of several kilometers), it is advisable to conduct a cellular conductive structure in the form of a braid of wires. Moreover, the selection of braiding wires is carried out, for example, based on the following considerations: for the longest cable lengths, choose a copper wire having a minimum electrical resistance (from the range for base metals), if necessary additional copper protection against corrosion, tinned copper wire is used, if necessary additional mechanical protective properties choose galvanized steel wire, to minimize magnetic permeability in combination with the requirement of mechanical strength and they choose stainless steel wire or phosphor bronze wire for cost-effectiveness, to combine the properties of high conductivity (lower electrical resistance) and increased mechanical strength, choose a bimetallic steel-copper wire, and choose a bimetallic alumino-copper wire for cost-effectiveness.

In an atmosphere that is corrosive to metals, it is advisable to impose a cellular conductive structure of a conductive polymer, mainly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said shell.

To ensure the manufacturability of the imposition of the conductive structure, it is advisable to produce its linear form in the form of linear polymer conductive elements from a polymer, mainly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said shell.

To ensure that the requirements of the overlay manufacturability are combined with other properties (high conductivity, additional rigidity, low magnetic permeability), it is advisable to produce a conductive structure of a linear shape in the form of a wire winding. The selection of wires is based on the conditions described for the selection of wires for braiding.

For additional bonding of the conductive structure to the polymer layer of the said shell, it is advisable to additionally apply an adhesive layer (for example, glue) between the conductive structure and the main polymer layer of the said shell, if it does not impair the flow properties of electrostatic charges.

The named conductive structure of a cellular shape made of metal wires in the form of a braid or a linear shape - in the form of a winding in a spiral, can additionally be cable armor. To do this, calculate the number and cross-section of wires depending on tensile and / or crushing loads. In this case, the area of the unit cell will decrease (the surface area of the braid will increase) and the minimum distance between adjacent conducting linear elements will decrease.

If it is necessary to change the physical properties of the shell (for example: reducing moisture permeability), it is advisable to make the said shell of several layers, while the main polymer layer made by extrusion is located closest to the outer surface.

In accordance with section 9.4. GOST R IEC 60079-14-2008, cables in pipes must be laid with pipe sealing devices (rings) at the points of entry and exit from hazardous areas to prevent the penetration or leakage of gases or liquids from the hazardous area to the non-hazardous area. And in order for the sealing in these places to be optimal, the cable must have a round cylindrical shape.

And so that the shell does not show the relief of the core, it is advisable to impose a polymer aggregate under the shell by extrusion. When superimposed on the core, the aggregate flows into irregularities of the core on its surface, as a result of which the surface of the aggregate assumes an even circular cylindrical shape. A shell placed on top of the filler will also have this form (in this case, the conductive structure is built into the bulk of the main polymer layer of the shell). In order to prevent the possible spread of explosive gaseous substances along the cable core, it is advisable to introduce a polymer aggregate into the air cavities in the core. Upon presentation of both requirements, the aggregate is superimposed under the shell and introduced into the air cavities in the core.

The second option describes an electric cable with a core twisted from single-wire or multi-wire conductive conductors with polymer insulation. As in the first embodiment, the shell for better mixing of the base polymer with additives is extruded, the additives for the spreading of the generated electrostatic charges on the outer surface of the base polymer layer of the shell from a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of no higher than minus 60 ° C provide a specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohm for the swelling of charges on long cable core shell polymer layer of a material with resistance to cold temperatures brittleness no higher than minus 60 ° C is made in conjunction with a shell of a cold-resistant material adjacent to the surface of the main polymer layer with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° C in contact with it or built into the bulk of the main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° C electrically continuous conductive structure, and built into the volume, if necessary, to protect the conductive structure itself from the harmful effects of the environment, to ensure optimal designs and techniques theology of manufacturing a cellular or linear shape, to ensure optimal spreading of electrostatic charges on the surface - with a unit cell area of not more than 4 cm ² and a minimum distance between any two adjacent conductive linear elements of not more than 2 cm.

It is also advisable to apply at least one mica tape in a spiral winding to ensure fire-retardant properties under the said insulation and on top of the core; for insulation and the main polymer layer of the shell from a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° C, it is advisable to choose a PVC compound with an oxygen index of 20 up to 25 or special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including with low smoke and gas emission, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, based on fire safety requirements, cable rubber when used for products of mobile installation, polyolefin or polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers upon presentation of the requirement for increased flexibility, with a combination of requirements for increased flexibility and heat resistance - silicone rubber, with an additional requirement of fire resistance - silicone rubber, ceramicizable under conditions of flame exposure, it is advisable to protect against external or internal electromagnetic influences but place at least one shield, to give the cable a round cylindrical shape and / or to prevent the transfer of explosive gases along the cable core, it is advisable to introduce a polymer filler under the sheath and / or into the air cavities in the core, for the use of cables in a dry atmosphere it is advisable to use additives in the form of a conductive carbon black in an amount of from 0.1 to 20% of the volume of the main polymer layer of the shell, in a humid atmosphere - in the form of sorbitol monostearate and / or glycerol monostearate in an amount of from 0.01 to 2% of the base of the polymeric layer of the sheath made of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° С; to give the cable stiffness, it is advisable to make the conductive structure cellular in the form of a metal mesh, for economy - cellular in the form of a perforated metal or metal-polymer tape, for cables of large lengths - in the form braids from wires, for cables used in the atmosphere that are corrosive to metals - cellular from a conductive polymer, to ensure manufacturability - linear form of floor dimensional conductive elements or in the form of a winding wire, for additional protection of the cable from tensile and crushing forces, it is advisable to make a conductive structure of a cellular form in the form of a braid or linear shape in the form of a winding wire, and the cross section and number of wires are calculated based on the requirements for tensile and crushing forces , for additional bonding of the conductive structure with the main polymer layer of the shell, an adhesive layer is additionally introduced between them, upon presentation to span of other additional requirements advisable to make it out of several layers, wherein the base polymer layer located closest to the outer surface.

The third option describes an electric cable with a core twisted from groups, each of which is twisted from several single-wire or multi-wire conductive conductors with polymer insulation. As in the first embodiment, the shell for better mixing of the base polymer with additives is extruded, the additives for the spreading of the generated electrostatic charges on the outer surface of the base polymer layer of the shell from a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C provide a specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohms, for swelling charges over a long cable length, the main polymer layer of the shell is made of cold-resistant material with a temperature brittleness no higher than minus 60 ° C is made in conjunction with a shell of a cold-resistant material adjacent to the surface of the main polymer layer with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° C in contact with it or built into the bulk of the main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° C electrically continuous conductive structure, and built into the volume, if necessary, to protect the conductive structure itself from the harmful effects of the environment, to ensure optimal designs and techniques ogy manufacturing mesh or a linear form, for optimal spreading of electrostatic charges on the surface - a unit cell area of not more than 4 cm ² and a minimum distance between any two adjacent linear conducting elements of not more than 2 cm.

It is also advisable to apply at least one mica tape in a spiral winding to ensure fire-retardant properties under the said insulation and on top of the core; for insulation and the main polymer layer of the shell from a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° C, it is advisable to choose a PVC compound with an oxygen index of 20 up to 25 or special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including with low smoke and gas emission, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, based on fire safety requirements, cable rubber when used for products of mobile installation, polyolefin or polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers upon presentation of the requirement for increased flexibility, with a combination of requirements for increased flexibility and heat resistance - silicone rubber, with an additional requirement of fire resistance - silicone rubber, ceramicizable under conditions of flame exposure, it is advisable to protect against external or internal electromagnetic influences but place at least one shield, to give the cable a round cylindrical shape and / or to prevent the transfer of explosive gases along the cable core, it is advisable to introduce a polymer filler under the sheath and / or into the air cavities in the core, for the use of cables in a dry atmosphere it is advisable to use additives in the form of a conductive carbon black in an amount of from 0.1 to 20% of the volume of the main polymer layer of the shell, in a humid atmosphere - in the form of sorbitol monostearate and / or glycerol monostearate in an amount of from 0.01 to 2% of the base of the polymeric layer of the sheath made of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not higher than minus 60 ° С; to give the cable stiffness, it is advisable to make the conductive structure cellular in the form of a metal mesh, for economy - cellular in the form of a perforated metal or metal-polymer tape, for cables of large lengths - in the form braids from wires, for cables used in the atmosphere that are corrosive to metals - cellular from a conductive polymer, to ensure manufacturability - linear form of floor dimensional conductive elements or in the form of a winding wire, for additional protection of the cable from tensile and crushing forces, it is advisable to make a conductive structure of a cellular form in the form of a braid or linear shape in the form of a winding wire, and the cross section and number of wires are calculated based on the requirements for tensile and crushing forces , for additional bonding of the conductive structure with the main polymer layer of the shell, an adhesive layer is additionally introduced between them, upon presentation to span of other additional requirements advisable to make it out of several layers, wherein the base polymer layer located closest to the outer surface.

The proposed utility model is illustrated by specific examples presented in the following drawings:

- figa, b - schematic representation of a cable with three twisted conductive conductors in the core (option 2), a two-layer sheath and a conductive structure of a cellular shape in the frontal “a” and profile “b” projections;

- figa, b is a schematic illustration of a cable with three twisted conductive cores in the core (option 2), a two-layer sheath and a conductive structure of a linear shape in the frontal "a" and profile "b" projections.

1a, b, the electric cable with a conductive structure of a cellular shape consists of single-wire or multi-wire conductive conductors 1 with insulation 2 of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including, with reduced smoke and gas emission, or cross-linked polyethylene, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index not less than 29, or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29. or insulating cable rubber, or silicone rubber, including that which is ceramicizable under the influence of a flame twisted into a core (option 2), with a two-layer sheath made of polyethylene layer 3 and the main the polymer layer of the shell 4 of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C with a base of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with oxygen index of at least 30. including, with reduced smoke and gas emission, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29, or hose cable rubber, or silicone rubber, including that which is ceramicizable under the conditions of a flame and a conductive structure of a cellular form 5 in the form of a metal mesh imposed by a spiral winding or longitudinal Or in the form of braided metal wires, or of a conductive polymer, preferably chemically related material of the main layer of said polymeric shell.

2a, b, the electric cable with a linear conductive structure consists of single-wire or multi-wire conductive conductors 1 with insulation 2 of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including, with reduced smoke and gas emission, or cross-linked polyethylene, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index not less than 29, or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29. or insulating cable rubber, or silicone rubber, including that which is ceramicizable under the influence of a flame twisted into a core (option 2), with a two-layer sheath made of polyethylene layer 3 and the main the polymer layer of the shell 4 of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C with a base of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with oxygen index of at least 30, including with reduced smoke and gas emission, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29, or hose cable rubber, or silicone rubber, including that which ceramizes under flame conditions and has a linear conductive structure 6 of longitudinally superimposed linear elements of conductive polymer, pre materially chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said shell.

Cable manufacturing technology according to the claimed utility model includes the following operations.

Veins can, for example, be made of copper or tinned copper.

Copper wires for conductive conductors 1 are made of copper wire "wire rod", usually with a diameter of 8 mm by drawing method. Depending on the diameter of the finished wire, the following operations can be used: coarse and medium drawing or coarse, medium and fine drawing.

To ensure softness, the wire is annealed in special annealing furnaces or in a passage for drawing operations. Annealing is not required to obtain tinned wires. Tinning is done hot, making the wire soft.

Stranded conductive conductors 1 are twisted from the required number of wires on twisting machines of cigar, frame or lamp type.

Insulation 2 of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound or special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, or a halogen-free polymer composition, or thermoplastic elastomer is applied by extrusion on extrusion lines and on continuous vulcanization lines using rubber or silicone rubber.

Twisting of isolated conductors into groups - a pair, a three or a four is usually performed on frame-type machines.

An electric shield in the form of a braid or winding is superimposed on braiding or winding machines. Pre-possible cane (combining) of wires in bundles on reed machines.

An electric screen made of metal-polymer tape is applied by spiral winding with overlapping on winding machines or longitudinally with overlapping operations for applying a moisture-proof sheath. The screen is superimposed with metal inward, and a longitudinally tinned copper tinned drainage core is allowed under it. It is possible to longitudinally overlay a screen made of metal-polymer tape with metal inward with a tinned copper drainage conductor while simultaneously applying an extruded belt insulation layer of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound or special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, or a halogen-free polymer composition, or thermoplastic elastomer on an extrusion line or rubber or silicone rubber rubber line .

In the manufacture of a combined electric screen, the metal-polymer tape is allowed to run longitudinally with a metal layer overlapping upwards under the braid or winding on a braid or wrapping machine, respectively.

The filler is made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound or special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, or a halogen-free polymer composition, or a thermoplastic elastomer by extrusion on extrusion lines and continuous vulcanization lines using rubber or silicone rubber.

Foaming of the aggregate material is carried out chemically or physically. In the first case, granular, blowing agent is added to the granules of the main material in the hopper of the extrusion line, in the second case, inactive gas (for example: nitrogen) is introduced into the forming aggregate using a physical foaming unit.

The main polymer layer 4 of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C of the said shell can be applied in the traditional way, for example, using an extrusion line. At the same time, additives in the required amount are mixed in an intermediate container with granules of the main polymer, from where they are pumped into the feed hopper of the extruder. To ensure high-quality mixing, it is advisable to pre-manufacture additive concentrates in granules, for which, on a special extrusion line, mix additives in a large percentage with the main polymer and obtain an additive concentrate in granules.

Additional layers of a multilayer shell (for example: 3) are also made in the traditional way: polymer - by extrusion, tape - by winding in a spiral or longitudinally.

The conductive cellular structure 5 in the form of a metal mesh is made on metal looms, rolled up, the roll is installed in a winding machine, then the mesh is superimposed on the main polymer layer 4 of the said sheath by spiral winding. The longitudinal overlay of the metal mesh is predominantly carried out for the cellular structure embedded in the volume during the extrusion operation of the main polymer layer of the shell.

The perforated tape of the conductive cellular structure 5 is purchased ready-made, or is made of a continuous material tape by passing through a perforator with a reception in the form of a roll. The longitudinal overlay of the perforated tape is predominantly performed for the cellular structure embedded in the volume during the extrusion operation of the main polymer layer of the shell.

The roll is installed in a winding machine, then a perforated tape is applied to the main polymer layer 4 of the said shell by spiral winding.

The conductive cellular structure 5 in the form of a braid is made of wire on braiding machines.

The conductive cellular structure 5 of the conductive polymer is obtained in several stages. First, a metal mesh is applied to the main polymer layer 4 of the said shell, over which a mask of an easily removable polymer, for example, paraffin, is applied. Removing the mesh, get the main polymer layer 4 with a mask in places where there were mesh cells. Then, a conductive polymer is sprayed onto the resulting preform in an electrostatic field. Under the influence of temperature and vibration, the mask is removed and the main polymer layer 4 with a cellular structure from the conductive polymer 5 remains.

A conductive linear structure 6 with longitudinal linear conductive elements of a conductive polymer is made by extrusion using an additional built-in extruder (vertical or horizontal) in the production line of the main polymer layer 4 of the said shell. As a rule, the main and additional extruder in this case work on a common head. To obtain longitudinal linear conductive elements, a standard set of technological tools is used; to obtain spiral linear conductive elements, the rotating matrix method is used.

The conductive linear structure 6 with linear conductive elements in the form of a winding wire in a spiral is made on winding machines. In this case, as a rule, additional methods of attaching linear conductive elements to the main polymer layer are used, for example, using an adhesive layer as an adhesive applied by a roller integrated in the machine.

To verify the achievement of the technical result, nine groups of cable samples were made, each sample 10 m long. All samples were divided into three groups of three cables according to the core design: the first with a core of three conductive conductors with insulation that were not twisted together, the second with a core of three twisted together conductive conductors with insulation, the third - with a core of three groups twisted together, each group containing two conductive conductors with insulation twisted together.

In each group, the samples differed as follows; standard design, with a single layer sheath according to this utility model with a conductive structure of a cellular shape, with a single layer sheath according to this utility model with a conductive structure of a linear shape.

The cable sheath of a standard design was made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound grade OM-40. The main polymer layer of the sheaths of the other two cable groups was made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of the OM-40 brand with the addition of soot in the amount of 15% of the polymer volume. A copper wire braid was applied to cable samples with a cellular conductive structure, and a copper wire winding was attached to cable samples with a linear conductive structure, fastened at the ends of the samples with 10 mm wide clamps over the cable surface in cross section.

Samples twisted into coils with an inner diameter of 0.3 m were fixed on the platform of the SD-2M vibrostand and subjected to vibration at a frequency of 25 Hz with an acceleration amplitude of 2g for 2 hours. For cables with conductive structures, one end of the conductive structure was grounded.

Before testing on samples 200 mm long, taken from samples of each cable group, the surface electrical resistance was measured between two ring electrodes covering the surface of the sheath (with removed conductive structures of those samples that have them) at a distance of 100 mm from each other, and the measurement data calculated the specific surface electrical insulation resistance per unit surface.

For cables with a cellular conductive structure, the unit cell area was measured (selectively 10%), for cables with a linear conductive structure, the distance between all linear conductive elements in two sections of the sample was measured.

At the end of the tests, the voltage of electrostatic charges on the shells of all three groups of samples was measured using a remote static field strength meter of the ETS-216 brand.

Samples of the main polymer layer were taken from each sample and tested for cold resistance on them according to the method of clause 4.9 GOST 5960-72 “Polyvinyl chloride plasticate for insulation and protective sheaths of wires and cables. Technical conditions. "

The measurement results are summarized in table 3.

Table 3 Name of the group of samples Design name of the group of samples The distance between adjacent linear conductive elements, cm The cross-sectional area of a unit cell in a cellular conductive structure, cm ² Surface resistivity, Ohm Electrostatic charge voltage, kV 1. An electric cable with a core of three conductors with insulation that are not twisted together Standard design - - (5.6-7.4) 10 ¹⁰ 3.1-6.9 The design with a shell according to this utility model with a conductive structure of a cellular shape - 1.17-1.22 (2.7-3.1) 10 ⁷ 0.33-0.49 Shell construction according to this utility model with a linear conductive structure 1.70-1.77 - (2.1-4.2) 10 ⁷ 0.15-0.21 2. An electric cable with a core of three twisted together conductive conductors with insulation Standard design - - (1.5-2.9) 10 ¹⁰ 2.5-4.9 The design with a shell according to this utility model with a conductive structure of a cellular shape - 1.22-1.36 (3.1-5.2) 10 ⁷ 0.17-0.20 Shell construction according to this utility model with a linear conductive structure 1.75-1.79 - (1.5-4.4) · 10 ⁷ 0.20-0.41 3 An electric cable with a core of three groups twisted together, each group consisting of two conductive wires with insulation, twisted together Standard design - - (1.9-8.2) 10 ¹⁰ 1.1-4.0 The design with a shell according to this utility model with a conductive structure of a cellular shape - 1.02-1.22 (4.4-9.0) 10 ⁷ 0.23-0.54 Shell construction according to this utility model with a linear conductive structure 1.71-1.73 - (3.3-5.8) · 10 ⁷ 0.20-0.33

The results of the tests for cold resistance are summarized in table 4.

Table 4. Parameter Name Values for cable samples Standard design Constructions with a shell according to this utility model with a conductive cellular structure Constructions with a shell according to this utility model with a conductive structure of a linear shape Cold resistance temperature, (minus), ° С 50-40 75-60 75-60

As can be seen from tables 3 and 4, the test results (significant accumulation of electrostatic charge at the required temperature of fragility is not observed) confirm the achievement of the technical result.

Claims (33)

1. An electric cable, consisting of a core containing at least one single-wire or multi-wire conductive core with polymer insulation and a sheath, characterized in that the sheath is extruded in the form of a main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not exceeding minus 60 ° C s additives providing specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohms, together with adjacent to the surface in contact with it or built into the bulk of the main polymer a black layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not exceeding minus 60 ° С electrically continuous along the entire length of the conductive structure of a cellular shape with a unit cell area limited by conductive elements of not more than 4 cm ² or a linear shape with a minimum distance between any two adjacent conductive linear elements no more than 2 cm. 2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the said insulation is made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including with reduced smoke and gas emission, or cross-linked polyethylene, or halogen-free polymer compositions with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29, or an insulator onnoy cable rubber, or silicone rubber including keramiziruyuscheysya under fire conditions. 3. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the insulation and on top of the core is imposed by a winding in a spiral with the overlap of at least one mica tape. 4. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one screen is additionally applied to the insulated conductive conductors and / or to the core. 5. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that under the said sheath and / or into the air cavities in the core an additional polymer aggregate of solid or foam material is introduced. 6. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the said additive is made of soot and makes up from 0.1 to 20% of the volume of the main polymer layer of the said shell or sorbitol monostearate and / or glycerol monostearate and ranges from 0.01 to 2% of the volume the main polymer layer of the named shell. 7. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the said conductive structure is cellular in the form of a metal mesh imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a perforated metal or metal polymer tape imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a braid of metal wires, or of a conductive polymer, predominantly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said sheath, or linear of longitudinally or helically superimposed linear elements of conductive poly a measure predominantly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said sheath, or in the form of a spiral winding of metal wires. 8. The cable according to claim 7, characterized in that the said conductive structure of a cellular shape made of metal wires in the form of a braid or a linear shape - in the form of a winding in a spiral, is additionally cable armor. 9. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that between the main polymer layer of the aforementioned shell and the conductive structure, an adhesive layer is additionally introduced. 10. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the said sheath is made of several layers, and the main polymer layer, made by extrusion, is located closest to the outer surface. 11. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the main polymer layer of the said sheath is made of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° С with a base of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index not less than 30, including with reduced smoke and gas emission, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of not less than 29, or hose cable rubber, or silicone rubber, including ceramizing under flame conditions. 12. An electric cable consisting of a core twisted of several single-wire or multi-wire conductive conductors with polymer insulation and a sheath, characterized in that the sheath is extruded in the form of a main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not exceeding minus 60 ° С with additives providing a specific surface electrical resistance in the range from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohms, together with adjacent to the surface in contact with it or built into the bulk of the main polymer a single layer of cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature not exceeding minus 60 ° С electrically continuous along the entire length of the conductive structure of a cellular shape with a unit cell area limited by conductive elements of not more than 4 cm ² or a linear shape with a minimum distance between any two adjacent conductive linear elements no more than 2 cm. 13. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that the said insulation is made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of from 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including with reduced smoke and gas emission, or cross-linked polyethylene, or halogen-free polymer compositions with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29, or isol ionic cable rubber, or silicone rubber including keramiziruyuscheysya under fire conditions. 14. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that in addition to the said insulation and on top of the core, a spiral winding is applied with the overlap of at least one mica tape. 15. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that, under the said sheath and / or into the air cavities in the core, an additional polymer aggregate of solid or foam material is introduced. 16. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one screen is additionally applied to the insulated conductive wires and / or to the core. 17. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that said additive is made of soot and makes up from 0.1 to 20% of the volume of the main polymer layer of the said shell or sorbitol monostearate and / or glycerol monostearate and ranges from 0.01 to 2% of the volume the main polymer layer of the named shell. 18. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that the said conductive structure is made cellular in the form of a metal mesh imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a perforated metal or metal polymer tape imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a braid of metal wires, or from a conductive polymer, predominantly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said sheath, or linear from longitudinally or helically superimposed linear elements from the conductive floor a measure predominantly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said sheath, or in the form of a spiral winding of metal wires. 19. The cable according to p. 18, characterized in that the aforementioned conductive structure of a cellular shape made of metal wires in the form of a braid or a linear shape - in the form of a winding in a spiral, is additionally cable armor. 20. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that an adhesive layer is additionally introduced between the main polymer layer of the said sheath and the conductive structure. 21. The cable according to item 12, characterized in that the said sheath is made of several layers, and the main polymer layer, made by extrusion, is located closest to the outer surface. 22. The cable according to claim 12, characterized in that the main polymer layer of the said sheath is made of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C with a base of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index not less than 30, including with low smoke and gas emission, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or thermoplastic adic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of not less than 29, a cable or a hose of rubber or silicone rubber including keramiziruyuscheysya under fire conditions. 23. An electric cable consisting of several single-wire or multi-wire conductive conductors with polymer insulation twisted into groups, which, in turn, are twisted into a core, and sheaths, characterized in that the sheath is extruded in the form of a main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with the brittleness temperature is not higher than minus 60 ° C with additives that provide electrical surface resistance ranging from 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁹ Ohm, together with adjoining surfaces in contact with the whether an electrically continuous conductive structure of a cellular shape with a unit cell area limited by conductive elements of not more than 4 cm or a linear shape with a minimum distance between any two is built into the bulk of the main polymer layer of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C adjacent conductive linear elements no more than 2 cm. 24. The cable according to claim 23, wherein said insulation is made of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of at least 30, including with reduced smoke and gas emission, or crosslinked polyethylene, or halogen-free polymer compositions with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of at least 29, or isol ionic cable rubber, or silicone rubber including keramiziruyuscheysya under fire conditions. 25. The cable according to claim 23, characterized in that in addition to the said insulation and on top of the core, a spiral winding is applied with at least one mica tape overlapping. 26. The cable according to claim 23, characterized in that at least one screen is superimposed on separate groups and / or on the core. 27. The cable according to claim 23, characterized in that under the said sheath and / or into the air cavities in the core an additional polymer aggregate of solid or foam material is introduced. 28. The cable according to claim 23, wherein said additive is made of carbon black and makes up from 0.1 to 20% of the volume of the main polymer layer of the said shell or sorbitol monostearate and / or glycerol monostearate and ranges from 0.01 to 2% of the volume the main polymer layer of the named shell. 29. The cable according to claim 23, characterized in that said conductive structure is made cellular in the form of a metal mesh imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a perforated metal or metal polymer tape imposed by a winding in a spiral or longitudinally, or in the form of a braid of metal wires, or from a conductive polymer, predominantly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said sheath, or linear from longitudinally or helically superimposed linear elements from the conductive floor a measure predominantly chemically related to the material of the main polymer layer of the said sheath, or in the form of a spiral winding of metal wires. 30. The cable according to clause 29, wherein the aforementioned conductive structure of a cellular shape made of metal wires in the form of a braid or a linear form in the form of a winding in a spiral, is additionally cable armor. 31. The cable according to item 23, wherein the adhesive layer is additionally introduced between the main polymer layer of the said sheath and the conductive structure. 32. The cable according to item 23, wherein the said sheath is made of several layers, and the main polymer layer, made by extrusion, is located closest to the outer surface. 33. The cable according to claim 23, wherein the main polymer layer of the said sheath is made of a cold-resistant material with a brittle temperature of not higher than minus 60 ° C with a base of polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index of 20 to 25 or a special polyvinyl chloride plastic compound with an oxygen index not less than 30, including with low smoke and gas emission, or a halogen-free polymer composition with an oxygen index of at least 35, or a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer, with an oxygen index of at least 29, or thermoplastic adic polyurethane elastomer with an oxygen index of not less than 29, a cable or a hose of rubber or silicone rubber including keramiziruyuscheysya under fire conditions.