RU110364U1 - LIFT SAFETY SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The safety system of the elevator, containing catchers, a mechanism for activating catchers installed on the elevator car, and a speed limiter installed in the upper part of the elevator and made with a pulley, enveloped by a rope, one end of which is connected to the tensioner, and the other to the lever of the switching mechanism catchers, characterized in that it further comprises a force mechanism made of two springs, passed into the grooves of the elements for tensioning the springs, and a lever mechanism, while the springs are installed under the parallel elevator car It is possible for each other and with the possibility of interacting with catchers, and the lever mechanism is connected at one end to the speed limiter rope, and at the other end it is equipped with a stop installed for insertion between the springs, in addition, the cab floor is connected to the elements for spring tension by means of springs . ! 2. The safety system of the elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that for the compression of the springs, the base of the stop at the end of the linkage has a thickening.

Description

The utility model relates to hoisting vehicles, and more specifically to a safety system of elevators, for example with catchers, on the cab, and can be used in elevators, including any other elevators designed to move people from one floor to another and cargo.

Elevators typically include a cab and a counterweight, connected by tensile elements or connecting elements, such as ropes or belts. The cabin consists of an upper, lower frame and side racks. The cab and counterweight move along the right and left rail. The elevator also contains a security system consisting of a speed limiter, the device for switching on catchers and catchers that interact with guides (Arkhangelsky G.G. Elevators / edited by D.P. Volkov. - M.: ASV Publishing House, 1999. Volkov) and provide emergency braking when the cab speed is exceeded.

From the prior art, devices are known that are aimed at ensuring the safety of lifts in excess of their speed, for example, inventions according to USSR copyright certificates No. 46861, No. 473658, No. 659503 and RF patents for inventions, No. 2026253, No. 2034766, No. 1346553, No. 1411260.

The known emergency braking device, the “speed limiter” according to the patent for invention RU 2034766, published on 05/10/1995, is a centrifugal device. The basis of the design is a drive pulley, on which levers with shaped weights are mounted using fingers. The loads are pivotally connected to each other by a rod on which a pre-compressed spring is installed. The spring is compressed by nuts relative to the stop with an opening for the passage of traction. Due to the presence of traction that synchronizes the movement of goods in the radial direction, their gravity forces are balanced and do not affect the operation of the speed limiter. In the event of an emergency speeding, the speed limiter pulley rises, and centrifugal forces begin to move the loads from the center to the fixed stops of the ratchet wheel until they engage. When the speed limiter is activated, the traction rope stops and the cab still continues to move, by pulling the rope, catchers are used to brake, fix the stationary state and hold on the guides of the cab (counterbalance), moving down with an emergency overspeed. Simultaneously with the inclusion of the speed limiter and the operation of the catchers, the motor mechanism is switched off.

The disadvantage is that when the speed limiter is triggered, the catcher abruptly turns on, thereby causing the cabin to jerk along with the passengers and hit the ropes. In addition, with different loading modes and the location of the cab and counterweight, the catcher has an unstable braking performance.

The catcher according to the RF patent of invention No. 1411260 contains brake wedges with segments of steel ropes placed in longitudinal semicircular streams on the working faces of the brake wedges and fixed at their ends with clamps and screws.

Brake wedges are inserted into pads located at one end of the tick, the second ends of which are spring-loaded with each other. Catch wedges are located on both sides of the elevator guide.

Reliability of braking is increased by reducing the rigidity of the frictional contact of a pair of catchers with the guide.

Elevator safety devices are known from the prior art that are designed to control the loading of the elevator car and ensure that the car stops when it is overloaded (utility patents RU No. 60071, RU No. 48178). For example, the device for loading the elevator car according to the patent for utility model No. 60071 is made in the form of a strain gauge mounted on a fixed frame. The frame is in contact with an emphasis mounted on a movable platform, which is located under the elevator car. If the pressure is higher than the value calculated for the rated load of the car, a signal is sent to the elevator control system, which breaks the circuit for controlling the movement of the elevator car.

However, these devices, controlling the load, are aimed at stopping the cab when the load is exceeded, but they do not provide a smooth running of the cab when it is loaded, and they do not affect the provision of a smooth and stable landing of the cab on catchers during emergency braking of the cab in case of speeding.

As a prototype of the claimed model adopted the security system of the elevator, according to the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention RU 2026253, publ. 01/09/1995. In technical essence and the problem being solved, this is the closest technical solution.

The elevator safety system, which is protected by patent for invention No. 2026253, consists of a speed limiter, catchers and a mechanism for activating catchers installed on the elevator car. The speed limiter contains a pulley, enveloped by a rope. At the end of one branch of the rope, a load is fixed, installed in the guide, on which the upper and lower limiters of movement of the load are fixed. The guide is mounted on the counterweight of the elevator car. The second end of the rope speed limiter is connected to the end of the lever mechanism for activating the catchers. The lever of the mechanism for activating the catchers in the initial position is spring-loaded to the elevator car with a certain force, excluding its rotation in the absence of an emergency. When the traction cable breaks, the rope of the speed limiter brakes sharply, the spring holding the lever weakens, which ensures the activation of the mechanism for activating the catchers and leads to the landing of the elevator car on the catchers and its stop.

The thin rope of the speed limiter is located in a semicircular groove, the size of which exactly corresponds to the diameter of the pulley of the speed limiter, which eliminates the deformation of the rope. During installation and replacement of the elevator, this rope is pulled out and cannot provide sufficient switching power for the catcher, as a result of which the catchers work at different forces.

The main drawback of the catcher is the inability to respond to the loading of the cab, as a result of which the cab breaks down and re-landing on the catchers. In addition, under different loading modes and the location of the cabin and the counterweight, the catcher has an unstable braking performance.

The basis of this utility model is the task of improving the safety system of the braking process in order to increase the reliability of the emergency landing of the cab on the catchers, as well as reduce dynamic shock as a result of the cab stopping.

The technical result in solving the problem is to reduce vibration to the cab, reliable operation of the trap, a smooth stop, accompanied by the least wear of the elevator parts by creating the ability of the system to respond to the loading of the cab and transfer additional effort to the traps.

The claimed safety system of the elevator, as well as the prototype, contains catchers, a mechanism for activating catchers installed on the elevator car, and a speed limiter installed in the upper part of the elevator and made with a pulley, enveloped by a rope, one end of which is connected to a tension device, and the other to lever mechanism for activating catchers.

Unlike the prototype, the safety system of the elevator according to the claimed utility model further comprises a force mechanism made of two springs, passed into the grooves of the elements for tensioning the springs, and a lever mechanism. Springs are installed under the elevator car parallel to each other and with the possibility of interaction with catchers. The lever mechanism is connected at one end to a speed limiter cable, and at the other end is equipped with a stop mounted for insertion into the gap between the springs. For the best compression of the springs, the base of the stop can be made with a thickening. In addition, the cab floor is connected to the elements for tensioning the springs by means of springs.

The inclusion of catchers remains the same, but it becomes possible to select the operating mode depending on the load of the cabin. If the cabin is empty, then the mechanism of effort of catchers does not work. As a result of the appearance of a passenger or cargo, the force mechanism transfers the load to the block of catchers. In case of emergency overspeeding, a speed limiter is triggered, which in turn turns on catchers. As a result of the interaction of the catchers with the guide, efforts arise, and a mechanism that responds to the loading of the cabin complements these efforts. As a result of the work of the force mechanism, variants of the modes of action on the catchers appear: light medium and heavy.

The utility model meets the criterion of "novelty", since a security system characterized by the same set of features as the claimed utility model is not found in the known sources of information.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the security system of the elevator. On Fig 2 shows a top view of the safety system of the elevator.

In the upper part of the shaft is a speed limiter (not shown in the drawing), which is made similar to the prototype. On the traction rope 1 of the speed limiter is fixed the end of the linkage 2. The mechanism 2 on the other end is equipped with a sliding stop 3, which is installed with the possibility of implementation in the gap between the springs 4, 5 (Fig 2). The emphasis 3 at the end has a thickening (expansion) to compress flexible springs 4, 5.

Springs 4, 5 have a rectangular shape, the main advantage of which is the ability to absorb loads and recover. Springs 4, 5 are located opposite each other under the elevator car 6. Springs 4, 5 are fixed horizontally in the grooves of the fasteners 7. The grooves of the elements 7 are used to control the tension of the springs 4, 5 depending on the load of the elevator car 6. The guides 9 are pressed against the guides 8, on which additional braking force is created due to the springs 4, 5 and the stop 3.

The mechanism for activating catchers 9 through the rope 1 interacts with a speed limiter in the same way as in the prototype (not shown in the drawing). The floor of the cab 6 is in contact with the springs 4, 5 by means of springs 10, which are mounted on the elements 7.

When loading the elevator car 6 through the springs 10, the load on the elements 7 is reported, as a result of which they are shifted to the center of the force mechanism. When the rated speed is exceeded, the elevator speed limiter is triggered, which pulls the rope 1, at the same time including the catchers 9 and the lever mechanism 2, with the stop 3. In turn, the stop 3 begins to be embedded in the springs 4, 5 and, unclenching them, acts on the catchers 9, reporting additional load depending on the load of the cab 6. The elevator stops due to the friction forces of the catchers 9 on the guides 8.

Smooth braking of the cab is achieved by exposing the cab floor through the springs to the springs. Due to the additional efforts on the springs, the load on the catchers is transmitted, which helps the catchers to provide such braking force, which is necessary to stop the cab with the load.

The proposed design of the emergency braking safety system provides the following advantages: additional efforts in the catchers, the ability to adjust the efforts on the catchers, depending on the load of the cab. Smooth running allows you to reduce negative dynamic shocks, reduce vibration, instability of the braking movement, eliminates the counterweight jump. Increases safety for passengers during emergency braking.

Using the mechanism for engaging the efforts of catchers allows the catcher to provide a stable, increasing amount of braking force. Deterioration of catchers becomes less as a result of operating modes, which increases the overall reliability of the operation of catchers. The differences of the claimed utility model lead to an increase in the lifespan of the elevator, which ultimately reduces the cost of elevators.

Thus, the utility model in comparison with the prototype in both versions has the following advantages:

- the reliability of the catcher;

- the system selects the braking path depending on the loading of the cab;

- reduces the cost of elevators.

The claimed security system allows you to improve the quality of adhesion to the rails, and also provides the process of braking the cab from a given load capacity.

Claims (2)

1. The safety system of the elevator, containing catchers, a mechanism for activating catchers installed on the elevator car, and a speed limiter installed in the upper part of the elevator and made with a pulley, enveloped by a rope, one end of which is connected to the tensioner, and the other to the lever of the switching mechanism catchers, characterized in that it further comprises a force mechanism made of two springs, passed into the grooves of the elements for tensioning the springs, and a lever mechanism, while the springs are installed under the parallel elevator car It is possible for each other and with the possibility of interacting with catchers, and the lever mechanism is connected at one end to the speed limiter rope, and at the other end it is equipped with a stop installed for insertion between the springs, in addition, the cab floor is connected to the elements for spring tension by means of springs . 2. The safety system of the elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that for the compression of the springs, the base of the stop at the end of the linkage has a thickening.