RU107243U1 - ENERGY-ACTIVE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. An individual residential building, including rooms made with walls, partitions, attic roofs, heating, air conditioning, water and electricity with an automatic control system, with a solar collector located on the roof and a wind generator, characterized in that the central load-bearing wall the building is made with channels for elements of heating, air conditioning, water and electricity supply and automatic control, a tubular mast of the wind generator is installed in the attic of the lower op a swarm for overlapping the upper floor, coinciding with the central load-bearing wall, the upper support - on the horse-drawn part of the roof, while the triangular elements of the roof rafters are connected to the upper support, one of the premises of the building is made in the form of a technical unit containing the main elements of the heating, air conditioning, water -electricity and automatic control. ! 2. An individual residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the rooms is designed as a garage for a car. ! 3. An individual residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the premises is made in the form of a winter garden. !four. An individual residential building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the technical unit is located above the garage for the car.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to construction, in particular, to individual housing construction and can be used in the construction of efficient, independent of centralized networks of energy, water and heat supply of buildings both in areas of dispersed development, and in areas with undeveloped or absent engineering infrastructure .

From the scientific, technical and patent literature [1-4], a number of designs of residential buildings and their individual systems and elements are known. In most literary sources, either individual life support systems or fragments of these systems are considered. At the same time, the consequences of the proposed private technical solutions on the general layout of the building are not traced, as a result of the size of the development spot, the manufacturability of the structure, and therefore the cost of the building. The rationality of the spatial distribution of the individual functional blocks of life support systems determines the labor costs for servicing these systems during operation. When solving the problem of layout simplification of building structures and improving manufacturability can be achieved by combining the functions of individual elements. Solving this problem, it is necessary to trace the consequences of emergencies.

Known analogues do not satisfy the layout requirements. For example, the design [2] involves the stepwise placement of the premises, hence the complex wiring of utility networks.

The closest technical solution is the eco-house [1]. The ecohouse contains a housing with a heating system and a water supply system (not shown in the drawing of the patent). The heating system is connected with a heat accumulator made in the form of a heat-insulating tank under the housing of the eco-house. There is a solar collector, which is located on the roof of the house. The water supply system through the water supply system (not shown in the drawing of the patent) has a connection with the installation for the production of water. There is a glacier connected with the air conditioning system through the air duct (not shown in the drawing of the patent). The power supply system has a wind generator electrically connected to the battery. Under the house is a bioreactor connected by a plumbing unit.

Analyzing the considered technical solution. We can conclude that it has the same disadvantages as its counterparts:

- away from the main building there is a glacier and a wind generator, the mast of which has stretch marks. Consequently, the overall development spot is large;

- the remote location of the windmill and wind generator involves long pipelines and an electric cable;

- The installation of an electric accumulator near the mast of the wind generator involves the construction of a protective volume. Battery maintenance is difficult due to climatic conditions (rains, cold winters with snowdrifts);

- the use of a glacier and heat accumulator in the considered design is impossible in an arbitrary climatic zone. Ensuring the sanitary and biological requirements for the air environment of these devices is extremely time-consuming (regular disinfection, up to replacing the filler).

The technical result of the proposed technical solution (utility model) is

- minimization of the heel of development;

- improving the manufacturability of the structure by combining the functions of individual building elements;

- increase maintainability and reduce operating costs.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in an individual residential building, including rooms made using walls, partitions, an attic roof, heating, air conditioning, water and electricity with an automatic control system, a solar collector located on the roof, and a wind generator, a central carrier the wall is made with channels for elements of heating, air conditioning, water, electricity and automatic control, the tubular mast of the wind generator is installed in the attic In the same room, the lower support on the ceiling of the upper floor, coinciding with the central load-bearing wall, the upper support on the end part of the roof, while the triangular elements of the roof rafters are connected on the upper support, one of the premises of the building is made in the form of a technical unit containing the main elements of the heating systems, air conditioning, water and electricity and automatic control. In an individual residential building, one of the rooms is designed as a garage for a car, one of them is in the form of a winter garden, while the technical unit is located above the garage for a car.

The design of an individual residential building is shown in the attached drawings:

Figure 1 - building facade;

Figure 2 is a view A of figure 1;

Figure 3 is a plan of the first floor;

Figure 4 - plan of the second floor;

Figure 5 - section bb in figure 3.

The building is arranged as follows (we will proceed from the two-story version). On the foundation 1, load-bearing walls are installed - along the contour 2 and the central 3. There are floor slabs 4, 5. These plates are supported by load-bearing walls. The attic type roof 6 contains a supporting part with rafters 7 and a roof 8. Solar collectors (panels) are located on the roof slopes 9. The wind generator mast 10 is installed in the attic, its lower support is fixed with anchor bolts 11 on the ceiling 5 connected to the central wall 3 The upper support 12 is formed by the load-bearing elements of the roof - rafters and a horse beam 13. The volume of the building inside the load-bearing walls is divided by partitions into rooms. On the ground floor, partitions 14-15 form a kitchen 16, a living room 17, a winter garden 18, and a garage 19. On the ground floor there is a one-story extension forming a hallway 20. Windows and doors are depicted in accordance with the requirements of the interstate standard GOST 21.501-93, therefore drawings item numbers are not affixed. On the second floor of the partition, three bedrooms 23, 24, 25 and a technical unit 26 are formed. The room of the technical unit, in turn, is divided into a control room 26-a and a bathroom 26-b. There are two stairs to climb to the second floor. Staircase 27 is located directly in the kitchen 16, adjacent to the partition 14. In this partition under the stairs there is a door connecting the kitchen and the dining room. The second staircase 28 is located in the conservatory 18 along the partition 15. The entrance to the staircase 28 is through the door from the kitchen. Both stairs have handrails, fencing, and above them in the ceilings are enclosed openings.

The equipment of the building. The central bearing wall 3 has vertical ventilation ducts 29 for each room. In the same wall there are channels 30 of the air conditioning system, through which air is supplied to each room. The outlet openings of the indicated channels are closed by adjustable grilles (dampers) 31. In the room of the technical unit 26-a, hot and cold water tanks with heating elements, air conditioning, and automation system elements with a control panel are installed. Water distribution is carried out by pipes that are installed in the piping channels of the central wall 3. In the attic, in addition to the mast of the wind generator, electric batteries, converters, switching devices, sensors, i.e. all end elements of the power supply system that are connected to the control panel (room 26a). The wiring of the consumer networks was performed using its own group of channels in the central bearing wall 3. An external staircase 32 is provided for servicing the attic equipment.

Previously, prior to the arrangement of the territory of the cottage village, a well or a well may be a source of water supply for the house. Sewer juices are collected in a closed pit where biodegradation is ensured using appropriate additives.

Thus, the proposed constructive solution of an individual residential building provides a solution to the problem. Placing a wind generator on a building minimizes the development spot. The mass of the wind generator is distributed primarily on the central load-bearing wall, and through it the foundation of the building. The transverse stiffness of the upper support of the wind generator is ensured by the triangular elements of the rafters, which are located in different planes. Placing all the main communications - cables from the wind generator and solar panels with their service elements in the attic, network cabling, as well as hot and cold water pipes, exhaust ventilation and air conditioning systems - in special niches of the central load-bearing wall significantly reduces the cost of installing all systems , provides high maintainability. All these technical design factors ultimately reduce the cost of designing, building and operating an individual residential building.

List of documents cited in the application

1. Ecohouse. Patent RU 2334850 C2, IPC Е04Н 1/00, F24F 12/00, C02F 11/04. / V.B. Krakht, Yu.G. Losev, A.V. Konyakhin. Application 20041122445/06 of 04/22/2004. Publ. 09/27/2008 - a prototype.

2. Individual residential building Plekhova G.G. Patent RU 2105117 C1, IPC Е04Н 1/00. / G.G. Plekhov. Application 95118962/03 from 09.11.1995. Publ. 02.20.1998.

3. A house with an asymmetric roof. Patent RU 2085682 C1, IPC E04H 1/02, EBB 7/08, F24J 2/12. / B.I. Shabalin, V.A. Magdach, L.B. Ivashkova. Application 92012608/03 of 12.16.1992. Publ. 07/27/1997.

4. The building of a wind power station. Patent RU 2214492 C2, IPC Е04Н 15/00, F03D 9/00. Application 2001131522/03 of 11.23.2001. Publ. 10/20/2003.

5. Roofing panel with solar panel. Patent RU 2194827 C2, IPC E04D 13/18. Application 2001102215/03 of 24.01.2001. Publ. 12/20/2002

Claims (4)

1. An individual residential building, including rooms made with walls, partitions, attic roofs, heating, air conditioning, water and electricity with an automatic control system, with a solar collector located on the roof and a wind generator, characterized in that the central load-bearing wall the building is made with channels for elements of heating, air conditioning, water and electricity supply and automatic control, a tubular mast of the wind generator is installed in the attic of the lower op a swarm for overlapping the upper floor, coinciding with the central load-bearing wall, the upper support - on the horse-drawn part of the roof, while the triangular elements of the roof rafters are connected to the upper support, one of the premises of the building is made in the form of a technical unit containing the main elements of the heating, air conditioning, water -electricity and automatic control. 2. An individual residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the rooms is designed as a garage for a car. 3. An individual residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the premises is made in the form of a winter garden. 4. An individual residential building according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the technical unit is located above the garage for the car.